| Mississippi Goddam | |
| Cover: | Mississippi_Goddam.jpeg |
| Caption: | The sleeve for the promo release of the single |
| Artist: | Nina Simone |
| Album: | Nina Simone in Concert |
| Released: | 1964 |
| Recorded: | New York City, live at Carnegie Hall |
| Label: | Philips Records |
| Composer: | Nina Simone |
| Producer: | Hal Mooney |
"Mississippi Goddam" is a song written and performed by American singer and pianist Nina Simone, who later announced the anthem to be her "first civil rights song".[1] The song was released on her album Nina Simone in Concert in 1964, which was based on recordings from three concerts she gave at Carnegie Hall earlier that year. The album was her first release for the Dutch label Philips Records and is indicative of the more political turn her recorded music took during this period.
Simone composed "Mississippi Goddam" in less than an hour. Together with the songs "Ain't Got No, I Got Life", "Four Women" and "To Be Young, Gifted and Black", it is one of her most famous protest songs and self-written compositions. In 2019, "Mississippi Goddam" was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the National Recording Registry for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[2]
The song captures Simone's response to the racially motivated murders of Emmett Till and Medgar Evers in Mississippi, and the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham, Alabama, killing four black children.[3] On the recording she sarcastically announces the song as "a show tune, but the show hasn't been written for it yet." The song begins jauntily, with a show tune feel, but demonstrates its political focus early on with its refrain "Alabama's got me so upset, Tennessee's made me lose my rest, and everybody knows about Mississippi goddam." In the song, she says: "They keep on sayin' 'go slow' ... to do things gradually would bring more tragedy. Why don't you see it? Why don't you feel it? I don't know, I don't know. You don't have to live next to me, just give me my equality!"
Simone first performed the song at the Village Gate nightclub in Greenwich Village, and shortly thereafter in March 1964 at Carnegie Hall, in front of a mostly white audience.[4] The Carnegie Hall recording was subsequently released as a single and became an anthem during the Civil Rights Movement.[5] "Mississippi Goddam" was banned in several Southern states.[6] Boxes of promotional singles sent to radio stations around the country were returned with each record broken in half.[7]
Simone performed the song in front of 10,000 people at the end of the Selma to Montgomery marches when she and other black activists, including Sammy Davis Jr., James Baldwin and Harry Belafonte crossed police lines.[8]
Simone performed "Mississippi Goddam" on The Steve Allen Show on September 10, 1964. First Amendment scholar Ronald Collins felt that Steve Allen, the "famed host of a nationally syndicated TV variety program ... was one of the few who then dared to provide a forum for those with dissident views". Therefore, when Nina Simone "joined Allen at the desk before [the] song, he told her he wanted her to sing 'Mississippi Goddam' because he knew it would provoke a lively discussion about censorship".
In 2021, "Mississippi Goddam" was listed at No. 172 on Rolling Stone's "Top 500 Greatest Songs of All Time".[9] In 2022, American Songwriter ranked the song number three on their list of the 10 greatest Nina Simone songs,[10] and in 2023, The Guardian ranked the song number one on their list of the 20 greatest Nina Simone songs.[11]