2012 United States presidential election in Missouri explained

See main article: 2012 United States presidential election.

Election Name:2012 United States presidential election in Missouri
Country:Missouri
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:2008 United States presidential election in Missouri
Previous Year:2008
Next Election:2016 United States presidential election in Missouri
Next Year:2016
Election Date:November 6, 2012
Image1:Mitt_Romney_by_Gage_Skidmore_6_cropped.jpg
Nominee1:Mitt Romney
Party1:Republican Party (United States)
Home State1:Massachusetts
Running Mate1:Paul Ryan
Electoral Vote1:10
Popular Vote1:1,482,440
Percentage1:53.64%
Nominee2:Barack Obama
Party2:Democratic Party (United States)
Home State2:Illinois
Running Mate2:Joe Biden
Electoral Vote2:0
Popular Vote2:1,223,796
Percentage2:44.28%
Map Size:300px
President
Before Election:Barack Obama
Before Party:Democratic Party (United States)
After Election:Barack Obama
After Party:Democratic Party (United States)

The 2012 United States presidential election in Missouri took place on November 6, 2012, as part of the 2012 United States presidential election, in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated. Missouri voters chose 10 electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote pitting incumbent Democratic President Barack Obama and his running mate, Vice President Joe Biden, against Republican challenger and former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney and his running mate, Congressman Paul Ryan.

Missouri was won by Romney, who took 53.64% of the vote to Obama's 44.28%, a margin of 9.36%. Although it was a battleground in past elections, and even a bellwether up until 2008, Missouri was and still is considered to be trending toward the GOP, having been the only long-time swing state to be won (albeit narrowly) by Republican John McCain in 2008. Consequently, the state was not heavily contested by either side in 2012, and Romney ultimately carried Missouri by the largest margin since Ronald Reagan's 1984 landslide. Romney ultimately became only the second Republican to carry Missouri and lose the presidency just four years after John McCain's narrow victory in the state, with Obama also becoming the only Democrat to ever win two terms in the White House without carrying the state either time.

Primary elections

Democratic primary

Missouri Democratic primary, February 7, 2012
CandidateVotespercentageDelegates
Barack Obama (incumbent)64,36688.39%89
Randall Terry1,9982.74%-
John Wolfe Jr.1,0001.37%-
Darcy Richardson8731.20%-
uncommitted4,5806.29%-

Republican primary

Election Name:2012 Missouri Republican presidential primary
Country:Missouri
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:2008 Missouri Republican presidential primary
Previous Year:2008
Next Election:2016 Missouri Republican presidential primary
Next Year:2016
Image1:Rick Santorum by Gage Skidmore.jpg
Candidate1:Rick Santorum
Home State1:Pennsylvania
Color1:008000
Popular Vote1:139,272
Percentage1:55.23%
Candidate2:Mitt Romney
Home State2:Massachusetts
Color2:ff6600
Popular Vote2:63,882
Percentage2:25.33%
Image3:Ron Paul by Gage Skidmore 3 (crop 2).jpg
Candidate3:Ron Paul
Home State3:Texas
Color3:ffcc00
Popular Vote3:30,647
Percentage3:12.15%
Map Size:250px

The 2012 Missouri Republican presidential primary took place on February 7[1] and the caucuses ran from March 15 to March 24, 2012,[2] except for one rescheduled for April 10. The primary election did not determine which delegates will be sent to the national convention; this is instead determined indirectly by the caucuses and directly by the Missouri Republican congressional-district conventions April 21 and the state convention June 2.[3] [4] [5]

The unusual situation of having both the primary election and the caucus for the same party in the same election year in Missouri arose as a result of a change in the nominating rules of the Republican Party. State primaries in Missouri were previously held in early February. In September 2008, the Republican National Committee adopted a set of rules which included a provision that no states except Iowa, New Hampshire, South Carolina, and Nevada were allowed to begin the process of delegate selection (including binding primary elections) before the first Tuesday in March of an election year.[6] In 2011, the Republican-controlled Missouri General Assembly attempted to move the primary election to mid-March, but the bill was vetoed by Democratic Governor Jay Nixon because of a provision limiting his power to fill vacancies in statewide elected offices. In a compromise solution, it was decided that Republican primary election would be made non-binding and instead delegates would be nominated by separate caucuses in late March, a move estimated to cost the state $7–8 million.[7]

This marks the first time since 1996 that Missouri Republicans used a caucus system to nominate delegates to the Republican National Convention.

Primary

The primary was not to affect the selection of Missouri's delegates to the 2012 Republican National Convention, so it had no official effect on the nomination and was widely described beforehand as a "beauty contest". However it was seen as an opportunity for Rick Santorum to face off against Mitt Romney due to the absence of Newt Gingrich, who missed the filing deadline[8] and was not on the ballot. Santorum was the only candidate to actively campaign in the state ahead of the primary.[9]

The primary election was won by Santorum, who also won the Colorado and Minnesota Republican caucuses held that day.[10]

There were 326,438 total votes cast by party ballot[11] (including votes for Democratic, Libertarian and Constitution Party candidates),[12] a turnout of 7.99%[13] of 4,085,582 registered voters. Noting the low Republican turnout, NPR found voters apathetic because the primary was nonbinding.[14]

2012 Missouri Republican primary[15]
CandidateVotesPercentage
Rick Santorum139,27255.23%
Mitt Romney63,88225.33%
Ron Paul30,64712.15%
Uncommitted9,8533.91%
Rick Perry2,4560.97%
Herman Cain2,3060.91%
Michele Bachmann1,6800.67%
Jon Huntsman1,0440.41%
Gary Johnson5360.21%
Michael J. Meehan3560.14%
Keith Drummond1530.06%
Totals252,185100.00%
Key:Withdrew prior to contest.
[16]

Caucuses

The county caucuses elect delegates to congressional district conventions and the Missouri Republican Party state convention, which in turn elect 49 of Missouri's 52 delegates to the national convention.[17] However, no straw poll is released to indicate levels of support to the general public. According to the state party, "Caucus-goers will be voting for delegates, and with few exceptions, these delegates will not be bound to a particular candidate. Because there is no vote on candidate preference, neither the Missouri GOP nor any election authority will have or release any data regarding the 'winner' of the caucuses."[18]

Despite the nonbinding nature of the February primary, caucuses had the option to use its result as the basis for delegate allocation. Santorum was to appear personally at some caucuses, which The New York Times described as "part of the campaign's county-by-county strategy to try to outflank Mr. Romney and catch him in the delegate race".[19]

Results

The county caucuses elect delegates to the congressional district conventions and the state convention. Delegates to the national convention will be elected at each of those conventions. Typically, the body of a caucus votes on slates of delegates prepared by leaders of factions and coalitions within the caucus.

The following table shows who won the majority or plurality of delegates for each county according to available unofficial reports.

=By number of counties won

=

CandidateCounties
Rick Santorum83
Mitt Romney17
Ron Paul11
Newt Gingrich4
Uncommitted0
Unknown0
Total115
=By county

=

CountyWinnerDelegates [20] DistrictSource
AdairRomney96th[21]
AndrewSantorum86th
AtchisonSantorum36th
AudrainSantorum74th
BarryRomney147th[22] [23]
BartonSantorum74th
BatesSantorum74th
BentonSantorum94th
BollingerSantorum68th
BoonePaul534th[24] [25] [26]
BuchananRomney286th[27] [28]
ButlerSantorum178th
CaldwellRomney46th[29]
CallawayRomney173rd[30]
CamdenSantorum123rd[31]
Cape GirardeauSantorum368th[32]
CarrollSantorum56th
CarterSantorum38th[33]
CassSantorum434th[34]
CedarSantorum64th
CharitonSantorum46th[35]
ChristianSantorum377th[36]
ClarkSantorum36th
ClayRomney23+555th, 6th[37]
ClintonRomney96th[38]
ColeRomney353rd
CooperSantorum84th
CrawfordSantorum98th
DadeSantorum54th
DallasRomney74th
DaviessSantorum46th
DeKalbSantorum56th
DentSantorum78th
DouglasPaul78th
DunklinSantorum118th
FranklinPaul403rd[39]
GasconadeSantorum73rd
GentrySantorum36th
GreenePaul1117th
GrundyPaul56th[40]
HarrisonRomney46th[41]
HenrySantorum94th
HickorySantorum54th
HoltSantorum36th
HowardSantorum44th
HowellSantorum168th
IronSantorum38th
JacksonPaul144+355th, 6th[42] [43]
JasperSantorum467th[44]
JeffersonSantorum15+39+192nd, 3rd, 8th[45] [46]
JohnsonSantorum184th
KnoxSantorum26th
LacledePaul164th
LafayetteRomney145th[47]
LawrenceSantorum177th[48]
LewisSantorum46th
LincolnSantorum193rd[49]
LinnSantorum56th
LivingstonGingrich66th[50]
MaconSantorum76th
MadisonSantorum58th
MariesSantorum53rd
MarionSantorum126th
McDonaldSantorum87th
MercerSantorum26th
MillerRomney123rd
MississippiSantorum58th
MoniteauSantorum74th
MonroeSantorum46th
MontgomerySantorum53rd
MorganSantorum84th
New MadridSantorum78th
NewtonSantorum267th
NodawayPaul86th
OregonSantorum48th[51]
OsageSantorum83rd
OzarkSantorum58th
PemiscotSantorum68th
PerryGingrich88th
PettisRomney164th[52]
PhelpsRomney178th[53]
PikeSantorum76th
PlatteGingrich356th[54]
PolkSantorum137th
PulaskiSantorum144th
PutnamSantorum36th
RallsSantorum56th
RandolphRomney104th[55]
RaySantorum85th
ReynoldsSantorum38th
RipleySantorum58th
St. CharlesPaul59+882nd, 3rd[56]
St. ClairSantorum54th
St. FrancoisSantorum198th[57]
St. LouisRomney [58] 67+2501st, 2nd[59]
Saint Louis (city)Paul361st
Sainte GenevieveSantorum68th
SalineSantorum85th[60]
SchuylerSantorum26th
ScotlandSantorum26th
ScottSantorum178th
ShannonSantorum38th
ShelbySantorum46th
StoddardRomney148th[61]
StoneSantorum167th
SullivanSantorum36th
TaneyPaul227th[62]
TexasGingrich118th
VernonSantorum84th
WarrenSantorum133rd
WashingtonSantorum78th
WayneSantorum68th
WebsterSantorum11+44th, 7th
WorthSantorum26th
WrightSantorum98th

Notes

Controversies

There were controversies surrounding the caucuses in Clay and Cass counties. The Missouri Republican Party ruled later that the slates of delegates elected at those caucuses were valid.[63] A do-over caucus was required in St. Charles County after the first attempt disbanded over a rules dispute.[64] Controversy also arose at the Jefferson County caucus, and a challenge was filed but later withdrawn.[65]

District and state conventions

The following table shows who won the national delegates for each congressional district and statewide.

Convention results[66] [67] [68] [69]
Candidate1st2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8thStateParty
leaders		Total
Mitt Romney1123011319031
Rick Santorum121001206013
Ron Paul10003000004
Newt Gingrich00000100001
Uncommitted00000000033
Total 2425352

General election

Results

2012 United States presidential election in Missouri[70]
PartyCandidateRunning mateVotesPercentageElectoral votes
RepublicanMitt RomneyPaul Ryan1,482,44053.64%10
DemocraticBarack Obama (incumbent)Joe Biden (incumbent)1,223,79644.28%0
LibertarianJim Gray43,1511.57%0
ConstitutionVirgil GoodeJim Clymer7,9360.29%0
Totals2,757,323100.00%10

Results by county

CountyMitt Romney
Republican		Barack Obama
Democratic		Various candidates
Other parties		MarginTotal
%%%%
Adair5,65155.81%4,21941.67%2562.52%1,43214.14%10,126
Andrew5,45765.42%2,64931.76%2352.82%2,80833.66%8,341
Atchison1,90270.21%75627.91%511.88%1,14642.30%2,709
Audrain6,18661.97%3,53935.45%2572.58%2,64726.52%9,982
Barry9,83271.22%3,66726.56%3072.22%6,16544.66%13,806
Barton4,41876.89%1,23021.41%981.70%3,18855.48%5,746
Bates5,02064.60%2,55732.90%1942.50%2,46331.70%7,771
Benton6,06966.28%2,92531.94%1631.78%3,14434.34%9,157
Bollinger4,09575.05%1,21322.23%1482.72%2,88252.82%5,456
Boone37,40447.10%39,84750.17%2,1712.73%-2,443-3.07%79,422
Buchanan18,66053.15%15,59444.42%8522.43%3,0668.73%35,106
Butler12,24872.52%4,36325.83%2781.65%7,88546.69%16,889
Caldwell2,72165.30%1,31231.49%1343.21%1,40933.81%4,167
Callaway11,74564.42%6,07133.30%4162.28%5,67431.12%18,232
Camden15,09268.55%6,45829.33%4652.12%8,63439.22%22,015
Cape Girardeau25,37070.81%9,72827.15%7312.04%15,64243.66%35,829
Carroll3,07271.38%1,15426.81%781.81%1,91844.57%4,304
Carter1,97870.67%75426.94%672.39%1,22443.73%2,799
Cass30,91262.95%17,04434.71%1,1482.34%13,86828.24%49,104
Cedar4,37672.39%1,53725.43%1322.18%2,83946.96%6,045
Chariton2,40262.86%1,33935.04%802.10%1,06327.82%3,821
Christian27,47372.37%9,81325.85%6781.78%17,66046.52%37,964
Clark1,73053.64%1,39843.35%973.01%33210.29%3,225
Clay56,19152.99%47,31044.61%2,5422.40%8,8818.38%106,043
Clinton5,93160.15%3,68837.40%2422.45%2,24322.75%9,861
Cole24,49065.85%12,00532.28%6951.87%12,48533.57%37,190
Cooper4,88765.06%2,47432.94%1502.00%2,41332.12%7,511
Crawford6,43467.17%2,95130.81%1942.02%3,48336.36%9,579
Dade2,89574.31%93924.10%621.59%1,95650.21%3,896
Dallas4,99268.58%2,12229.15%1652.27%2,87039.43%7,279
Daviess2,29065.04%1,12531.95%1063.01%1,16533.09%3,521
DeKalb3,05670.25%1,19427.45%1002.30%1,86242.80%4,350
Dent4,88373.20%1,58523.76%2033.04%3,29849.44%6,671
Douglas4,64970.90%1,71026.08%1983.02%2,93944.82%6,557
Dunklin6,85064.31%3,63634.14%1651.55%3,21430.17%10,651
Franklin29,39662.64%16,34734.83%1,1862.53%13,04927.81%46,929
Gasconade4,89568.62%2,09929.42%1401.96%2,79639.20%7,134
Gentry1,98866.29%93731.24%742.47%1,05135.05%2,999
Greene76,90060.83%46,21936.56%3,3002.61%30,68124.27%126,419
Grundy3,03069.27%1,21227.71%1323.02%1,81841.56%4,374
Harrison2,62471.01%98426.63%872.36%1,64044.38%3,695
Henry6,22961.18%3,60635.42%3473.40%2,62325.76%10,182
Hickory2,83560.58%1,73337.03%1122.39%1,10223.55%4,680
Holt1,72574.68%55123.85%341.47%1,17450.83%2,310
Howard3,01761.99%1,72335.40%1272.61%1,29426.59%4,867
Howell11,54470.62%4,39526.89%4072.49%7,14943.73%16,346
Iron2,25255.87%1,66941.40%1102.73%58314.47%4,031
Jackson122,70839.32%183,95358.95%5,4001.73%-61,245-19.63%312,061
Jasper31,34969.33%12,80928.33%1,0602.34%18,54041.00%45,218
Jefferson53,97855.07%41,56442.40%2,4822.53%12,41412.67%98,024
Johnson12,76360.72%7,66736.47%5912.81%5,09624.25%21,021
Knox1,20561.57%69835.67%542.76%50725.90%1,957
Laclede10,93470.84%4,09326.52%4082.64%6,84144.32%15,435
Lafayette9,80361.79%5,65535.64%4082.57%4,14826.15%15,866
Lawrence11,42172.49%4,01725.50%3172.01%7,40446.99%15,755
Lewis2,67762.56%1,50835.24%942.20%1,16927.32%4,279
Lincoln14,33262.93%7,73433.96%7103.11%6,59828.97%22,776
Linn3,34460.25%2,04136.77%1652.98%1,30323.48%5,550
Livingston4,00666.17%1,90631.48%1422.35%2,10034.69%6,054
Macon4,70165.66%2,30932.25%1502.09%2,39233.41%7,160
Madison3,22765.46%1,58832.21%1152.33%1,63933.25%4,930
Maries3,16569.74%1,29928.62%741.64%1,86641.12%4,538
Marion7,92365.17%4,03133.16%2041.67%3,89232.01%12,158
McDonald5,69472.84%1,92024.56%2032.60%3,77448.28%7,817
Mercer1,25575.83%35321.33%472.84%90254.50%1,655
Miller8,09973.31%2,65124.00%2982.69%5,44849.31%11,048
Mississippi2,99760.91%1,85837.76%651.33%1,13923.15%4,920
Moniteau4,70473.01%1,60824.96%1312.03%3,09648.05%6,443
Monroe2,56463.20%1,39834.46%952.34%1,16628.74%4,057
Montgomery3,49065.31%1,74032.56%1142.13%1,75032.75%5,344
Morgan5,73365.99%2,77331.92%1822.09%2,96034.07%8,688
New Madrid4,28459.09%2,81438.81%1522.10%1,47020.28%7,250
Newton18,18172.17%6,42525.50%5872.33%11,75646.67%25,193
Nodaway5,59362.31%3,17235.34%2112.35%2,42126.97%8,976
Oregon2,88665.28%1,41932.10%1162.62%1,46733.18%4,421
Osage5,32977.02%1,47321.29%1171.69%3,85655.73%6,919
Ozark3,08069.17%1,26128.32%1122.51%1,81940.85%4,453
Pemiscot3,59856.80%2,67142.16%661.04%92714.64%6,335
Perry5,66970.98%2,18427.34%1341.68%3,48543.64%7,987
Pettis10,84263.13%5,90434.38%4292.49%4,93828.75%17,175
Phelps11,89565.05%5,79831.71%5933.24%6,09733.34%18,286
Pike4,57762.52%2,58235.27%1622.21%1,99527.25%7,321
Platte25,61856.04%19,17541.95%9172.01%6,44314.09%45,710
Polk9,25270.52%3,58027.29%2872.19%5,67243.23%13,119
Pulaski9,09267.00%4,19930.94%2802.06%4,89336.06%13,571
Putnam1,67372.46%58725.42%492.12%1,08647.04%2,309
Ralls3,23164.16%1,73634.47%691.37%1,49529.69%5,036
Randolph6,66766.84%3,03130.39%2772.77%3,63636.45%9,975
Ray5,81556.09%4,27541.24%2772.67%1,54014.85%10,367
Reynolds1,93160.31%1,15736.13%1143.56%77424.18%3,202
Ripley3,74371.12%1,39626.52%1242.36%2,34744.60%5,263
Saline5,10456.04%3,79041.61%2142.35%1,31414.43%9,108
Schuyler1,17460.55%69735.95%683.50%47724.60%1,939
Scotland1,24664.36%64333.21%472.43%60331.15%1,936
Scott11,62368.37%5,12230.13%2541.50%6,50138.24%16,999
Shannon2,26261.27%1,30235.27%1283.46%96026.00%3,692
Shelby2,18867.70%96629.89%782.41%1,22237.81%3,232
St. Charles110,78459.44%71,83838.55%3,7442.01%38,94620.89%186,366
St. Clair3,01965.26%1,46031.56%1473.18%1,55933.70%4,626
St. Francois13,24858.35%8,82938.89%6282.76%4,41919.46%22,705
St. Louis224,74242.39%297,09756.04%8,2771.57%-72,355-13.65%530,116
St. Louis City22,94315.93%118,78082.45%2,3431.62%-95,837-66.52%144,066
Ste. Genevieve4,05550.25%3,81347.25%2022.50%2423.00%8,070
Stoddard9,49673.81%3,15324.51%2171.68%6,34349.30%12,866
Stone11,78773.45%3,92324.45%3372.10%7,86449.00%16,047
Sullivan1,61062.04%90834.99%772.97%70227.05%2,595
Taney15,74672.44%5,47925.20%5132.36%10,26747.24%21,738
Texas7,61870.77%2,87126.67%2752.56%4,74744.10%10,764
Vernon5,75867.57%2,58030.28%1832.15%3,17837.29%8,521
Warren9,15062.35%5,21935.56%3072.09%3,93126.79%14,676
Washington5,07158.32%3,41739.30%2072.38%1,65419.02%8,695
Wayne3,79066.26%1,81331.70%1172.04%1,97734.56%5,720
Webster10,70869.10%4,40928.45%3792.45%6,29940.65%15,496
Worth66463.36%34132.54%434.10%32330.82%1,048
Wright5,83073.29%1,95324.55%1722.16%3,87748.74%7,955
Totals1,482,44053.64%1,223,79644.28%57,4532.08%258,6449.36%2,763,689

Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican

By congressional district

Romney won 6 of 8 congressional districts.[71]

DistrictRomneyObamaRepresentative
18.9%79.87%Lacy Clay
57.14%41.44%Ann Wagner
62%36%Blaine Luetkemeyer
61.24%36.41%Vicky Hartzler
39.36%58.9%Emanuel Cleaver
60%37.9%Sam Graves
67.56%30.34%Billy Long
65.88%32%Jo Ann Emerson

Analysis

As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last time Missouri was decided by a single-digit margin. In addition, this was the first time since 1900 that Missouri was not carried by the victor of the presidential contest two times consecutively, after Obama had failed to win the state in 2008, as well as the first time since 1900 when the overall loser of the presidential election won the state by a margin larger than 1% of the statewide vote. Thus, the 2012 election seemingly marked the end of Missouri's swing state status. Obama is the only president of either party since William McKinley to win two terms in the White House without carrying Missouri either time. This election also remains the only time in history that a Democrat was elected twice to the presidency without ever carrying Missouri.

Obama became the first Democrat since 1960 to win without Buchanan, Iron, and Washington counties; the first since 1916 without Jefferson County; and the first since 1944 without St. Genevieve County.

Obama carried only three counties and the City of St. Louis. He carried Boone County, home to Columbia and the University of Missouri; Jackson County, where most of Kansas City is located; and St. Louis County, home to many St. Louis suburbs. While Obama won many counties in the St. Louis metropolitan area in 2008 such as Iron, Jefferson, Ste. Genevieve, and Washington counties, the Republicans won them in this election, all but Ste. Genevieve by comfortable margins.[72]

See also

External links

for Missouri

Major state elections in chronological order

Notes and References

  1. News: Primary and Caucus Printable Calendar. CNN. January 11, 2012.
  2. https://www.stltoday.com/news/state-and-regional/missouri/dates-for-some-mo-presidential-caucuses-changed/article_8e60de1e-f0b4-5d00-ab79-9e1ca9839511.html Dates for some Mo. presidential caucuses changed
  3. Web site: 2012 Primary Schedule « 2012 Election Central. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120106020757/http://www.2012presidentialelectionnews.com/2012-republican-primary-schedule. January 6, 2012. 2012-02-08. 2012presidentialelectionnews.com.
  4. Web site: MOGOP votes to go to caucus system for selecting delegates to national convention. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120220053535/http://www.mogop.org/2011/09/5713/. 2012-02-20. April 2, 2012. MOGOP.org.
  5. Web site: Missouri Republican State Committee 2012 Call to Convention. April 22, 2012.
  6. Web site: The Rules of the Republican Party, As Adopted by the 2008 Republican National Convention, September 1, 2008. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20101007113018/http://www.gop.com/images/legal/2008_RULES_Adopted.pdf. October 7, 2010. October 3, 2010. mdy-all.
  7. Web site: Brown. Tony. March 1, 2012. Caucus is real deal for county GOP. March 16, 2012. Maryville Daily Forum.
  8. Web site: Newt Gingrich fails to get on Missouri ballot – Political Hotsheet. 2012-02-08. CBS News.
  9. Web site: Wagman. Jake. February 7, 2012. Polls open until 7 p.m. for Missouri's 'beauty contest' today. March 15, 2012. St. Louis Post-Dispatch.
  10. News: 2012-01-31. Santorum wins Missouri primary, getting bragging rights but no delegates for GOP nomination. 2012-02-08. The Washington Post.
  11. Web site: 2012-02-06. Low turnout expected. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120209215611/http://www.chillicothenews.com/news/x392613251/Low-turnout-expected. 2012-02-09. 2012-03-18. Chillicothe Constitution-Tribune. Chillicothenews.com.
  12. Web site: Statewide Candidate Results. March 7, 2012. MO Secretary of State.
  13. Web site: Unofficial Voter Turnout. March 7, 2012. MO Secretary of State.
  14. Web site: Greenblatt. Alan. February 7, 2012. Why Missouri Voters Have The 'Beauty Contest' Blues. March 15, 2012. It's All Politics. NPR.
  15. Web site: Google Politics & Elections. 2012-02-08.
  16. Web site: February 28, 2012. State of Missouri Presidential Preference Primary – Presidential Preference Primary. February 28, 2012. Missouri Secretary of State.
  17. Web site: March 2, 2012. In Missouri, caucus results will have to wait. March 9, 2012. St. Louis Post-Dispatch.
  18. Web site: King. Neil Jr.. March 15, 2012. Missouri's Big Caucuses This Weekend Will Show Very Little. March 16, 2012. The Wall Street Journal.
  19. News: Zeleny. Jeff. March 16, 2012. In Missouri, the G.O.P. Fight For Delegates Enters Round 2 (Post-Beauty Contest). The New York Times. March 19, 2012.
  20. Web site: Document of Allocation. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120329090044/http://www.mogop.org/docs/sc2012/sc2012_allocation.pdf. 2012-03-29. March 25, 2012.
  21. Web site: Adair County sending mostly uncommitted delegates to Missouri GOP conventions. March 23, 2012.
  22. Web site: Confusion Wins In Missouri's 'Chaotic' Caucus Process. . March 23, 2012.
  23. Web site: New Romney Web Ad: "Our Favorite" (Comment #35). dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120319190908/http://race42012.com/2012/03/17/new-romney-web-ad-our-favorite/#comment-1195925. March 19, 2012. March 23, 2012.
  24. Web site: Cushman. Hannah. Williams. Jaime. March 17, 2012. Boone County Caucus sends on slate of Paul supporters. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120405073842/http://www.columbiamissourian.com/stories/2012/03/17/boone-county-caucus-sends-slate-paul-supporters/. 2012-04-05. March 25, 2012. The Columbia Missourian.
  25. Web site: Silvey. Janese. March 18, 2012. Ron Paul supporters carry county caucus. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120321081848/http://www.columbiatribune.com/news/2012/mar/17/ron-paul-supporters-carry-county-caucus/. 2012-03-21. March 25, 2012. Columbia Daily Tribune.
  26. Web site: Caucus chaos may have cost Santorum in Missouri. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120322201343/http://www.news-leader.com/article/20120320/NEWS11/303200045/Missouri-Republican-presidential-caucuses-Santorum-Romney-Paul. March 22, 2012. March 20, 2012.
  27. Web site: Caucus sees large turnout. March 23, 2012.
  28. Web site: (Update) Vote Counting Glitch Slows GOP Caucus. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303204558/http://www.stjosephpost.com/2012/03/17/buchanan-county-gop-caucus/. March 3, 2016. March 23, 2012.
  29. Web site: Confusion, conflict mar local caucus. dead. https://archive.today/20120905030730/http://www.mycaldwellcounty.com/news/article_2280ac4e-7299-11e1-819d-001a4bcf6878.html. September 5, 2012. March 23, 2012. and email.
  30. Web site: Record turnout for Republican caucus. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150403030354/http://www.fultonsun.com/news/2012/mar/18/record-turnout-republican-caucus/. 2015-04-03. March 23, 2012. and phone call.
  31. Web site: Camden County Republicans choose Santorum. dead. https://archive.today/20130128034211/http://www.lakenewsonline.com/news/x1831802498/Camden-County-Republicans-choose-Santorum. January 28, 2013. March 23, 2012.
  32. Web site: 'Purest form of democracy': Cape County Republicans hold caucus that largely backs Santorum. March 23, 2012.
  33. Web site: Election commission certifies March 6 primary results. March 23, 2012.
  34. Web site: Cass County Caucus Slate Draws Fire. March 23, 2012.
  35. News: In Missouri, the G.O.P. Fight for Delegates Enters Round 2 (Post-Beauty Contest). . March 17, 2012 . March 23, 2012. Zeleny . Jeff .
  36. Web site: Missouri Caucus Anecdotes: Arguments, Arrests, and a Good Day for Ron Paul. . March 19, 2012.
  37. Web site: Helling. Dave. March 17, 2012. Missouri caucuses marked by contention, with no clear victor yet. March 25, 2012. Kansas City Star.
  38. Web site: Clinton County goes non-binding. March 23, 2012.
  39. Web site: March 17, 2012. Franklin County GOP Caucus Selects Combined Paul-Romney Slate. April 1, 2012. KLPW.
  40. Unconfirmed, based on eyewitnesses.
  41. Web site: Republicans choose delegates to district and state conventions. March 23, 2012.
  42. Web site: Ron Paul gets most delegates from GOP caucuses in Jackson County, St. Louis. March 24, 2012. Kansas City Star.
  43. Web site: Currier. Joel. March 24, 2012. Ron Paul supporters dominate GOP caucuses in St. Louis, Jackson County. March 25, 2012. St. Louis Post-Dispatch.
  44. Web site: Santorum receives support in Jasper, Newton counties. March 23, 2012.
  45. Web site: Boxer. Sarah B.. March 27, 2012. Romney and Paul allege 'dirty tricks' by Santorum supporters. April 1, 2012. Political Hotsheet.
  46. Web site: Wagman. Jake. March 27, 2012. More caucus concern: Romney, Ron Paul ask Jeff. Co. results be thrown out. April 1, 2012. St. Louis Post-Dispatch.
  47. Web site: Chaos at the Caucus. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120712235224/http://flyovercountry.org/2012/03/chaos-at-the-caucus/. July 12, 2012. March 23, 2012. mdy-all.
  48. Web site: GOP caucuses draw crowds. March 23, 2012. April 6, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150406110528/http://www.cassville-democrat.com/story/1828336.html. dead.
  49. Web site: Breaking: Election Fraud in LINCOLN Co. Missouri Caucus. March 23, 2012.
  50. Web site: Livingston County elects GOP delegates. dead. https://archive.today/20120721165544/http://www.chillicothenews.com/news/x1612629906/Livingston-County-elects-GOP-delegates?zc_p=1. July 21, 2012. March 23, 2012.
  51. Web site: Oregon County Republicans hear from sheriff candidate. March 23, 2012. March 24, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120324181503/http://www.areawidenews.com/story/1828224.html. dead.
  52. Web site: Pettis Republicans select 16 candidates to future caucuses. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120321205656/http://www.sedaliademocrat.com/articles/pettis-41925-republicans-district.html. 2012-03-21. March 23, 2012. Mixed slate, probably all.
  53. News: Romney and Paul Team Up, Try to Snatch Santorum's Missouri Delegates. . March 20, 2012 . March 23, 2012. Jacobs . Ben .
  54. Web site: March 18, 2012. How to Caucus 101. March 25, 2012. Andrea's Blog.
  55. Web site: Republicans conduct caucus. March 23, 2012.
  56. Web site: Salter. Jim. April 10, 2012. St. Charles County do-over caucus backs Paul. April 11, 2012. www.deseretnews.com.
  57. Web site: St. Francois Co. Republicans Caucus. March 24, 2012.
  58. A separate caucus was held in each township.
  59. Web site: March 17, 2012. Caucus sites and background. March 26, 2012.
  60. Web site: SALINE COUNTY REPUBLICAN CAUCUS 3/17/12. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160306010414/http://www.kmmo.com/localnews/saline-county-republican-caucus-3-17-12/12575635. 2016-03-06. March 24, 2012.
  61. Web site: Republicans elect 14 delegates. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150405091310/http://www.dailystatesman.com/story/1827646.html. April 5, 2015. March 24, 2012. mdy-all.
  62. Web site: Caucus goes to Ron Paul. March 24, 2012.
  63. Web site: April 20, 2012. Mo. GOP Rejects Clay, Cass Republican Caucus Challenges. April 21, 2012. msnbc.com.
  64. Web site: April 11, 2012. Ron Paul wins do-over St. Charles County caucus. March 15, 2016. stltoday.com.
  65. Web site: April 7, 2012. Jefferson County GOP Caucus Update. March 15, 2016. jcpenknife.wordpress.com.
  66. Web site: April 21, 2012. MOGOP releases unofficial results of the Congressional District Conventions. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120427075649/http://www.mogop.org/2012/04/6241/. April 27, 2012. April 23, 2012. mogop.org. Missouri Republican State Committee. dmy-all.
  67. Web site: Lieb. David A.. April 21, 2012. Romney carries half of Mo. delegates at stake. April 23, 2012. ap.org. Associated Press.
  68. http://www.nola.com/newsflash/index.ssf/story/romney-wins-majority-of-mo-presidential-delegates/ee67bfbf01884a1887ca2d9535db0f85{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
  69. Web site: Archived copy. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20130720014459/https://www.stlbeacon.org/#!/content/25373/mogop_convention_060212. 2013-07-20. 2013-04-10.
  70. Web site: Missouri Secretary of State . 2012-11-10 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130130183440/http://enr.sos.mo.gov/ENR/Views/TabularData.aspx?TabSRace=SpecifyARace%5ERaces%5E0%5E0%5E0%5EPresident%2C%20Vice%20President%5E011656688155 . January 30, 2013 . dead . mdy-all .
  71. Web site: Daily Kos Elections' statewide election results by congressional and legislative districts. Daily Kos. 11 August 2020.
  72. Web site: Missouri - Election Results 2008 - The New York Times. 2020-09-02. www.nytimes.com.

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