Mobile number portability explained

Mobile number portability (MNP) enables mobile phone users to retain a mobile telephone number when changing the mobile network operator.

Overview

Mobile number portability is implemented in varying ways across the globe. The international and European standard implements "recipient-led" porting, in which a customer wishing to port a telephone number contacts the new network (recipient), which sends the number portability request (NPR) to the current network operator (donor). By contrast, the United Kingdom and India are the only exceptions, and implement a "donor-led" system, in which the customer is required to contact the donor to obtain a Porting Authorisation Code (PAC) in the UK—or a Unique Porting Code (UPC) in India—which is to be submitted to the recipient network. The recipient continues the porting process by informing the recipient of that porting code. The method has been criticised by some industry analysts as being inefficient, though it prevents MNP scams. It has also been observed that it may act as customer deterrent as well as allowing the donor an opportunity of "winning back" the customer. This might lead to distortion of competition, especially in the markets with new entrants that are yet to achieve scalability of operation. From 1 July 2019 as a result of new rules from Ofcom, In the UK a customer can request a PAC without having to speak to their provider by texting PAC to 65075.[1]

Technical details

A significant technical aspect of MNP is related to the routing of calls or mobile messages (SMS, MMS) to a number once it has been ported. There are various flavours of call routing implementation across the globe but the International and European best practice is via the use of a central database (CDB) of ported numbers. A network operator makes copies of the CDB and queries it to find out to which network to send a call. According to RFC3482, this is also known as All Call Query (ACQ) and is highly efficient and scalable. A majority of the established and upcoming MNP systems across the world are based on this ACQ/CDB method of call routing.

One of the very few countries not to use ACQ/CDB is the UK, where once a number has been ported, calls to that number are still routed via the donor network. This is also known as "indirect routing" and is highly inefficient as it is wasteful of transmission and switching capacity. Because of its donor dependent nature, indirect routing also means that if the donor network develops a fault or goes out of business, the customers who have ported numbers out of that network will lose incoming calls to their numbers.[2] The UK telecoms regulator Ofcom completed its extended review of the UK MNP process on 29 November 2007, and mandated that ACQ/CDB be implemented for mobile to mobile ported calls by no later than 1 September 2009.[3] However, in 2010 Ofcom reversed its position after opposition from the major telecoms operators in the UK who questioned the cost based analysis of Ofcom's mandate and a successful appeal by Vodafone in 2008.[4] [5]

Prior to March 2008, it took a minimum of 5 working days to port a number in the UK, compared to 3.5 working days in Pakistan, 2 hours in United States, as quickly as 20 minutes in the Republic of Ireland, 3 minutes in Australia, and a matter of seconds in New Zealand. On 17 July 2007, Ofcom released its conclusions from the review of the UK MNP and mandated reduction of porting time to 2 working days effective 1 April 2008. On 29 November 2007, Ofcom completed a round of consultations on further reduction of porting time to 2 hours along with recipient-led porting and mandated that near-instant (no more than 2 hours) recipient-led porting be implemented by no later than 1 September 2009. However, in early 2008 Vodafone UK appealed the Ofcom statement before the Competition Appeal Tribunal (CAT), and on 18 September 2008, CAT ruled in favor of the appeal, returning the matter back to Ofcom for reconsideration. On 8 July 2010, Ofcom issued a final statement, retaining the donor-led process, mandating a two-hour PAC release time, and reducing the porting time from two to one working day.[6]

In a decentralised model of MNP, an FNR (flexible number register) may be used to manage a database of ported out/ported in numbers for call routing.

Number lookup services

Service providers and carriers who route messages and voice calls to MNP-enabled countries might use home location register (HLR) query services to find out the correct network of a mobile phone number. A number of such services exist, which query the operator's HLR over the SS7 signalling network in order to determine the current network of a specified mobile phone number prior to attempted routing of messaging or voice traffic. These number lookup services can access the centralized database where the details related to each phone number subscribe is present who has been authorised to use the GSM network.

Impact of MNP on mobile carriers and customers

MNP is important for the telecom markets because it removes a hurdle to switching that might keep those with much equity in the number—in particular business users—prisoner behind a high switching barrier. The reduction in barriers to switching is of particular benefit to challenger carriers against dominant incumbents. Typically, when MNP is implemented in a country, a rise in churn follows.

The caller/customer experience of portability can vary by country. For example, in Portugal any call to a ported mobile number includes an announcement that the number has been ported.[7] Uptake of porting varies considerably by market: A report by Irish regulator Comreg shows over 3 million Irish mobile numbers ported between 2004 and 2013,[8] whereas in Portugal, with a much larger population of mobile users, only a little over one million numbers ported in a similar period.

The Americas

CountryImplementation date
yyyy.mm.dd		Time to port
days		PriceShort notesReferences
2010.08.171–5 daysARS 5[9] The plan started in August 2010. Number Portability Clearinghouse service is handled by iconectiv.[10]
2018.10.011FreeThe process take more working days on postpaid services[11] [12]
2008.09.01 0–3FreeThe plan started in March 2007[13]
2007.03.140FreeMNP procedure takes 10–20 minutes. [14]
2011.07.290FreeOn 1 July 2020, the time taken for the MNP procedure to take effect was reduced from 3 days to under 24 hours, the customer might also pick a specific date for the MNP procedure be carried out.[15] [16] [17]
2012.01.161FreeThe process takes place overnight. Number Portability Clearinghouse service is handled by iconectiv.[18]
2009.09.303–10Free[19]
2009.10.124FreeASCP handled by Systor, Telconet and JR Electric Supply
2015.08.240FreeThe NP Central data base (NPCDB) "NUMLEX" was developed and installed by Mediafon Datapro, administered by Mediafon Datapro and "imCard S.A. de C.V." . MNP procedure takes up to 8 hours, FNP – 3 days.[20] [21]
2014.04.300FreeMNP procedure takes 1 hour.
2008.07.052019.09.01In 2019 September Mediafon de Mexico successfully replaced old solution by modern Numlex NPCDB platform.Previously the service was handled by iconectiv and Neoris.[22]
2012.11.30Up to 8 working daysFreeMNP can take up to 8 working days but usually takes no longer than 1–2 working days. Switching occurs between 1 am and 5 am.
2010.01.017–9Freesim card of the new mobile company that will cost around 15 PEN.
2003.11.240Freeiconectiv manages the Number Portability Administration Center (NPAC), the largest number portability system in the world. Consisting of seven regional systems, the NPAC facilitates number porting across all Service Providers in the United States.
Uruguay2021.01.121–5 daysFreeCleartech manages the Portability Database Administration (ABD - Administrador de la Base de Datos)

Asia Pacific

CountryImplementation date
yyyy.mm.dd		Time to port
days		PriceShort notesReferences
2001.09.250FreePreviously prefixes
04x1, 04x2, 04x3 referred to Optus
04x4, 04x5 and 04x6 referred to Vodafone
043x, referred to Vodafone Hutchison Australia formally known as Hutchison 3G Australia.
04x7, 04x8, 04x9 and 0410x referred to Telstra
Some carriers may charge a fee for porting out. MNP takes around 10 to 20 minutes		[23]
2018.10.017$0.4350 BDT Fee and 200 BDT SIM replacement Tax and VAT. Total amount is 256 BDT.Number portability is available nationwide, "Infozillion BD-Teletech Consortium" provided the MNP. customer should have completed a period of 90 days (from the date of activation of the mobile connection) with the current operator, to be eligible for porting to another operator. Similarly, after porting to a new provider the number would be locked in for 90 days.GrameenPhone, Robi, Airtel-bd, Banglalink all operator can port own Number.

The duration for the process is 7 days and the time a number is deactivated for portability is about 2 hours.

[24]
(mainland)
  • Phase I: 2010.11 (in Tianjin and Hainan)
  • Phase II: 2018.12 (Phase I and Jiangxi, Hubei and Yunnan provinces)
  • Phase III: 2019.11.10 (all provinces, officially on 2019.12.01)
<1 (1~2 hours as in Phase II)Free (but as per the 4th requirement on right, sometimes cancellation of contract services may take some fees)No MVNO, satellite and IoT numbers are accepted due to technical challenges. No changes on home territory when doing MNP. MNP requests may only accepted if and when the phone numbers:
  1. Are identified with real name
  2. Are not in reported-the-loss or halted mode
  3. Have not owed phone bills
  4. Have no limits on contract services
  5. Have linked with the previous carrier for 120 days
[25] [26] [27] [28]
1999.03.012FreeService handled by Office of the Communications Authority (OFCA). In the network, you may be charged unexpectedly for a call to a mobile that has been ported form a different network.[29]
2011.01.203[30] ₹6.46 (if requested by operator)Number portability is available nationwide,[31] provided the customer should have completed a period of 90 days (from the date of activation of the mobile connection) with the current operator, to be eligible for porting to another operator. Similarly, after porting to a new provider the number would be locked in for 90 days. Number Portability Clearinghouse service is handled by iconectiv.

The duration for the process is 3 days and the time a number is deactivated for portability is about 2 hours.

[32] [33] [34]
2006.10.241JPY 3000[35] [36]
2008.10.011Free1 day is a minimum time necessary for porting. Number Portability Clearinghouse service is handled by iconectiv.[37] [38] [39] [40]
2016.03.102MVR 200Number portability is allowed within a circle. The customer should have completed a period of 90 days (from the date of activation of the mobile connection) with the current operator and any outstanding bills should be cleared, to be eligible for porting to another operator.

Although the duration for the process is 2 days for total process but the time a number is deactivated for portability is 2 hours only.

[41] [42] [43]
2007.04.01[44]
2007.03.234FreeCustomers can port between prepaid and postpaid options. On porting IN, the recipient company provides, free credit and airtime. The service is handled by Pakistan MNP Database (Guarantee) Limited,[45] the joint venture of all the cellular companies of Pakistan. Number Portability Clearinghouse service is handled by iconectiv.
2021.09.302Free[46]
2008.06.131FreeCustomers are not able to port between prepaid and postpaid options. Vendor for database installation is Syniverse Technologies[47]
2004.07.12[48]
2005.10.131TWD 112[49] [50]
2010.12.152FreeNumber Portability Clearinghouse services were previously handled by iconectiv. 2 days can be just working days.[51]
2018.11.16 (postpaid)2019.01.01 (prepaid)260,000 VND (postpaid)50,000 VND (prepaid)Number Portability Clearinghouse service is handled by iconectiv.[52]

Europe

CountryImplementation date
yyyy.mm.dd		Time to port
days		PriceShort notesReferences
2010.12.22TBATBAAgreement signed on 2010-12-22 between AKEP (Authority of Electronic and Postal Communications) and the service handling company "INFOSOFT SYSTEMS sh.a.". Service not implemented yet.[53]
2014.04.01
2004.10.163EUR 10
2013.08.013Free From 1 January 2013 NPCDB in Azerbaijan is administrated by Mediafon Datapro, the company of Mediafon group, which has won international rebid for NPCDB administration in Azerbaijan in 2013.

Mediafon Datapro successfully replaced old solution by modern Numlex NPCDB platform.

[54] [55]
2012.02.011Free
2002.10.012FreeThe central solution CRDC has been re-implemented several times. Originally, it was implemented by iconectiv US, then by Cap Gemini Sweden and Belgium, and the third time by Porthus Belgium. Access to DB: setup fee : €11 000, annual fee: €3000. Before, the prefixes 047x was for Proximus phones, 048x for Base and 049x for Orange
2013.01.013Free[56]
2008.04.112EUR 2.56
2006.10.0155 days is maximum possible period necessary for porting a number. Service handled by HAKOM.
2004.07.??2Free[57]
2006.01.154Before 2013-09-01 it was 30 days to transfer, now just 4 days[58]
2001.07.??1DKK 0–29The central solutions is called OCH – Operators Clearing House. Before 2009 it was 30–60 days to transfer number, now just 1 day[59]
2005.01.017
2003.07.255FreeHandled by the company Numpac[60]
2003.06.303FreeHeavily improved since November 2011 with a 3-days maximum lead time (was taking 2 months in most cases before 2007, then 10 days)[61]
2011.01.01FreeFrom 1 January 2017 NPCDB in Georgia is administrated by Mediafon Datapro, the company of Mediafon group, which has won international rebid for NPCDB administration in Georgia in 2016. Mediafon Datapro successfully replaced old solution by modern Numlex NPCDB platform.
2002.11.011Free
2003.09.??3FreeService is handled by iconectiv.
2004.05.018Free
2004.10.0110Free10 days is maximum possible period.
2003.07.250FreeFull mobile number portability in Ireland is a very simple and rapid process, driven by the customer. The request is made to the new operator, then automatically confirmed by SMS or a voice call using a code. It normally completes within a few minutes. Many operators can process requests automatically online through their websites. Requests can occasionally take longer, but usually no more 24 hours. Volumes of ported mobile numbers are reported in the Comreg quarterly report Before 2003, partial mobile number portability was available. Customers retained the last 7-digits of their mobile number, but changed operator prefix. Callers to the old prefix would hear an automatic announcement advising them of the new number. This service was introduced in 1997 and replaced by full portability in 2003. Where an Irish number is ported, mobile callers will hear a 'chirp' tone if they are calling a number that is not on its original network. This alerts them that call charges other networks may apply.Service handled by PortingXS via the Inports Number Portability System.
2002.04.011Free (1 to €1.6 if the subscriber wants to transfer their prepaid credit to the new carrier)The maximum time for the procedure is 24 working hours. In case of delay up to 3 working days no refund is given, if the delay is longer than 3 days user receive a refund of €2.5 for each day of delay, start counting from day 1.
2007.??.??10Free
2004.01.0128From 2016.01.01 (after rebid in 2015) NPCDB administrator VsI "Numerio perkelimas" manages NPCDB solution NUMLEX developed and installed by Mediafon.Time to port – 1 day
2005.02.011Managed by the G.I.E Telcom E.I.G. operator group and developed, installed and operated by Systor Trondheim AS.
2005.07.3104 hours is a period necessary to port a number.
2013.07.015–30FreeService handled by Mediafon Datapro. The NP Central data base (NPCDB) "NUMLEX" was developed, installed and supported by Mediafon Datapro, administrated by national NPCDB Administrator "NP Base"[62]
1999.04.??3[63]
2008.09.01The reference database was developed, installed and is operated by Seavus Group.
2001.04.015NOK 0 – 200Administrated by the National Reference Database (NRDB). The reference database was developed, installed and is operated by Systor Trondheim AS.
2006.02.??FreeTo be administrated by the National Central Database (PLI-CBD) run by Office of Electronic Communications (UKE). 30-day max porting time is to be reduced to 1 day.
2002.01.015–10Free[64] Operated by Portabil S.A. Solution implemented by Systor Trondheim AS of Norway.
2008.10.213[65] FreeDeveloped by UTI Systems based on the Porthus implementation[66]
2013.12.018[67] RUR 0–100[68] [69] CBDPN was installed.
2011.07.012Free
2004.05.014FreePortation request done in 5 days
2005.12.315EUR 55 EUR is a maximum possible price
2000.10.??1Free[70] Central database managed through the AOPM (Asociación de Operadores para la Portabilidad Móvil).
2001.09.015–6[71] [72] FreeThe largest operators formed independent company, SNPAC AB, to procure central database (CRDB) solution. Implementation of CRDB is carried out by Cap Gemini & Oracle.
2000.03.01[73] 5Free[74]
2008.11.092–6FreeAVEA and Vodafone hired Gantek to implement central database (CRDB) solution and donated it to Turkish Telecommunications Regulatory Authority. Number Portability Clearinghouse services were previously handled by iconectiv. SIM replacement required.
2019.05.011FreeParticipants: 3Mob, Lifecell, Vodafone, Kyivstar, Intertelecom[75]
2003.07.251FreeUsers in the United Kingdom are required to use a Porting Authorisation Code (PAC)[76] [77]

Middle East and Africa

CountryImplementation date
yyyy.mm.dd		Time to port
days		PriceShort notesReferences
2011.07.08FreeManaged by the Systor Cntral System.
2008.04.0724 hoursFree (may request 5 EGP for new MNP SIM fee), was charging 75 EGP beforeNPC serves the centralized administrative and provisioning role of MNP, where Giza Systems is the system integrator. Cannot revert to existing operator before 4 months of service to new operator. Porting to another operator, line should be at least 4 months old. Number Portability Clearinghouse services were previously handled by iconectiv.[78]
2011.07.07typically 5–10 min., max 24 hoursFreeCentral system operated by Porting Access Ghana, under authorisation from National Communications Authority
2016.07.103–5Free
2007.12.03up-to 30 minutesFreeService includes landline as well as mobile numbers[79]
2018The NP Central data base (NPCDB) "NUMLEX" was developed and installed by Mediafon Datapro.
2010.??.??
2011.04.01Free[80]
2013.06.151FreeThe Ministry of Telecommunications has launched the service on 2013-06-15. The project manager is the National Technology Enterprises Company www.ntec.com.kw
2019 ongoing deploymentIn 2019 Mediafon Datapro will successfully implement modern Numlex NPCDB platform.
2013.04.222FreeNCC (Nigerian Communications Commission) has adopted a phased approach to the launch of Mobile Number Portability service in Nigeria. The process to port to CDMA networks will begin as soon as the GSM porting process is completed and launched. Mobile Number Portability will initially be available among the GSM mobile operators: MTN, GLOBACOM, ETISALAT, and AIRTEL. Number Portability Clearinghouse services were previously handled by iconectiv.[81]
2006.08.26Implemented as a decentralized solution by Porthus for Nawras, and by Gulf Business Machines/Telcordia for Oman Mobile.
2020.09.201 hourFreeCannot revert to the existing operator before 3 months (for prepaid users)/6 months (for postpaid users) of service to the new operator.[82] [83]
2013.01.31Maximum 1 working day – would be activated the successive dayFree, operator can impose SIM card charges if anyThe National Numbering Committee, established by ictQATAR has taken care of the MNP management. Currently both Ooredoo and Vodafone Qatar allows Port in and Port out for Prepaid and Postpaid Services
2006.07.08FreeManaged by the Centralized Clearinghouse Approach, The implementer and system integrator is Giza Arabia. Number Portability Clearinghouse services were previously handled by iconectiv.
2015.09.01MNP goes nearly online, max −24 hoursFreeThe NP Central data base (NPCDB) "NUMLEX" was developed and installed by Mediafon Datapro, administrated by Mediafon Datapro and Comet Afrique Telecoms .Only MNP.
2006.11.10The three operators, Vodacom SA, MTN SA, and Cell C, formed an independent company for the implementation and management of the central solution. After delays, the implementation of this solution was awarded to local company Saab Grintek collaborating with iconectiv.
2017.03.01Free
2016The NP Central data base (NPCDB) "NUMLEX" was developed and installed by Mediafon Datapro, administrated by national NPCDB Administrator.
FreeNumber Portability Clearinghouse service is handled by iconectiv.

See also

Notes and References

  1. Ofcom "Decision on reforming the switching of mobile communication services", 19 December 2017
  2. Ofcom "An assessment of alternative solutions for UK number portability", 26 August 2004
  3. Ofcom "Telephone number portability for consumers switching suppliers - Concluding Statement", 29 November 2007
  4. Ofcom "Routing calls to ported telephone numbers - Statement", 1 April 2010
  5. Competition Appeal Tribunal "Vodafone Limited v Office of Communications Judgement | 2008 CAT 22", 18 September 2008
  6. Ofcom. "Changes to the Mobile Number Porting Process, Final Statement", London, 8 July 2010. Retrieved on 6 May 2013
  7. Web site: ANACOM – Enquiry services. www.anacom.pt. 6 October 2014 .
  8. http://www.comreg.ie/_fileupload/publications/ComReg1356.pdf Quarterly Key Data Report
  9. Web site: Mobile Portability in Argentina. AFTIC.gob.ar. AFTIC. 24 November 2015. es. 8 October 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151008105828/http://www.aftic.gob.ar/portabilidad-numerica_p160. dead.
  10. Web site: Argentina. 5 August 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140712214404/http://www.portabilidadnumerica.gov.ar/. 12 July 2014. dead.
  11. Web site: Portabilidad numérica.
  12. Web site: ATT confirma que el 1 de octubre entra en vigencia la portabilidad numérica en Bolivia. 5 September 2018 .
  13. Web site: ABR Telecom – Brazilian Association of Telecommunication Resources. www.abrtelecom.com.br. 3 December 2009. 6 July 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110706150649/http://www.abrtelecom.com.br/eng/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=54&Itemid=73. dead.
  14. Web site: How to Port a Mobile Number. www.wikihow.com/.
  15. Web site: Portabilidad numérica entra en vigencia este viernes – ELESPECTADOR.COM. 28 July 2011. 23 January 2014. 7 September 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170907123813/http://www.elespectador.com/tecnologia/portabilidad-numerica-entra-vigencia-viernes-articulo-287678. dead.
  16. Web site: 2020-03-09. Cambio de operador celular tardará menos de un día. 2020-06-20. RCN Radio. es.
  17. Web site: Desde el 1° de julio, el proceso de portabilidad numérica demorará menos de un día . Presidencia de la República . 2 July 2020.
  18. Web site: Chile.
  19. Web site: Dominican Republic . 30 September 2009 . 6 October 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111006175119/http://www.indotel.gob.do/noticias/noticias/este-miercoles-indotel-hara-proclama-de-inicio-de-la-portabilidad-numerica-en-rd.html . dead .
  20. Web site: La Portabilidad Numérica: Una Historia de Éxito; Otro Compromiso Cumplido . 27 August 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160107102222/http://www.siget.gob.sv/index.php/novedades/noticias/1-noticias-ciudadano/2507-la-portabilidad-numerica-una-historia-de-exito-otro-compromiso-cumplido . 7 January 2016 .
  21. Web site: Portabilidad numérica, otro compromiso cumplido por el presidente Sánchez Cerén. 27 August 2015. 28 August 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150828223113/http://www.presidencia.gob.sv/portabilidad-numerica-otro-compromiso-cumplido-por-el-presidente-sanchez-ceren/. dead.
  22. Web site: Desde el 5 de julio regirá la portabilidad numérica – La Jornada. La. Jornada. www.jornada.unam.mx.
  23. Web site: Australia . 3 December 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20091020062528/http://www.acma.gov.au/web/STANDARD//pc%3DPC_1787#20 . 20 October 2009 . dead .
  24. Web site: Sim tax is increasing from BDT 100 to BDT 200. 16 June 2019.
  25. News: 2010-11-22 . 携号转网试行 天津可双向转网 海南移动只能单向转出 . zh-cn . 中国之声 . 2012-12-29 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160306182615/http://china.cnr.cn/gdgg/201011/t20101122_507358809.html . 2016-03-06 . live.
  26. News: 2019-05-24 . 携号转网岂容运营商"强行挽留" . zh-cn . 红网 . 2019-05-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190609182220/http://views.ce.cn/view/ent/201905/24/t20190524_32171672.shtml . 2019-06-09 . live.
  27. News: 2019-11-09 . 11月10日起 "携号转网"将在全国范围开启试运行 . zh-cn . 澎湃新闻 . 2019-11-09 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210118135600/https://news.sina.com.cn/c/2019-11-09/doc-iicezzrr8377152.shtml . 2021-01-18 . live.
  28. News: 2019-11-27 . "携号转网"正式启动，工信部点名"百年套餐"等障碍 . zh-cn . 第一财经 . 2019-11-29 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201104152246/https://www.yicai.com/news/100417060.html . 2020-11-04 . live.
  29. Web site: Office of the Communications Authority – Mobile Number Portability. www.ofca.gov.hk. 24 January 2014. 21 October 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191021092253/https://www.ofca.gov.hk/en/industry_focus/telecommunications/portability/mnp/index.html. dead.
  30. Web site: Mobile Number Portability . 2023-08-11 . Telecom Regulatory Authority of India . en.
  31. Web site: National Number Portability approved: Retain your mobile number while shifting cities. Pankaj Doval. The Times of India. 25 February 2015.
  32. Web site: TRAI. 6 January 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130115030626/http://trai.gov.in/Content/RegulationUser.aspx?id=0&qid=9. 15 January 2013. dead.
  33. Web site:

    MNP Interconnection Telecom Solutions India Pvt Ltd::

    . www.mnpindia.in. 17 April 2013. 7 September 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170907122417/http://www.mnpindia.in/porting-procedure.aspx?id=0&qid=9. dead.
  34. Web site:

    MNP Interconnection Telecom Solutions India Pvt Ltd::

    . www.mnpindia.in. 16 July 2013. 10 August 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190810223621/http://mnpindia.in/know-your-porting-status.aspx. dead.
  35. Web site: Switchover/MNP (Mobile Number Portability) – How to purchase or reserve – SoftBank Shop – Mobile – SoftBank.
  36. Web site: Mobile number portability (MNP) in Japan. g_fasol. 14 September 2006.
  37. Web site: Maxis Telecommunication MNP FAQ. 30 September 2010. 29 September 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100929204255/http://maxis.com.my/mnp/faq.asp. dead.
  38. http://www.celcom.com.my/celcomexec/plans/mnp_faq.php#9 Celcom Telecommunication MNP FAQ
  39. Web site: Switch to DiGi FAQ. 30 September 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100927091939/http://www.digi.com.my/switch/faq.html. 27 September 2010. dead.
  40. Web site: MNP Malaysia-launched Nationwide in October.
  41. Web site: Maldives introduces mobile number portability. 15 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160315170943/http://www.haveeru.com.mv/business/67040. 15 March 2016. dead.
  42. Web site: Maldives launches mobile number portability. 15 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160315155539/http://www.haveeru.com.mv/business/67248. 15 March 2016. dead.
  43. Web site: Customer Guide for availing the facility of Mobile Number Portability (MNP).
  44. Web site: Mobile Number Portability MAP. MNP interactive online map..
  45. Web site: Pakistan Mobile Number Portability Database (Guarantee) Limited. pmdpk.com.
  46. Web site: Mobile number portability now available in Philippines. ABS-CBN News. 30 September 2021.
  47. http://www.techgoondu.com/2008/07/07/its-confirmed-singapore-has-incomplete-number-portability/ It's confirmed – Singapore has incomplete number portability
  48. Web site: Countries with Mobile Number Portability. 18 July 2019. XConnect. en-GB. 25 July 2019.
  49. News: https://www.ithome.com.tw/news/95306. zh:手機門號攜碼移轉程序變快：今天申請，明天就生效！. iThome. 21 September 2018. zh-hant.
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