Mir-124 microRNA precursor family explained

miR-124 microRNA precursor family
Symbol:	mir-124
Rfam:	RF00239
Mirbase:	MI0000443
Mirbase Family:	MIPF0000021
Rna Type:	Gene miRNA
Tax Domain:	Eukaryota

The miR-124 microRNA precursor is a small non-coding RNA molecule that has been identified in flies (MI0000373),^[1] nematode worms (MI0000302),^[2] mouse (MI0000150) and human (MI0000443).^[3] The mature ~21 nucleotide microRNAs are processed from hairpin precursor sequences by the Dicer enzyme, and in this case originates from the 3' arm. miR-124 has been found to be the most abundant microRNA expressed in neuronal cells. Experiments to alter expression of miR-124 in neural cells did not appear to affect differentiation.^[4] However these results are controversial since other reports have described a role for miR-124 during neuronal differentiation.^{[5] [6]}

Targets of miR-124

• Visvanathan et al. showed that miR-124 targets the mRNA of the anti-neural function protein SCP1 (small C-terminal domain phosphatase 1).^[7]
• Makeyev et al. showed that miR-124 directly targets PTBP1 (PTB/hnRNP I) mRNA, which encodes a global repressor of alternative pre-mRNA splicing in non-neuronal cells.^[8]
• Arrant et al. wrote that miR-124 changes glutamate receptor composition in the prefrontal cortex and can decrease social dysfunction in frontotemporal dementia.^[9]

Clinical medicine

Presence of the G allele, compared to the C allele, in SNP rs531564 in pri-miR-124-1, measured by PCR-RFLP in leukocyte DNA, is linked to a reduced risk of gastric cancer (e.g. GG v CC OR 0.34 95% CI 0.19-0.59, p<0.001).^[10]

External links

• • miRBase family for miR-124

Notes and References

1. Lai EC, Tomancak P, Williams RW, Rubin GM . Computational identification of Drosophila microRNA genes . Genome Biology . 4 . 7 . R42 . 2003 . 12844358 . 193629 . 10.1186/gb-2003-4-7-r42 . free .
2. Lim LP, Lau NC, Weinstein EG, Abdelhakim A, Yekta S, Rhoades MW, Burge CB, Bartel DP . 6 . The microRNAs of Caenorhabditis elegans . Genes & Development . 17 . 8 . 991–1008 . April 2003 . 12672692 . 196042 . 10.1101/gad.1074403 .
3. Lagos-Quintana M, Rauhut R, Yalcin A, Meyer J, Lendeckel W, Tuschl T . Identification of tissue-specific microRNAs from mouse . Current Biology . 12 . 9 . 735–739 . April 2002 . 12007417 . 10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00809-6 . free . 7901788 . 11858/00-001M-0000-0010-94EF-7 .
4. Cao X, Pfaff SL, Gage FH . A functional study of miR-124 in the developing neural tube . Genes & Development . 21 . 5 . 531–536 . March 2007 . 17344415 . 1820895 . 10.1101/gad.1519207 .
5. Yoo AS, Staahl BT, Chen L, Crabtree GR . MicroRNA-mediated switching of chromatin-remodelling complexes in neural development . Nature . 460 . 7255 . 642–646 . July 2009 . 19561591 . 2921580 . 10.1038/nature08139 . 2009Natur.460..642Y .
6. Neo WH, Yap K, Lee SH, Looi LS, Khandelia P, Neo SX, Makeyev EV, Su IH . 6 . MicroRNA miR-124 controls the choice between neuronal and astrocyte differentiation by fine-tuning Ezh2 expression . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 289 . 30 . 20788–20801 . July 2014 . 24878960 . 4110287 . 10.1074/jbc.m113.525493 . free .
7. Visvanathan J, Lee S, Lee B, Lee JW, Lee SK . The microRNA miR-124 antagonizes the anti-neural REST/SCP1 pathway during embryonic CNS development . Genes & Development . 21 . 7 . 744–749 . April 2007 . 17403776 . 1838526 . 10.1101/gad.1519107 .
8. Makeyev EV, Zhang J, Carrasco MA, Maniatis T . The MicroRNA miR-124 promotes neuronal differentiation by triggering brain-specific alternative pre-mRNA splicing . Molecular Cell . 27 . 3 . 435–448 . August 2007 . 17679093 . 3139456 . 10.1016/j.molcel.2007.07.015 .
9. Arrant AE, Roberson ED . MicroRNA-124 modulates social behavior in frontotemporal dementia . Nature Medicine . 20 . 12 . 1381–1383 . December 2014 . 25473917 . 10.1038/nm.3768 . 1028320 .
10. Mirnoori SM, Shahangian SS, Salehi Z, Mashayekhi F, Talesh Sasani S, Saedi HS . Influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in pri-miR-124-1 and STAT3 genes on gastric cancer susceptibility . British Journal of Biomedical Science . 75 . 4 . 182–186 . October 2018 . 29938592 . 10.1080/09674845.2018.1492206 . 49410250 .