Summer Olympic Coins (2000–present) explained

Traditionally, Olympic coins are numismatic coins.[1] However, several host countries minted so many coins – particularly silver ones – that their value has become just slightly above the value of their metal content. Coins for the 1976 Montreal, 1984 Los Angeles, and 1988 Seoul are generally considered to fall into that category.

There have been cases, though, in which host countries minted circulating commemorative coins. For example, Canada's Lucky Loonie program and its 2007 25-cent pieces to commemorate the 2010 Vancouver Olympic Games, and Brazil's 1-real pieces that commemorate the 2014 Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games.

Summer Games

YearEventNumber of Coins
18961896 Summer Olympics, Athens, GreeceNone
19001900 Summer Olympics, Paris, FranceNone
19041904 Summer Olympics, St. Louis, USANone
19081908 Summer Olympics, London, EnglandNone
19121912 Summer Olympics, Stockholm, SwedenNone
19201920 Summer Olympics, Antwerp, BelgiumNone
19241924 Summer Olympics, Paris, FranceNone
19281928 Summer Olympics, Amsterdam, NetherlandsNone
19321932 Summer Olympics, Los Angeles, USANone
19361936 Summer Olympics, Berlin, GermanyNone
19481948 Summer Olympics, London, EnglandNone
19521952 Summer Olympics, Helsinki, Finland1
19561956 Summer Olympics, Melbourne, Australia and Stockholm, SwedenNone
19601960 Summer Olympics, Rome, ItalyNone
19641964 Summer Olympics, Tokyo, Japan2
19681968 Summer Olympics, Mexico City, Mexico1
19721972 Summer Olympics, Munich, Germany6
19761976 Summer Olympics, Montreal, Canada30
1980Summer Olympics, Moscow, Russia45
19841984 Summer Olympics, Los Angeles, USA6
19881988 Summer Olympics, Seoul, Korea32
19921992 Summer Olympics, Barcelona, Spain30
19961996 Summer Olympics, Atlanta, USA16
20002000 Summer Olympics, Sydney, Australia59
20042004 Summer Olympics, Athens, Greece1
20082008 Summer Olympics, Beijing, China27 [2]
20122012 Summer Olympics, London, United Kingdom33[3]
20162016 Summer Olympics, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil36[4]
20202020 Summer Olympics, Tokyo, Japan39[5]

2000 Sydney Olympics

This set has been very popular with collectors, with people still trying to get hold of a complete set. The first coin in this set was sold out at the mint very quickly and it has left a lot of people with incomplete sets.

Olympic Gold Proof Coin Collection

YearThemeReverse DesignBorder of the Coin
1997Journey BeginsDepicts the determination to train in defiance of the elementsA border of Olympic flames surrounds the logo.
N/ADedication IOfficial logo of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games in colourThe border of the coin represents a heart monitor, taking its measure of the athlete's exertions.
N/ADedication IIThe third gold coin in the series symbolises the athlete's dedication to attaining peak fitness in the quest for Olympic glory. The pain and effort of a gruelling weights session in the gymnasium are symbolised in the image, which represents the common experience of athletes across a range of Olympic sports. Athletes of various nationalities, both male and female, are personified in the design.The border comprises items of equipment used in training for many Olympic sports, from a loud-hailer used in rowing training, to boxing gloves, a hockey stick and a tennis racquet.
N/APreparation IDepicts a veteran athletics coach demonstrating shot put technique to aspiring young athletes.Dramatic shades of blue around the border evoke the cold mountainous regions of the world, from which some of the Olympic athletes will come. The ring of mountains links fifteen of the official pictograms, which depict the sports of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games.
N/APreparation IIThe central image on the reverse design depicts an athlete and coach working on one of the most crucial aspects of a sprint race - the start.The border comprises 15 of the 34 official pictograms representing the sports and disciplines of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. The colour green in the border represents the cultivated and tropical areas from which some of the Olympic competitors will come.
N/AAchievement (Stadium)The central image on the reverse design depicts the Olympic Stadium, the largest outdoor venue in Olympic history. It is the centrepiece of Sydney Olympic Park, and will be the venue for the Opening and Closing Ceremonies.The coins red border comprises 15 of the 34 official pictograms representing the sports and disciplines of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. The red colour represents the rugged regions from which many Australian athletes come.
N/AAchievement (Athlete)The presentation of the ultimate athletic prize - an Olympic gold medal - is the central image on the reverse design.The coin's yellow border comprises 15 of the 34 official pictograms representing the sports and disciplines of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. The shades of yellow represent the arid and desert areas from which many of the world's greatest athletes now come.
N/AAchievement (Torch)The central image of the coin is the Sydney 2000 Olympic torch, which draws its inspiration from the Sydney Opera House, the blue waters of the Pacific Ocean and the curve of the boomerang.The border shows 25 athletes carrying the Olympic flame.

[6]

$5 Silver Proof Coin Collection

Specifications

Coin Details

ArtistReverse DesignBorder
Nova Peris-Kneebone, and Stuart DevlinThe figures in the centre of the design depict two people. The circle around them represents their dreams, the smaller dots their family and friends. The waves symbolise the obstacles they must overcome, while the stars symbolise the notion that the sky is the limit to accomplishment if dreams are backed by dedication.A variety of Australian sea-life - reef fish, stingrays, crocodiles, sea snakes and turtles - make up the elaborate border, together with the Millennium Athlete of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games logo.
N/AThe Kangaroos are surrounded by native Xanthorrhoea plants, commonly known as Grasstrees, or by their Aboriginal name - 'Balga' trees.The perimeter of the coin features the inscription: "Commemorating the Olympic Games of the new Millennium in Sydney in the Year 2000 AD. Celebrating the unique animals, birds, fish and flora of Australia and the spirit of the Games of the XXVII Olympiad."
N/AThe theme of reconciliation and co-operation is symbolised representing the story of the discovery and settlement of Australia. Sailing ships, which transported the European explorers and colonists, surround the 'Mother Country'.Two human figures and footprints represent Australia's indigenous and non-indigenous population, standing together as one - a symbol of reconciliation and harmony.
N/AThe Great White Shark is the focal point of this design.The sharks are surrounded by a border of coral and seaweed found in Australian waters.
N/AThis design focuses on Australia's evolution as a multicultural society. The image depicts a central, wise Aboriginal elder, surrounded by Australians of diverse ethnic backgrounds symbolising both the starting point and development of Australian society.The border comprises the ships and aircraft that brought to Australia the immigrants who shaped and enriched the nation's culture and way of life.
N/AThe third silver coin in the 'environmental' series features two of Australia's most famous natural treasures - the Frill-necked lizard, in typical aggressive pose.An elaborate border of the flowers, buds and foliage of Sturt's Desert Pea, both found in Australia's tropical north.
N/A'Reaching the World I' celebrates Australian achievements in commerce, industry and technology. The design incorporates the commercial districts of Melbourne, the distinctive towers and chimneys of a large industrial power stationSatellite dishes that link Australia to the world through latest communications technology
N/A'Emu and Wattle' features two of Australia's most famous flora and fauna. Two adult emus caring for two chicks and a clutch of unhatched eggs are the focus of the design. The emu also features on the Australian Coat of Arms, and is the second tallest of the world's flightless birds, reaching two metres in height.A border of Australia's national flower, the wattle, frames the group.
Stuart DevlinFigures representing ballet, painting, opera, pop music, athletics, golf and soccer radiate out from a map of Australia. They are framed by a border of famous international arts and sports venues at which Australians have performed or had their work shocased.The venues are interspersed with cityscapes from around the world. The venues are (clockwise from bottom left) the Royal Albert Hall, London, the Olympic Sports Halls, Tokyo, the Gugenheim Museum, New York, Wembley Stadium, London, the Metropolitan Opera House, New York and the Palezetto dello Sport, Rome.
Stuart DevlinThe Sydney Harbour Bridge, one of Australia's most famous landmarks, is depicted on the reverse.The border design is based on one of Australia's most beautiful trees, the Red Flowering Gum.
Stuart DevlinOne of Australia's most endearing ambassadors, the koala, is the central feature of the reverse design.The border design shows the myriad of vessels - ferries, yachts, cruiseliners and pleasurecraft - that traverse Sydney harbour daily.
Stuart DevlinThe platypus, one of Australia's unique creatures, is the central feature of the reverse. The platypus is the inspiration for Syd, one of the three Olympic Games Mascots.A border of Australian water lilies surrounds the design. With violet flowers and broad flat leaves, these plants create a spectacular sight in tropical Australian wetlands.
Stuart DevlinThe platypus, one of Australia's most unusual creatures, is the central feature of the reverse. The platypus is the inspiration for Syd, one of the three Olympic Games Mascots.A border of Australian water lilies surrounds the design. With violet flowers and broad flat leaves, these plants create a spectacular sight in tropical Australian wetlands.
Stuart DevlinThe Sydney Opera House.The central image is surrounded by a border of historic and modern Sydney city buildings including the AMP Tower, the Sydney Observatory, the Chinese Garden Pagoda, Horby Lighthouse and the Sydney Convention Centre.
N/AThe echidna, which features on the reverse of this coin, is one of Australia's most interesting native animals. It is the inspiration for Millie, one of the three Sydney 2000 Olympic Games Mascots.A border of tea tree flowers and leaves surrounds the echidna design. The tea tree is a small paperbark tree with narrow leaves and five-petal flowers. Some species contain an essential oil that is recognised internationally for its antiseptic properties.
N/AThe coin depicts Sydney Harbour, looking towards the entrance of the harbour, or 'Heads', from the city. It shows the sea and the land, dominated by the air above. Fort Denison is depicted in the middle of the harbour.The border of the coin shows the diverse weather conditions experienced throughout this vast country. Rain, wind, sun, snow, clouds and clear skies are all represented.
Stuart DevlinThe Kookaburra features as the central image of the reverse. The Kookaburra is the inspiration for Olly, one of three Sydney Olympic Games Mascots.A border of the flowers and leaves of the waratah, one of Australia's most spectacular native plants. It has crimson flowers with leathery spiked leaves and is the floral emblem of New South Wales.
[7]

Olympic Kilogram Coin

At the time, the 1 Kilo Proof coin was the largest Olympic coin released. All 28 sports were depicted on this pure silver (.999%) coin. It was packaged in a Jarrah box, complete with a serial numbered Certificate of Authenticity. With only 20,000 minted, it was a very popular coin.

$5 Bronze Collection

This release for the Sydney 2000 Bronze Olympic coins has28 coins in the complete set. Each individual coin displays one of the 28 sports which were played at the games. The coins were sold individually or in a complete set.

Description
Athletics
Aquatics
Modern Pentathlon
Canoe/Kayak
Field Hockey
Basketball
Judo
Triathlon
Archery
Rowing
Boxing
Handball
Gymnastics
Badminton
Fencing
Softball
Sailing
Volleyball
Taekwondo
Football (Soccer)
Weightlifting
Equestrian
Table Tennis
Wrestling
Cycling
Shooting
Baseball
Tennis

Olymphilex Uncirculated Dollar

The Royal Australian Mint released this coin in commemoration of the Olymphilex exhibition held in Sydney whilst the 2000 Olympic Games were on. The Coin has edged lettering with the word Sydney displayed on it. The coin is available with Canberra and Sydney edged on the coin.

Paralympic Games Victory Silver Dollar Coin

This Sydney 2000 Paralympic Commemorative coin released by the Royal Australian Mint depicts the medals which were awarded to the winning Paralympians. The coin displays the Paralympic logo and is struck strictly to demand from orders placed before the closing of the Paralympic games. These releases were the IOC's first Victory Medals on legal tender.

Paralympic Games Victory 10oz Silver Proof Coin

The 10oz coin symbolizes Paralympic remembrance, featuring the design of the Sydney Harbour Bridge and the Opera House as its centrepiece. This coin is struck from 99.9% fine silver in proof quality and is presented in a teak timber case together with a certificate of authenticity. The coin had a mintage of 3,000..

Paralympic Games Gold, Silver and Bronze Coins

Gold, Silver and Bronze coins were released to commemorate the Sydney 2000 Paralympic Games. The Silver and Bronze coins are legal tender and have a face value of $5.

2004 Athens Olympics

Image Country Feature Volume Date
width=160 Summer Olympics in Athens 2004 50 million coins 14 March 2004[8]
Description: The Discobolus (a classical Greek sculpture by Myron) is depicted in the centre of the coin. To the right[9] of it is the logo of the Olympic games (ATHENS 2004) and the five Olympic Rings, while to the left the denomination of the coin in Greek is given (Greek, Modern (1453-);: 2 ΕΥΡΩ). The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design. The year mark is split around the star in the bottom centre (20*04), and the mint mark is to the upper right of the statue's head.[10]

2008 Beijing Olympics

1 Yuan

YearDenominationAlloyReverseDiameterWeightObverseMintageSeries
20071 YuanBrassWeightlifting25 mm6.75 grEmblem of the XXIX Olympiad, and the year 2008.10,000,000I series
20071 YuanBrassSwimming25 mm6.75 grEmblem of the XXIX Olympiad, and the year 2008.10,000,000I series
20081 YuanBrassArchery25 mm6.75 grEmblem of the XXIX Olympiad, and the year 2008.10,000,000II series
20081 YuanBrassGymnastics25 mm6.75 grEmblem of the XXIX Olympiad, and the year 2008.10,000,000II series
20081 YuanBrassTable tennis25 mm6.75 grEmblem of the XXIX Olympiad, and the year 2008.10,000,000II series
20081 YuanBrassFencing25 mm6.75 grEmblem of the XXIX Olympiad, and the year 2008.10,000,000III series
20081 YuanBrassFootball25 mm6.75 grEmblem of the XXIX Olympiad, and the year 2008.10,000,000III series
20081 YuanBrassModern pentathlon25 mm6.75 grEmblem of the XXIX Olympiad, and the year 2008.10,000,000III series

10 Yuan

YearDenominationReverseWeightDiameterFinenessObverseSeries
200610 YuanKite Flying1 Troy Ounce40 mm.999 SilverEmblem of the XXIX Olympiad, traditional paired Chinese dragon, name of People's Republic of China and the year 2008.I series
200610 YuanGoat Jumping1 Troy Ounce40 mm.999 SilverEmblem of the XXIX Olympiad, traditional paired Chinese dragon, name of People's Republic of China and the year 2008.I series
200610 YuanHoop Rolling1 Troy Ounce40 mm.999 SilverEmblem of the XXIX Olympiad, traditional paired Chinese dragon, name of People's Republic of China and the year 2008.I series
200610 YuanShuttlecock Kicking1 Troy Ounce40 mm.999 SilverEmblem of the XXIX Olympiad, traditional paired Chinese dragon, name of People's Republic of China and the year 2008.I series
200710 YuanTraditional Courtyard Residence in Beijing1 Troy Ounce40 mm.999 SilverEmblem of the XXIX Olympiad, traditional paired Chinese dragon, name of People's Republic of China and the year 2008.II series
200710 YuanSummer Palace1 Troy Ounce40 mm.999 SilverEmblem of the XXIX Olympiad, traditional paired Chinese dragon, name of People's Republic of China and the year 2008.II series
200710 YuanGreat Wall of China1 Troy Ounce40 mm.999 SilverEmblem of the XXIX Olympiad, traditional paired Chinese dragon, name of People's Republic of China and the year 2008.II series
200710 YuanTibetan Tower of Beihai Park in Beijing1 Troy Ounce40 mm.999 SilverEmblem of the XXIX Olympiad, traditional paired Chinese dragon, name of People's Republic of China and the year 2008.II series
200810 YuanTraditional Chinese Peking Opera (with selectively colored mask at the right side) [11] 1 Troy Ounce40 mm.999 SilverEmblem of the XXIX Olympiad, traditional paired Chinese dragon, name of People's Republic of China and the year 2008.III series
200810 YuanYangge Dance (colorized image on the right)1 Troy Ounce40 mm.999 SilverEmblem of the XXIX Olympiad, traditional paired Chinese dragon, name of People's Republic of China and the year 2008.III series
200810 YuanChinese Lion Dance (folk art of Shadowgraph on the right) 1 Troy Ounce40 mm.999 SilverEmblem of the XXIX Olympiad, traditional paired Chinese dragon, name of People's Republic of China and the year 2008.III series
200810 YuanBeijing Tea Stall (image from the Spring Festival at the right)1 Troy Ounce40 mm.999 SilverEmblem of the XXIX Olympiad, traditional paired Chinese dragon, name of People's Republic of China and the year 2008.III series

150 Yuan

YearDenominationReverseWeightDiameterFinenessObverseSeries
2006150 YuanEquestrian.33 Troy Ounce23 mm.9999 GoldEmblem of the XXIX Olympiad, traditional paired Chinese dragon, name of People's Republic of China and the year 2008.I series
2006150 YuanArchery.33 Troy Ounce23 mm.9999 GoldEmblem of the XXIX Olympiad, traditional paired Chinese dragon, name of People's Republic of China and the year 2008.I series
2007150 YuanWeightlifting.33 Troy Ounce23 mm.9999 GoldEmblem of the XXIX Olympiad, traditional paired Chinese dragon, name of People's Republic of China and the year 2008.II series
2007150 YuanSwimming.33 Troy Ounce23 mm.9999 GoldEmblem of the XXIX Olympiad, traditional paired Chinese dragon, name of People's Republic of China and the year 2008.II series
2008150 YuanChinese Cuju Sport [12] .33 Troy Ounce23 mm.9999 GoldEmblem of the XXIX Olympiad, traditional paired Chinese dragon, name of People's Republic of China and the year 2008.III series
2008150 YuanWrestling .33 Troy Ounce23 mm.9999 GoldEmblem of the XXIX Olympiad, traditional paired Chinese dragon, name of People's Republic of China and the year 2008.III series

300 Yuan

YearDenominationReverseWeightDiameterFinenessObverseSeriesMintage
2007300 YuanDragon boat racing1 kilogram100 mm.999 silverEmblem of the XXIX Olympiad in color, name of People's Republic of China and the year 2008.II series20,008
2008300 YuanTug of war 1 kilogram100 mm.999 silverEmblem of the XXIX Olympiad in color, name of People's Republic of China and the year 2008.III series20,008

2,000 Yuan

YearDenominationReverseWeightDiameterFinenessObverseSeriesMintage
20072,000 YuanMartial Art5 Troy Ounce60 mm.999 GoldEmblem of the XXIX Olympiad in color, name of People's Republic of China and the year 2008.II series2,008
20082,000 YuanModern Sports5 Troy Ounce60 mm.999 GoldEmblem of the XXIX Olympiad in color, name of People's Republic of China and the year 2008.II series2,008

2007

[2]

2008

[2]

2012 London Olympics

Olympic Games Handover Ceremony - £2

[14]

2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics

The Central Bank of Brazil has released a few commemorative coins celebrating the 2016 Summer Olympics. To commemorate the handover of the Olympic flag, a R$1 coin was released in 2012.

Throughout 2016, sixteen different R$1 coin designs were released, representing a variety of sports practiced during the Olympics.

Additionally, non-circulating coins with non-standard values (namely, R$5 and R$10) were also released as proof mintings.

Brazilian real coins commemorating the Olympics
ImageValueDetails
1 realRelease date: 13 August 2012
Occasion: The Olympic Flag Handover for the Rio 2016 Summer Olympics
Units produced: 2 million
Reverse: The Olympic Flag in a pole above the official logo of the Games of the XXXI Olympiad. In the outer ring, the inscriptions "Entrega da Bandeira Olímpica" (Olympic Flag Handover) and "Londres 2012—Rio 2016" (London 2012—Rio 2016)[15]
1 realRelease dates: 28 November 2014, 17 April 2015, 7 August 2015, 19 February 2016 (four sets of four designs)
Occasion: 2016 Summer Olympics
Units produced: 20 million for each design
Reverse: Sixteen coin designs, representing athletics (triple jump), swimming, paralympic triathlon, golf, basketball, sailing, paralympic canoeing, rugby, football, volleyball, paralympic athletics (running), judo, boxing, paralympic swimming, and each mascot of the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics.
5 reaisRelease date: 13 August 2012
Occasion: The Olympic Flag Handover for the Rio 2016 Summer Olympics
Units produced: 14.127
10 reaisRelease date: 28 November 2014 (100 metres); 17 April 2015 (pole vault); 7 August 2015 (freestyle wrestling); 19 February 2016 (Olympic torch)
Occasion: Commemorating the 2016 Summer Olympics, which took place in Rio de Janeiro
Units produced: 5 thousand (each)
5 reaisRelease date: 28 November 2014; 17 April 2015; 7 August 2015; 19 February 2016
Occasion: Commemorating the 2016 Summer Olympics, which took place in Rio de Janeiro
Units produced (4 versions): 18.700 + 17.500 + 18 thousand + 13.850 (rowing); 18.700 + 17.500 + 17 thousand + 13.900 (cycling); 18.700 + 17.500 + 17 thousand + 13.300 (athletics); 18.700 + 17.500 + 17.759 + 13.750 (beach volleyball)

2020 Tokyo Olympics

100 Yen

YearDenominationAlloyReverseDiameterWeightObverseMintageSeries
2018100 yenCopper-nickel clad copperKarate22.6 mm4.8 gGames of the XXXII Olympiad3,948,000
2018100 yenCopper-nickel clad copperSkateboarding22.6 mm4.8 gGames of the XXXII Olympiad3,948,000
2019100 yenCopper-nickel clad copperSport Climbing22.6 mm4.8 gGames of the XXXII Olympiad3,948,000
2019100 yenCopper-nickel clad copperSurfing22.6 mm4.8 gGames of the XXXII Olympiad3,948,000
2019-2020100 yenCopper-nickel clad copperArchery22.6 mm4.8 gGames of the XXXII Olympiad3,948,000
2019-2020100 yenCopper-nickel clad copperCanoeing22.6 mm4.8 gGames of the XXXII Olympiad3,948,000
2019-2020100 yenCopper-nickel clad copperCycling22.6 mm4.8 gGames of the XXXII Olympiad3,948,000
2019100 yenCopper-nickel clad copperGoalball22.6 mm4.8 gGames of the XXXII Olympiad3,948,000
2019100 yenCopper-nickel clad copperWeightlifting22.6 mm4.8 gGames of the XXXII Olympiad3,948,000
2019100 yenCopper-nickel clad copperFootball22.6 mm4.8 gGames of the XXXII Olympiad3,948,000
2020100 yenCopper-nickel clad copperMiraitowa22.6 mm4.8 gGames of the XXXII Olympiad3,948,000
2020100 yenCopper-nickel clad copperTennis22.6 mm4.8 gGames of the XXXII Olympiad3,948,000
2020100 yenCopper-nickel clad copperVolleyball22.6 mm4.8 gGames of the XXXII Olympiad3,948,000

1,000 Yen

YearDenominationAlloyReverseDiameterWeightObverseMintageSeries
20181,000 yen.999 SilverSwimming40 mm31.1 gGames of the XXXII Olympiad100,000
20191,000 yen.999 SilverAthletics40 mm31.1 gGames of the XXXII Olympiad100,000
20191,000 yen.999 SilverBadminton40 mm31.1 gGames of the XXXII Olympiad100,000
20191,000 yen.999 SilverBaseball and Softball40 mm31.1 gGames of the XXXII Olympiad100,000
2019-20201,000 yen.999 SilverAthletics40 mm31.1 gGames of the XXXII Olympiad100,000
2019-20201,000 yen.999 SilverJudo40 mm31.1 gGames of the XXXII Olympiad100,000
2019-20201,000 yen.999 SilverTable tennis40 mm31.1 gGames of the XXXII Olympiad100,000
20201,000 yen.999 SilverBoxing40 mm31.1 gGames of the XXXII Olympiad100,000
20201,000 yen.999 SilverWrestling40 mm31.1 gGames of the XXXII Olympiad100,000

10,000 Yen

YearDenominationAlloyReverseDiameterWeightObverseMintageSeries
201810,000 yen.999 GoldHorseback archery26 mm15.6 gGames of the XXXII Olympiad40,000
2019-202010,000 yen.999 GoldVictory and Glory26 mm15.6 gGames of the XXXII Olympiad40,000

Euro coins

Several countries in the eurozone are minting high value euro collectors' coin celebrating this occasion, like the recent 2008 Olympic Games commemorative coin, minted in June 2008. The obverse carries on the right side a symbol of the Belgian Olympic Committee, in the center an analog of the Olympic flambeau, which will constantly burn during the Olympic Games, and on the left side symbols of the Olympic disciplines: cycling, hockey, athletics and tennis can be seen.

Notes and References

  1. Coins of the Modern Olympic Games, Volume 1, Michele Menard, page 8,
  2. "USOC selects distributors for Beijing Games coinage", Jeff Starek, Coin World, June 25, 2007, p. 110
  3. News: London 2012 Olympic 50p coins go into circulation . BBC News . 12 October 2010.
  4. Web site: New batches of Rio 2016 commemorative coins and postal stamps launched . 6 August 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160922181714/www.rio2016.com/en/news/new-batches-of-rio-2016-commemorative-coins-and-postal-stamps-launched . 22 September 2016 . dead .
  5. Web site: Olympic and Paralympic Games Tokyo 2020 . . 28 April 2021 .
  6. Web site: Chinagoldcoin.net . 2007-07-16 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070928122225/http://www.chinagoldcoin.net/english/Olympiccoins/Olympiccoins/Foreigncoin/page10.htm . 2007-09-28 . dead .
  7. Web site: Chinagoldcoin.net . 2007-07-16 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070928122232/http://www.chinagoldcoin.net/english/Olympiccoins/Olympiccoins/Foreigncoin/page11.htm . 2007-09-28 . dead .
  8. Web site: 2007-04-07 . The Euro — €2 Commemorative Design 2004 — Greece . 2007-04-07 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20071013193321/http://ibiblio.org/theeuro/files/files.c2e/2e.2004.01.greece.htm . 2007-10-13 .
  9. In heraldry, directions are often described as they would appear to the bearer of a coat of arms, rather than as they would appear to the viewer. Therefore, the following descriptions will use "facing to the left" when it would appear to the layman that the person depicted is facing to the right.
  10. OJ 2004/C 91/06 . Official Journal of the European Union. 15 April 2004 .
  11. China issues final 2008 Beijing Olympic commemoratives, Coin World, March 10, 2008, Vol. 49, Issue 2500, p. 68
  12. China issues final 2008 Beijing Olympic commemoratives, Coin World, March 10, 2008, Vol. 49, Issue 2500, p. 69
  13. China issues final 2008 Beijing Olympic commemoratives, Coin World, March 10, 2008, Vol. 49, Issue 2500, p. 70
  14. Web site: London 2012 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20120307085458/royalmint.com/discover/uk-coins/coin-design-and-specifications/london-2012-coins/ . 7 March 2012 . dead . 4 May 2021 .
  15. http://www.bcb.gov.br/pre/museu/moedas/real_comemorativas.asp?idpai=MOREAL94 Real coins—commemorative