Mir-22 Explained
| mir-22 |
| Width: | 220px |
| Symbol: | mir-22 |
| Rfam: | RF00653 |
| Mirbase Family: | MIPF0000053 |
| Rna Type: | microRNA |
| Tax Domain: | Eukaryota
- Euteleostomi
|
| Entrezgene: | 407004 |
| Hgncid: | 31599 |
| Omim: | 612077 |
In molecular biology mir-22 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs are an abundant class of molecules, approximately 22 nucleotides in length, which can post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by binding to the 3' UTR of mRNAs expressed in a cell.
Origins
Mir-22 was originally identified in HeLa cells (an immortal cell line derived from cervical cancer cells), but was later found to be ubiquitously expressed in various tissues.[1] The gene encoding miR-22 is found on the short arm of chromosome 17, in a minimal loss of heterozygosity region. It is highly conserved across many vertebrate species, including chimp, mouse, rat, dog and horse. This level of conservation suggests functional importance. MiR-22 was previously identified as having a role in erythrocyte maturation.[2]
Role in cancer
The deregulation of many miRNAs has been shown to have a role in oncogenesis. Mir-22 was found to be over-expressed in prostate cancer but down-regulated in breast cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, multiple myeloma and hepatocellular carcinoma.[3] Mir-22 expression was associated with survival in multiple breast cancer datasets.[4]
Targets
Specifically, miR-22 can function as a tumour suppressor. One known target is histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4), which is known to have a critical role in cancer development. Mir-22 also targets Myc Binding Protein (MYCBP).[5] This prevents transcription of c-Myc target genes by silencing c-MYCBP. However, c-Myc also inhibits expression of miR-22 in a positive feedback loop. When this spirals out of control, it can cause uncontrolled cell proliferation.[6]
Possible therapy
Expression of miR-22 can be induced by adding 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) to HL-60 cells (leukaemia cell line).[7] The enforced expression causes the growth of cancer cells to slow down. This means that miR-22 could be a potential target for cancer therapies.
See also
Further reading
- Li J, Liang S, Yu H, Zhang J, Ma D, Lu X . An inhibitory effect of miR-22 on cell migration and invasion in ovarian cancer . Gynecol Oncol . 119. 3. 543–8. 2010 . 20869762 . 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.08.034.
- Bar N, Dikstein R . miR-22 forms a regulatory loop in PTEN/AKT pathway and modulates signaling kinetics . PLOS ONE . 5 . 5 . e10859 . 2010 . 20523723 . 10.1371/journal.pone.0010859 . 2877705 . Ulrich . Henning. free .
- Liu L, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Greenlee AR, Yu R, Yang Q . miR-22 functions as a micro-oncogene in transformed human bronchial epithelial cells induced by anti-benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide . Toxicol in Vitro . 24 . 4 . 1168–75 . 2010 . 20170724 . 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.02.016.
- Pandey DP, Picard D . miR-22 inhibits estrogen signaling by directly targeting the estrogen receptor alpha mRNA . Mol Cell Biol . 29 . 13 . 3783–90 . 2009 . 19414598 . 10.1128/MCB.01875-08 . 2698751.
Notes and References
- Xiong J, Yu D, Wei N, Fu H, Cai T, Huang Y, Wu C, Zheng X, Du Q, Lin D, Liang Z . An estrogen receptor alpha suppressor, microRNA-22, is downregulated in estrogen receptor alpha-positive human breast cancer cell lines and clinical samples. . FEBS J . 277 . 7 . 1684–94 . 2010 . 20180843 . 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07594.x. 8495747 . free .
- Choong ML, Yang HH, McNiece I . MicroRNA expression profiling during human cord blood-derived CD34 cell erythropoiesis . Exp. Hematol. . 35 . 4 . 551–64 . April 2007 . 17379065 . 10.1016/j.exphem.2006.12.002 . free .
- Zhang J, Yang Y, Yang T, Liu Y, Li A, Fu S, Wu M, Pan Z, Zhou W . microRNA-22, downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and correlated with prognosis, suppresses cell proliferation and tumourigenicity . Br J Cancer . 103 . 8 . 1215–20 . 2010 . 20842113 . 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605895 . 2967065.
- Lánczky. András. Nagy. Ádám. Bottai. Giulia. Munkácsy. Gyöngyi. Szabó. András. Santarpia. Libero. Győrffy. Balázs. 2016-12-01. miRpower: a web-tool to validate survival-associated miRNAs utilizing expression data from 2178 breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. 160. 3. 439–446. 10.1007/s10549-016-4013-7. 1573-7217. 27744485. 11165696.
- Xiong J, Du Q, Liang Z . Tumor-suppressive microRNA-22 inhibits the transcription of E-box-containing c-Myc target genes by silencing c-Myc binding protein . Oncogene . 29 . 35 . 4980–8 . 2010 . 20562918 . 10.1038/onc.2010.241.
- Cole MD, McMahon SB . The Myc oncoprotein: a critical evaluation of transactivation and target gene regulation . Oncogene . 18 . 19 . 2916–24 . May 1999 . 10378688 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1202748 .
- Ting Y, Medina DJ, Strair RK, Schaar DG . Differentiation-associated miR-22 represses Max expression and inhibits cell cycle progression . Biochem Biophys Res Commun . 394 . 3 . 606–11 . 2010 . 20214878 . 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.03.030.
