| Mississippi National River and Recreation Area | |
| Map: | Minnesota#USA |
| Relief: | 1 |
| Location: | Minnesota, United States |
| Nearest City: | Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota |
| Coordinates: | 44.8733°N -93.0188°W |
| Coords Ref: | [1] |
| Area: | 53775acres |
| Established: | November 18, 1988 |
| Visitation Num: | 127,635 |
| Visitation Year: | 2015 |
| Visitation Ref: | [2] |
| Governing Body: | National Park Service along with other private organizations. |
| Website: | Mississippi National River and Recreation Area |
The Mississippi National River and Recreation Area is a 72miles and 54000acres protected corridor along the Mississippi River through Minneapolis–Saint Paul in the U.S. state of Minnesota, from the cities of Dayton and Ramsey to just downstream of Hastings. This stretch of the upper Mississippi River includes natural, historical, recreational, cultural, scenic, scientific, and economic resources of national significance. This area is the only national park site dedicated exclusively to the Mississippi River. The Mississippi National River and Recreation Area is sometimes abbreviated as MNRRA (often pronounced like "minn-ruh") or MISS, the four-letter code the National Park Service assigned to the area. The Mississippi National River and Recreation Area is classified as one of four national rivers in the United States, and despite its name is technically not one of the 40 national recreation areas.
The Mississippi National River and Recreation Area was established in 1988 as a new unique type of national park known as a partnership park. Unlike traditional national parks, the National Park Service is not a major land owner and therefore does control the land use. The National Park Service works in partnership with several partners (e.g., local, state, and federal governments, nonprofits, businesses, educational institutions, and individual people) who own land along the river or have an interest in the Mississippi River to achieve the National Park Service's mission to protect and preserve for future generations. Some of the park's most prominent attractions are the St. Anthony Falls Historic District (including Mill City Museum, the Guthrie Theater, the Stone Arch Bridge, and Mill Ruins Park), Fort Snelling and the adjacent Fort Snelling State Park, Minnehaha Falls, and the Winchell Trail. There are many additional attractions, trails, and programs in the Minneapolis–St. Paul metropolitan area. The park spans Anoka, Dakota, Hennepin, Ramsey, and Washington Counties, all within the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area.
As of 2016, the area has two visitor centers, one inside the Science Museum of Minnesota in St. Paul and the other at Upper St. Anthony Falls Lock and Dam in Minneapolis, both staffed by National Park Service rangers. The Minneapolis visitor center offers three free tours daily of the Upper Saint Anthony Lock and surrounding area. Each year, the rangers manage community activities, including interpretive sessions, bike rides, and movies, to educate the local community about the area's natural and human history.
The Mississippi National River and Recreation Area is between River Miles 879 and 806. The National Park Service categorizes it into five approximate sections:[3]
The park's website lists the following locations or features as partner sites.[4]
| Partner Site | River Mile | Management Level[5] | Managing Body | Area | Date Opened to Public | Summary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akin Riverside Park http://www.ci.anoka.mn.us/index.asp?Type=B_BASIC&SEC=%7B6DFA3A0E-5496-4331-B8C6-02B5DCFBC3F7%7D&DE=%7BD44A9132-029F-4BF2-B1B5-68DCF56D6259%7D | 45.1947°N -93.3911°W | City | City of Anoka Parks & Recreation | NaN6.5 | Interprets Anoka city history just above the mouth of the Rum River. The 1914 Windego Park Auditorium/Open Air Theater is on the NRHP. | |
| Ard Godfrey House http://www.womansclub.org/club/scripts/section/section.asp?NS=AGH | 44.9886°N -93.2567°W | City | Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board, The Woman's Club of Minneapolis | 1979 | Built 1849, the oldest wood-frame house in Minneapolis. | |
45.0889°N -93.2761°W | County/Non-profit | Anoka County Parks | 1988 | A renovated 1847 inn, once a way station on the Red River Ox Cart Trail. (Until April 2022, the home of Banfill-Locke Center for the Arts, now the North Suburban Center for the Arts https://www.northsuburbanarts.org/.) Located in Manomin County Park. | ||
| Battle Creek Regional Park | 44.9408°N -93.0047°W | County | Ramsey County Parks and Recreation | NaN1840 | 1925[6] | Park comprises three parcels, including a ravine where Dakotas won a battle against Ojibwe intent on attacking Kaposia village in 1842. |
| Bohemian Flats | unknown 44.9753°N -93.2414°W | City | Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board | unknown | 1867 | Park on the west bank of the Mississippi River near the University of Minnesota that was the former site of a shanty town in the city's early history. |
| Boom Island Park https://web.archive.org/web/20020126082422/http://www.minneapolisparks.org/default.asp?PageID=4&parkid=264 | 854.8 44.9936°N -93.2692°W | City | Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board | NaN22.5[7] | 1987 | Once the site of log booms to sort lumber to the owning sawmill, this former island features a marina, riverboat tours, and an ornamental lighthouse. |
44.9183°N -93.1122°W | City | St. Paul Parks and Recreation | N/A | 2007 | Kiln ruins and shale quarries remain from a brickmaking company that operated from 1894 to the 1970s. Fossil collecting and ice climbing are allowed in the quarries with a permit. Part of Lilydale Regional Park. | |
44.9531°N -93.0747°W | City | St. Paul Parks and Recreation | NaN29 | 2005 | Rehabilitated from a former trainyard and industrial site. Includes Wakan Tipi/Carver's Cave. | |
44.8993°N -104.77°W | Federal | National Park Service | N/A | 2012 | Natural spring and restored prairie site formerly known as Camp Coldwater, located in the Fort Snelling unorganized territory in Hennepin County. | |
| Coon Rapids Dam Regional Park (East) https://web.archive.org/web/20110224025607/http://www.anokacountyparks.com/parks/coon_rapids_dam_regional_park/about.html | 865–867.7 45.1486°N -93.3078°W | County | Anoka County Parks | NaN446 | 1994[8] | Features pedestrians and non-motorized traffic access to the 1913 Coon Rapids Dam, plus river and lake fishing and a visitor center. |
| Coon Rapids Dam Regional Park (West) http://www.threeriversparks.org/parks/coon-rapids-dam.aspx | 865–867.7 45.1447°N -93.3206°W | Park district | NaN160 | 1969 | Features pedestrians and non-motorized traffic access to the 1913 Coon Rapids Dam, plus a visitor center. | |
| Crosby Farm Regional Park http://www.ci.stpaul.mn.us/Facilities.aspx?page=detail&RID=26 | 842.3–845.4 44.8981°N -93.1631°W | City | St. Paul Parks and Recreation | NaN736 | 1962 | Restored bottomland hardwood forest and wetlands that were farmed from 1858 to 1962. Hiking trails and location of the Watergate Marina. |
| Father Hennepin Bluffs Park https://web.archive.org/web/20110401023256/http://www.minneapolisparks.org/default.asp?PageID=4&parkid=273 | 44.9817°N -93.2492°W | City | Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board | NaN8 | 1979 | Father Louis Hennepin, the first European to describe St. Anthony Falls, saw them from this site in 1680. |
| First Bridge Park https://web.archive.org/web/20110206052057/http://minneapolisparks.org/default.asp?PageID=4&parkid=434 | 44.9844°N -93.2644°W | City | Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board | NaN22 | 2001 | Interpretive signage and public art beneath the Hennepin Avenue Bridge commemorate the site of the first permanent bridge crossing the Mississippi, built in 1855. |
| Fort Snelling State Park http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/state_parks/fort_snelling/index.html | 843.9 44.8708°N -93.1964°W | State | NaN2931 | 1961 | Includes Pike Island and bottomland hardwood forest at the confluence of the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers. | |
| Fountain Cave | 45.0889°N -93.2761°W | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | A historical marker shows the former location of a sandstone cave, site of the first building in St. Paul (Pierre Parrant's tavern) and later a tourist attraction. The cave was ruined by sewage and the entrance was sealed in 1960 during road construction. |
| Gluek Park https://web.archive.org/web/20020903014737/http://www.minneapolisparks.org/default.asp?PageID=4&parkid=254 | 45.0889°N -93.2761°W | City | Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board | NaN2.9 | 1994 | Established on the site of the 1857 Gluek Brewery following its demolition in 1970. |
| Gold Medal Park http://www.ci.minneapolis.mn.us/cped/riverfront_east_rfp_home.asp | 45.0889°N -93.2761°W | City | Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board | NaN7.5 | 2007 | Selected as the future site of a memorial to the victims of the I-35W Mississippi River bridge collapse. |
| Grey Cloud Dunes Scientific and Natural Area http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/snas/sna01101/index.html | 821 44.8708°N -93.1964°W | State | NaN237 | 1998 | Preserves a sandy prairie with dunes and blowouts on river terraces. | |
| Grey Cloud Island | 821–825 45.0889°N -93.2761°W | City | NaN2000[9] | N/A | An island named after Grey Cloud Woman, a 19th-century Mdewakanton. The 1846 Grey Cloud Lime Kiln is on the NRHP. | |
| Harriet Island Regional Park https://web.archive.org/web/20110822075444/http://mn-stpaul.civicplus.com/facilities.aspx?search=1&CID=1&pagenum=3&RID=39&Page=detail | 839.5–840.5 44.8981°N -93.1631°W | City | St. Paul Parks and Recreation | 1900 | Named for educator Harriet Bishop and now connected to shore, this former island has long been the site of public amenities and festivals. The Harriet Island Pavilion is on the NRHP. The regional park boundaries includes Raspberry Island and the Minnesota Boat Club Boathouse that is on the NRHP. | |
| Hidden Falls Regional Parkhttp://www.stpaul.gov/facilities.aspx?pagenum=18&RID=42&Page=detail | 845.4–847.4 44.8981°N -93.1631°W | City | St. Paul Parks and Recreation | NaN134[10] | 1887 | One of St. Paul's original parks, designed by Horace Cleveland. Features a spring-fed waterfall in a stone channel built by the Works Progress Administration. |
| Historic Fort Snelling http://www.mnhs.org/places/sites/hfs/ | 845.5 45.0889°N -93.2761°W | State | Begun as a wilderness outpost in 1819 at the strategic confluence of the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers, and staffed by the U.S. Army through World War II, when it served as a major processing center for new servicemen. Now a National Historic Landmark. | |||
| Indian Mounds Regional Park https://web.archive.org/web/20120314192751/http://mn-stpaul.civicplus.com/facilities.aspx?search=1&CID=1&pagenum=3&RID=53&Page=detail | 44.9467°N -93.0608°W | City | St. Paul Parks and Recreation | NaN79 | 1893 | Preserves six 2,000-year-old burial mounds from the Hopewell tradition. |
| Islands of Peace County Park https://web.archive.org/web/20110627181814/http://www.anokacountyparks.com/parks/islands_of_peace_county_park/about.html | 861 45.0764°N -93.2742°W | County | Anoka County Parks | NaN22[11] | Comprises three islands, one connected to the east bank by a bridge, the other two accessible only by water. Part of Riverfront Regional Park. | |
| John H. Stevens House Museum http://www.johnhstevenshouse.org/ | 44.9139°N -93.2094°W | City | Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board | 1985 | Built in 1850, the home of John H. Stevens was the first wood-frame house west of the Mississippi and the political and social hub of the young Minneapolis. Originally near St. Anthony Falls, it has been moved to Minnehaha Park. | |
| N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | A seasonal Mdewakanton Dakota village was situated below present-day Indian Mounds Regional Park until resettlement following the 1853 Treaty of Mendota. | ||
| Kaposia Landing http://www.southstpaul.org/index.asp?Type=B_BASIC&SEC=%7B8E6E9ACE-29EB-4586-A336-CC2C8E067C49%7D | 834.8–835.7 44.9056°N -93.0467°W | City | South St. Paul Parks & Recreation | NaN87 | 2008 | Developed over a reclaimed construction landfill. Includes an off-leash dog park. |
| Kaposia Park | 44.9061°N -93.0619°W | City | South St. Paul Parks & Recreation | NaN85 | Features recreational amenities, including a disc golf course. | |
| Lake Rebecca Park https://web.archive.org/web/20110822075444/http://mn-stpaul.civicplus.com/facilities.aspx?search=1&CID=1&pagenum=3&RID=39&Page=detail | 44.8981°N -93.1631°W | City | Hastings Parks and Recreation | NaN215 | 1995[12] | Formerly called Hastings River Flats Park, and adjacent to Lock and Dam No. 2. |
| Lambert's Landing http://www.stpaul.gov/facilities.aspx?pagenum=18&RID=42&Page=detail | 44.9453°N -93.0864°W | City | St. Paul Parks and Recreation | NaN0.3 | 1937 | Historic site of St. Paul's major steamboat landing, the head of navigation on the Mississippi. |
| Leonard H. Neiman Sports Complex https://web.archive.org/web/20110206030746/http://www.minneapolisparks.org/default.asp?PageID=4&parkid=439 | 44.8919°N -93.1914°W | City | Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board | 2003 | Public sports fields developed on the extended grounds of Fort Snelling. | |
| Lilydale Regional Park http://www.stpaul.gov/facilities.aspx?search=1&CID=1&pagenum=3&RID=61&Page=detail | 841.3–843 44.9169°N -93.125°W | City | St. Paul Parks and Recreation | NaN384[13] | 1971 | A former townsite now reverted to floodplain forest. |
| Lock and Dam No. 1 https://web.archive.org/web/20081206183104/http://www.mvp.usace.army.mil/navigation/default.asp?pageid=145&subpageid=146 | 847.6 44.9197°N -93.2039°W | Federal | N/A | 1917 | Tours are offered of the lock and dam that extended the head of navigation to Minneapolis. | |
| Lock and Dam No. 2 https://web.archive.org/web/20110609204341/http://www.mvp.usace.army.mil/navigation/default.asp?pageid=145&subpageid=161 | 815.2 44.7592°N -92.8692°W | Federal | N/A | 1930 | Visitors can watch from an observation deck as river traffic passes through this lock adjacent to Hastings. | |
| Longfellow House Hospitality Center https://web.archive.org/web/20110206025509/http://www.minneapolisparks.org/default.asp?PageID=4&parkid=271 | 44.9158°N -93.2136°W | City | Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board | 2001 | Built in 1907, this 2/3 scale replica of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's house in Massachusetts now serves as the information center for Minnehaha Park and the Grand Rounds Scenic Byway. | |
| Manomin County Park https://web.archive.org/web/20110719040833/http://www.anokacountyparks.com/parks/manomin_county_park/about.html | 862 45.0889°N -93.2761°W | County | Anoka County Parks | NaN15 | 1967 | Includes the mouth of Rice Creek and the historic Banfill Tavern, now an art center. Named for the former Manomin County. |
| Marshall Terrace Park https://web.archive.org/web/20110206061722/http://minneapolisparks.org/default.asp?PageID=4&parkid=395 | 45.0178°N -93.2722°W | City | Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board | NaN6.5 | 1914 | Offers recreational amenities in a quiet neighborhood park. |
| 850.2 44.9539°N -93.2067°W | City | St. Paul Parks and Recreation | 2007[14] | The first lock and dam on the Mississippi only operated from 1907 to 1912, when it was submerged by Lock and Dam No. 1. The NRHP-listed remnants are visible from a riverside path during low water. | ||
| Mill City Museum http://www.millcitymuseum.org/ | 44.9786°N -93.2569°W | State | 2003 | Features exhibits on the milling history of Minneapolis, within the ruins of the Washburn A Mill, a National Historic Landmark built in 1880. | ||
| Mill Ruins Park https://web.archive.org/web/20020131230625/http://www.minneapolisparks.org/default.asp?PageID=4&parkid=413 | 44.9803°N -93.2581°W | City | Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board | 2001 | Contains the excavated remains of the tailraces and canals that powered the 19th Century milling industry that spurred the development of Minneapolis. | |
| Minnehaha Regional Park https://web.archive.org/web/20070212203626/http://www.minneapolisparks.org/default.asp?PageID=4&parkid=252 | 847–847.6 44.9122°N -93.21°W | City | Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board | NaN193 | 1889 | Surrounds Minnehaha Falls and contains several sculptures and historic structures. |
| Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge http://www.fws.gov/midwest/MinnesotaValley/ | N/A 44.8597°N -93.2164°W | Federal | NaN14000 | 1976 | Several units strung along the lower Minnesota River provide natural habitat and outdoor recreation. | |
| Mississippi Gorge Regional Park https://web.archive.org/web/20061015074427/http://www.minneapolisparks.org/default.asp?PageID=4&parkid=453 | 44.9361°N -93.2006°W | City | Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board, St. Paul Parks and Recreation | Provides hiking and biking paths along the only gorge on the Mississippi. | ||
| Mississippi River Visitor Center http://www.nps.gov/miss/planyourvisit/mrvcabou.htm | 839.7 44.9428°N -93.0986°W | Federal | [15] | 2003 | MNRRA's main visitor center, located in the lobby of the Science Museum of Minnesota. | |
| Nicollet Island Park https://web.archive.org/web/20110424010023/http://www.minneapolisparks.org/default.asp?PageID=4&parkid=265 | 44.9861°N -93.2603°W | City | Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board | NaN26.8 | 1946 | Located on historic Nicollet Island, with a rental facility in a renovated 1893 factory and views of the 1858 dam above St. Anthony Falls. |
| North Mississippi Regional Park https://web.archive.org/web/20020120204327/http://www.minneapolisparks.org/default.asp?PageID=4&parkid=419 | 858–860.5 45.0436°N -93.2828°W | City | Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board | NaN67.2 | 1954 | Features a visitor center operated by Three Rivers Park District. |
44.8808°N -93.1672°W | County | Dakota County Parks | NaN25 | A landmark to the Dakota and early settlers, this hill overlooks the confluence of the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers. | ||
| Peninsula Point Two Rivers Historical Park http://www.ci.anoka.mn.us/index.asp?Type=B_BASIC&SEC=%7B6DFA3A0E-5496-4331-B8C6-02B5DCFBC3F7%7D&DE=%7BCC6DC618-D393-4E65-B2B2-2A291B2988A0%7D | 45.1931°N -93.3939°W | City | City of Anoka Parks & Recreation | NaN8.3 | 1995 | Features interpretive signage, park amenities, and a state champion green ash tree at the mouth of the Rum River. |
| Pine Bend Bluff Scientific and Natural Area http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/snas/sna02030/index.html | 44.7881°N -93.0342°W | State | NaN256 | Oak forests and dry prairies on these 200feet bluffs form one of the largest undisturbed natural areas in the Minneapolis–St. Paul metropolitan area. | ||
| N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | – 9,400 years ago | A massive prehistoric waterfall on the Glacial River Warren slowly eroded upstream, carving the Mississippi Gorge and ultimately devolving into St. Anthony Falls and Minnehaha Falls. | |
| Riverfront Regional Park https://web.archive.org/web/20110625161258/http://www.anokacountyparks.com/parks/riverfront_regional_park/about.html | 859–860.5 45.0608°N -93.2814°W | County | Anoka County Parks | NaN139 | 1987 | Features riverfront paths and a rental facility in a renovated 1880s farmhouse. |
| Riverside Park https://web.archive.org/web/20020827170149/http://www.minneapolisparks.org/default.asp?PageID=4&parkid=407 | 44.9653°N -93.2311°W | City | Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board | NaN40 | 1884 | Site of several firsts in Minneapolis park amenities, from the first playground and basketball court in the 1900s to a full-sized soccer field and an off-leash dog park in recent years. |
| Science Museum of Minnesota http://www.smm.org/ | 839.7 44.9431°N -93.0981°W | Non-profit | Science Museum of Minnesota | 1999 | A museum providing exhibits, education, and research on natural sciences, technology, and culture. The MNRRA visitor center is located in the lobby. | |
| Sibley House Historic Site https://www.mnhs.org/sibley | 44.8875°N -93.1667°W | State | 1910[16] | The site includes the 1838 home of fur-trader turned first state governor Henry Hastings Sibley (the oldest European house in Minnesota), the 1840 home of trader Jean-Baptiste Faribault, and an 1843 American Fur Company store. | ||
| Spring Lake Park Reserve https://web.archive.org/web/20110306105759/http://www.co.dakota.mn.us/LeisureRecreation/CountyParks/Locations/SpringLake/default.htm | 815.2–823 44.7456°N -92.9667°W 44.7636°N -92.9314°W | County | Dakota County Parks | NaN1200[17] | Two separate units overlook a spring-fed lake joined to the Mississippi by dam-raised water levels. Amenities include an archery trail, community garden plots, model airplane field, and several rental facilities. | |
| 854 44.9817°N -93.2572°W | Federal | N/A | 1937 | The only waterfall on the entire Mississippi powered a major milling district from the 1860s to the 1930s. In 1937 the falls were about to erode into rapids and were stabilized with a concrete spillway. | ||
| St. Croix National Scenic Riverway http://www.nps.gov/sacn/index.htm | 811.5 45.4169°N -92.6461°W | Federal | NaN92738 | 1968 | A tributary of the Mississippi, the largely undeveloped St. Croix River on the Wisconsin–Minnesota border is protected as a separate unit of the National Park system. | |
| Stone Arch Bridge https://web.archive.org/web/20061104045634/http://www.minneapolisparks.org/default.asp?PageID=4&parkid=268 | 853.9 44.9806°N -93.2531°W | City | Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board | 1994 | Built in 1883 for James J. Hill's Great Northern Railway, this 2100adj=midNaNadj=mid Historic Civil Engineering Landmark was converted to a walking and biking path in 1994. | |
| Upper St. Anthony Falls Lock and Dam https://web.archive.org/web/20110514185735/http://www.mvp.usace.army.mil/navigation/default.asp?pageid=145&subpageid=144 | 854 44.9806°N -93.2578°W | Federal | N/A | 1963 | Free tours are offered of the facility that finally extended navigation above St. Anthony Falls. | |
| Vento View Overlook | 44.9175°N -93.1133°W | City | St. Paul Parks and Recreation | N/A | 2001 | Congressman Bruce Vento, a dedicated environmental advocate, is honored at this river valley overlook . Part of Cherokee Regional Park. |
| Vermillion River Bottoms | 795.5 | State | The lower Vermillion River flows through floodplain forest before emptying into the Mississippi. | |||
| Water Power Park https://web.archive.org/web/20110206091456/http://minneapolisparks.org/default.asp?PageID=4&parkid=500 | 44.9842°N -93.2547°W | City | Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board | NaN1.4 | 2007 | Interprets the country's first commercial hydroelectric power plant. |
| Winchell Trail | 44.9433°N -93.2027°W | City | Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board | N/A | 1914 | 5 mi (8 km) hiking trail off the West River Parkway in Minneapolis. |