Mitraphylline Explained

Mitraphylline, an oxindole derivative, is an active alkaloid in the leaves of the tree Mitragyna speciosa, commonly known as kratom.[1] As a non-narcotic constituent, it also occurs to a significant amount in the bark of Uncaria tomentosa (Cat's Claw) along with a number of isomeric alkaloids.[2]

Current research is focusing on antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects and its in vivo efficacy to induce apoptosis in human breast cancer, sarcoma as well as lymphoblastic leukaemia cell lines.[3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]

Notes and References

  1. Vamshi. Manda. Bharathi. Avula. Zulfiqar. Ali. Ikhlas. Khan. Evaluation of In Vitro Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) Properties of Mitragynine, 7-Hydroxymitragynine, and Mitraphylline. Planta Medica. May 2014. 0032-0943. 568–576. 80. 7. 10.1055/s-0034-1368444. 24841968. Larry. Walker. Shabana. Khan.
  2. H.. Stuppner. S.. Sturm. G.. Konwalinka. HPLC analysis of the main oxindole alkaloids from Uncaria tomentosa. Chromatographia. December 1992. 0009-5893. 597–600. 34. 11–12. 10.1007/BF02269869. 95048480 .
  3. Dolores. García Giménez. Elena García. Prado. Teresa Sáenz. Rodríguez. Angeles Fernández. Arche. Cytotoxic Effect of the Pentacyclic Oxindole Alkaloid Mitraphylline Isolated from Uncaria tomentosa Bark on Human Ewing's Sarcoma and Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Planta Medica. February 2010. 0032-0943. 133–136. 76. 2. 10.1055/s-0029-1186048. 19724995. Rocío De la. Puerta. 11441/38905 . free.
  4. Nicole. Bacher. Martin. Tiefenthaler. Sonja. Sturm. Hermann. Stuppner. Oxindole alkaloids from Uncaria tomentosa induce apoptosis in proliferating, G0/G1-arrested and bcl-2-expressing acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells. British Journal of Haematology. March 2006. 1365-2141. 615–622. 132. 5. 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05907.x. 16445836. Michael J.. Ausserlechner. Reinhard. Kofler. Günther. Konwalinka. free.
  5. Web site: Formosanan-16-carboxylic acid, 19-methyl-2-oxo-, methyl ester, (19α)- . 2023-04-15 . webbook.nist.gov . en.
  6. R.. Rojas-Duran. G.. González-Aspajo. C.. Ruiz-Martel. G.. Bourdy. Anti-inflammatory activity of Mitraphylline isolated from Uncaria tomentosa bark. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 11 October 2012. 801–804. 143. 3. 10.1016/j.jep.2012.07.015. 22846434. V. H.. Doroteo-Ortega. J.. Alban-Castillo. G.. Robert. P.. Auberger. E.. Deharo.
  7. Qian. Zhang. Jiao Jiao. Zhao. Jian. Xu. Feng. Feng. Medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Uncaria. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 15 September 2015. 48–80. 173. 10.1016/j.jep.2015.06.011. 26091967. Wei. Qu.
  8. S.. Montserrat-de la Paz. R.. de la Puerta. A.. Fernandez-Arche. A. M.. Quilez. Pharmacological effects of mitraphylline from Uncaria tomentosa in primary human monocytes: Skew toward M2 macrophages. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 21 July 2015. 128–135. 170. 10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.002. 25975515. F. J. G.. Muriana. M. D.. Garcia-Gimenez. B.. Bermudez. 10261/124399. free.

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