Minimalist film explained

Minimalist cinema is related to the art and philosophy of minimalism.

Background

In film, minimalism usually is associated with filmmakers such as Robert Bresson, Chantal Akerman, Carl Theodor Dreyer, and Yasujirō Ozu. Their films typically tell a simple story with straightforward camera usage and minimal use of score. Paul Schrader named their kind of cinema: "transcendental cinema".[1] In the present, a commitment to minimalist filmmaking can be seen in film movements such as Dogme 95, mumblecore, and the Romanian New Wave. Abbas Kiarostami,[2] Elia Suleiman,[3] and Kelly Reichardt are also considered minimalist filmmakers.

The Minimalists – Joshua Fields Millburn, Ryan Nicodemus, and Matt D'Avella – directed and produced the film Minimalism: A Documentary,[4] which showcased the idea of minimal living in the modern world.

Notable filmmakers

This type of film includes the works of directors like:

List of notable minimalist films

20th century

21st century

Sources

[38] [39] [40] [41] [42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [52]

[53] [54] [55] [56] [57] [58] [59] [60] [61]

[62] [63] [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] [69] [70] [71] [72] [73] [74] [75] [76] [77] [78]

[79] [80] [81] [82] [83] [84] [85] [86] [87] [88] [89] [90] [91] [92] [93] [94] [95] [96] [97] [98] [99] [100] [101] [102] [103] [104] [105] [106] [107] [108] [109] [110] [111] [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] [118] [119] [120] [121] [122] [123] [124] [125] [126] [127]

[128] [129] [130] [131] [132] [133] [134] [135]

[136] [137] [138] [139] [140] [141] [142] [143] [144] [145] [146] [147] [148] [30] [149] [150] [151] [152] [153] [154] [155] [156] [157] [158] [159] [160] [161] [162] [163] [164] [165] [166] [167] [5]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Paul Schrader on Revisiting Transcendental Style in Film. 2017 Toronto International Film Festival. YouTube.
  2. Web site: Taste of Cherry . Cinematheque. September 2016. 2022-01-14. Cleveland Institute of Art.
  3. Web site: Gautaman Bhaskaran. 2019-10-23. It Must Be Heaven: Elia Suleiman's sardonic take on the world. 2022-01-14. Arab News.
  4. Web site: Films by The Minimalists. The Minimalists. 2019-04-09.
  5. https://www.cbr.com/cbr-tv-m-night-shyamalan-talks-the-visit-minimalist-filmmaking-and-comic-book-movies/ CBR TV: M. Night Shyamalan Talks 'The Visit', Minimalist Filmmaking and Comic Book Movies - CBR
  6. https://metrograph.com/metrograph-pictures/goodbye-dragon-inn-mp/ Goodbye, Dragon Inn - Metrograph
  7. https://www.indiewire.com/2012/04/the-films-of-robert-bresson-a-retrospective-111546/ The Films Of Robert Bresson: A Retrospective|IndieWire
  8. https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/lifestyle/arts/the-art-of-chloe-zhao The art of Chloe Zhao, Arts - THE BUSINESS TIMES
  9. https://www.moma.org/calendar/film/3878 Kelly Reichardt: Powerfully Observant|MoMA
  10. https://www.filminquiry.com/beginners-guide-yasujiro-ozu/ The Beginner's Guide: Yasujiro Ozu, Director|Film Inquiry
  11. https://www.talkcinema.com/life-and-death-colonel-blimp-directed-archers The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp, Directed by The Archers|Talk Cinema
  12. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1117&context=rtd Minimalism and art-cinema narration in Gus van Sant's Gerry, Elephant and Last Days - Iowa State University
  13. https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/features/deep-focus/tarkovsky-legacy The Tarkovsky legacy: Andrei Tarkovsky and his arthouse impact|Sight & Sound|BFI
  14. https://whitney.org/events/warhol-film-minimalism-part-ii Warhol Film Screening——Minimalism and Seriality: Part II|Whitney Museum of American Art
  15. https://walkerart.org/magazine/jack-goldstein-morgan-fisher-west-coast-minimalism One Sound After Another: Film and West Coast Minimalism|Walker Art Center
  16. https://www.awn.com/animationworld/burden-other-peoples-thoughts-don-hertzfeldt-talks-world-tomorrow-episode-two The Burden of Other People's Thoughts: Don Hertzfeldt Talks ‘World of Tomorrow Episode Two’|Animation World Network
  17. https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/mar/02/love-witch-director-anna-biller-conversation-pornography The Love Witch director Anna Biller: ‘I’m in conversation with the pornography all around us’|Movies|The Guardian
  18. https://www.npr.org/2019/03/07/700798313/3-faces-an-urgent-plea-sends-a-director-and-actress-to-a-rural-iranian-village Review: From Iran, '3 Faces' Finds Nuance In The Clash Of Old And New : NPR
  19. https://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/12/movies/film-view-the-giddy-minimalism-of-jim-jarmusch.html FILM VIEW; The Giddy Minimalism of Jim Jarmusch - The New York Times
  20. https://www.bloomsburycollections.com/book/the-cinema-of-alexander-sokurov/ch3-sokurov-s-cinematic-minimalism Bloomsbury Collections - The Cinema of Alexander Sokurov
  21. https://books.google.com/books?id=LwFDDwAAQBAJ Norman McLaren - Google Books (pg.140)
  22. Web site: Cartoons Considered For An Academy Award – 1977 -. cartoonresearch.com.
  23. https://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/The-Master-of-Minimalism-Retrospective-of-2951756.php The Master of Minimalism / Retrospective of filmmaker Michelangelo Antonioni's innovative films spans six decades - SFGATE
  24. https://bluray.highdefdigest.com/6430/hollis_odyssey.html A Hollis Frampton Odyssey Blu-ray Review | High Def Digest
  25. https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/37131 Pop cinema: aesthetic conversations between art and the moving-image - ERA
  26. https://www.artforum.com/print/200502/ernie-gehr-8259 J. Hoberman on Ernie Gehr - Artfourm International
  27. https://hyperrealfilm.club/reviews/husbands-review HUSBANDS: Saturdays are for the Boys - Hyperreal Film Club
  28. https://www.newcityfilm.com/2022/12/15/talking-screens-december-16-22-2022-all-the-beauty-and-the-bloodshed-is-one-of-the-years-finest-bardo-is-a-small-story-told-on-an-immense-canvas/ Talking Screens, December 16-22, 2022: “All The Beauty and The Bloodshed” is One of the Year’s Finest | “Bardo” is a Small Story Told on an Immense Canvas - Newcity Film
  29. https://inreviewonline.com/2021/04/06/john-carpenter-decade/ Movies Don’t Scare Me: A Decade of John Carpenter|In Review Online
  30. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qHZN71wxZZk John Carpenter: Father of the Slasher Film | The VICE Guide To Film - VICE on YouTube
  31. https://inreviewonline.com/2022/06/09/clint-eastwood-immovable-boulder/ Clint Eastwood: Immovable Boulder|In Review Online
  32. https://lightcone.org/en/filmmaker-303-michael-snow Light Cone - Michael Snow
  33. https://www.bfi.org.uk/news/michael-snow-obituary-canadian-giant-experimental-cinema Michael Snow obituary: Canadian giant of experimental cinema|BFI
  34. https://lightcone.org/en/news-623-cinq-films-de-larry-gottheim Light Cone - FIVE FILMS BY LARRY GOTTHEIM
  35. https://bampfa.org/program/abbas-kiarostami-life-as-art Abbas Kiarostami: Life as Art|BAMPFA
  36. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/06/movies/abbas-kiarostami-iran.html What Makes Kiarostami a Modern Master? Start Here - The New York Times
  37. https://www.heritagefilmproject.com/post/louis-malle-docs Louis Malle: Docs
  38. http://www.tasteofcinema.com/2015/10-great-minimalist-films-that-are-worth-your-time/ 10 Great Minimalist Films That Are Worth Your Time - Taste of Cinema
  39. http://www.tasteofcinema.com/2015/10-great-minimalist-films-that-are-worth-your-time/2/ 10 Great Minimalist Films That Are Worth Your Time - Taste of Cinema - Page 2 - Taste of Cinema
  40. https://thecinemaholic.com/best-minimalist-movies/ Best Minimalist Movies|12 Top Minimalism Films Ever - Cinemaholic
  41. https://www.theyoungfolks.com/film/81229/10-minimalist-horror-movies 10 Minimalist Horror Movies|The Young Folks
  42. https://tectogizmo.com/minimalist-sci-fi-movies-to-watch/ 6 Minimalist Sci Fi Movies to Watch - TectoGizmo
  43. https://www.storypick.com/minimalist-movies/ 20 Minimalist Movies Which Redefined Film-Making - Storypick
  44. https://www.popmatters.com/roma-is-painfully-beautiful-2623421400.html 'Roma' Is Painfully Beautiful|PopMatters
  45. https://www.nga.gov/features/new-waves/industrial-arts.html Industrial Arts: Michelangelo Antonioni's Red Desert and Minimalism and Land Art - National Gallery of Art
  46. https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/look-of-the-week-the-sleek-futuristic-minimalism-of-gattaca Look of the Week: the sleek futuristic minimalism of Gattaca|SYFY WIRE
  47. https://theminimaldaily.com/best-minimalist-films/ 9 Minimalist Films That Will Open Your Eyes - Minimal Daily
  48. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-mar-20-ca-andre20-story.html Repast is prologue - Los Angeles Times
  49. https://hyperallergic.com/565610/minimalism-airplanes-documentary-werner-herzog/ Minimalism Takes Flight : Hyperallergic
  50. https://www.indiewire.com/feature/best-movies-2020-films-1202217382/ The Best Movies of 2020|IndieWire
  51. https://thecinemaholic.com/underrated-movies-2010s/ 20 Most Underrated Movies of the Decade (2010–2019) - The Cinemaholic
  52. https://www.flickeringmyth.com/2021/01/best-independent-films-2020/ The Best Independent Films of 2020|Flickering Myth
  53. http://povmagazine.com/articles/view/acting-naturally-nomadland-hybrid-film Acting Naturally — Point of View Magazine
  54. https://www.highonfilms.com/the-woman-who-ran-2020-review/ THE WOMAN WHO RAN (2020) REVIEW – HONG SANG-SOO’S TYPICALLY SUBTLE AND PLAYFULLY KNOTTY DRAMA - High On Films
  55. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/away-review-1217684/ 'Away' review - The Hollywood Reporter
  56. https://www.cartoonbrew.com/feature-film/here-are-six-indie-animated-features-that-deserve-an-oscar-nomination-this-year-183763.html Here Are Six Indie Animated Features That Deserve An Oscar Nomination This Year|Cartoon Brew
  57. https://www.original-cin.ca/posts/2020/12/29/original-cin-year-in-review-2020s-best-and-worst-movies ORIGINAL-CIN YEAR IN REVIEW: 2020’S BEST AND WORST MOVIES —— Original Cin
  58. https://www.legacy.com/news/culture-and-history/this-new-netflix-short-shows-how-parents-grieve-after-a-tragedy/ This new Netflix short shows how parents grieve after a tragedy - Legacy.com
  59. https://www.yapimekibi.com/en/minimalist-movies-5-different-approach/ Minimalist movies: 5 different approach|Yapim Ekibi
  60. https://www.zekefilm.org/2012/07/10/beyond-the-black-rainbow-film-review/ BEYOND THE BLACK RAINBOW — Film Review — ZekeFilm
  61. https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2012/05/interview-beyond-the-black-rainbow-director-panos-cosmatos Interview: “Beyond The Black Rainbow” Director Panos Cosmatos Talks His Bizarre Sci-Fi/Horror Fever Dream|Complex
  62. https://www.chicagoreader.com/Bleader/archives/2012/11/23/thats-not-my-finger-and-the-rest-of-this-weeks-movies That's not my finger! and the rest of this week's movies|Bleader
  63. https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2015/oct/06/chantal-akerman-director-appreciation-david-jenkins Chantal Akerman: celebrating the exquisite cinematic moments of a tremendous talent|Chantal Akerman|The Guardian
  64. https://cw.ua.edu/78686/opinion/review-this-50s-danish-flick-will-keep-you-on-your-toes/ Review|This '50s Danish flick will keep you on your toes - The Crimson White
  65. https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/may/12/yasujiro-ozu-japanese-minimalist-autumn-afternoon Yasujiro Ozu: like Austen, he tells the same satisfying story again and again|Movies|The Guardian
  66. https://screenrant.com/clerks-ways-established-kevin-smith-style-filmmaking/ Clerks: 10 Ways It Established Kevin Smith's Style|ScreenRant
  67. https://www.hollywoodinsider.com/minimalist-filmmaking-rise/ The Rise of Minimalist Filmmaking, and Analysis of Best Picture of Best Picture Oscar Winner 'Nomadland' - Hollywood Insider
  68. https://nwfilm.org/films/gerry/ Gerry|NW Film Center
  69. https://streamondemandathome.com/blu-ray-liquid-sky-vinegar-syndrome/ Androgyny and aliens in eighties cult film 'Liquid Sky' on Amazon Prime Video - Stream On Demand
  70. https://www.indiewire.com/2013/09/toronto-review-godfrey-reggio-celebrates-30-years-since-koyaanisqatsi-with-extraordinary-philip-glass-scored-visitors-35202/ Toronto Review: Godfrey Reggio Celebrates 30 Years Since 'Koyaanisqatsi' With Extraordinary Philip Glass-Scored 'Visitors'|IndieWire
  71. https://theconversation.com/after-koyaanisqatsi-godfrey-reggios-visitors-review-22471 After Koyaanisqatsi, Godfrey Reggio's Visitors : The Conversation
  72. https://www.avclub.com/jim-jarmusch-1798208341 Jim Jarmusch|AV Club
  73. https://www.cinemablend.com/reviews/Baghead-3258.html Baghead - CINEMABLEND
  74. https://www.pastemagazine.com/movies/jay-and-mark-duplass/baghead/ Baghead - Paste
  75. https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2008-09-05-0809040073-story.html Indie film pulls nothing interesting out of the bag - Baltimore Sun
  76. https://www.stanforddaily.com/2020/07/31/an-exploration-of-foreign-films-unique-cinematography-and-minimalist-themes-distinguish-tokyo-story/ An exploration of foreign films: Unique cinematography and minimalist themes distinguish ‘Tokyo Story’|The Stanford Daily
  77. https://www.highonfilms.com/essential-aki-kaurismaki-films/ 10 Essential Aki Kaurismaki Films - High On Films
  78. https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/the-10-best-minimalist-films-genre/ 10 essential films from the 'Minimalist' genre|Far Out Magazine
  79. https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2016/jul/04/abbas-kiarostami-master-of-cinematic-poetry-peter-bradshaw Abbas Kiarostami: sophisticated, self-possessed master of cinematic poetry|Abbas Kiarostami|The Guardian
  80. https://www.cia.edu/cinematheque/film-schedule/2016/09/taste-of-cherry TASTE OF CHERRY|Cleveland Institute of Art
  81. https://www.artforum.com/print/reviews/198504/hollis-frampton-63660 Scott MacDonald on Hollis Frampton - Artfourm International
  82. https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/08/strolling-through-1968-new-york-in-160-seconds/ In Hollis Frampton's 'Surface Tension', a Stroll Through 1968 New York, in 160 Seconds - The New York Times
  83. https://hyperallergic.com/696373/michael-snow-retrospective-anthology-film-archives/ The Complete Works of Influential Experimental Filmmaker Michael Snow Come to New York - Hyperallergic
  84. https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/nov/13/duel-at-50-steven-spielberg-debut-thriller Duel at 50: Steven Spielberg's debut remains a ferocious thriller|Steven Spielberg|The Guardian
  85. https://collider.com/denis-villeneuve-dune-compared-david-lynch/ Denis Villeneuve's Dune Shows the Limits of the Filmmaker's Sci-Fi|Collider
  86. https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/may/28/the-red-turtle-review-studio-ghibli-masterpiece The Red Turtle review — rapturous minimalism from Studio Ghibli|Film|The Guardian
  87. https://www.timeout.com/london/film/the-50-best-90s-movies The Best 90s Movies|Incredible Films From The 1990s|Time Out
  88. https://www.theyoungfolks.com/film/161962/why-critics-hate-the-movies-you-love/ Why Critics Hate the Movies You Love|The Young Ones
  89. https://mubi.com/films/the-woman-who-ran The Woman Who Ran (2020)|MUBI
  90. https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/reviews-recommendations/certain-women-kelly-reichardt-minimalist-montana-triptych Film of the week:Certain Women, Kelly Reichardt's minimalist Montana triptych|BFI
  91. https://www.anothermag.com/design-living/13346/kelly-reichardt-films-movies-first-cow-river-grass-old-joy-wendy-lucy A Brief Introduction to the Remarkable Films of Kelly Reichardt|AnOther Magazine
  92. https://www.deseret.com/1999/1/23/19425046/koyaanisqati-renews-emotion-in-minimalist-film 'Koyaanisqatsi' renews emotion in minimalist film - Deseret News
  93. https://web.archive.org/web/20170418223111/http://www.mtv.com/news/2770766/the-50-best-first-films/ The 50 Best First Films Ever Made - MTV
  94. https://ascmag.com/articles/a-century-of-inspiration A Century of Inspiration - The American Cinematographer
  95. http://www.tasteofcinema.com/2018/the-10-most-cinematic-movies-with-minimalist-plot/2/ The 10 Most Cinematic Movies With Minimalist Plot — Page 2 — Taste of Cinema
  96. http://www.tasteofcinema.com/2018/the-10-most-cinematic-movies-with-minimalist-plot/ The 10 Most Cinematic Movies With Minimalist Plot — Taste of Cinema
  97. https://collider.com/films-that-prove-silence-is-golden/ 10 Films That Prove That Silence Is Golden|Collider
  98. https://theboar.org/2022/04/the-tragedy-of-macbeth-is-as-magnificent-as-it-is-minimalist/ 'The Tragedy of Macbeth' is magnificent as it is minimalist - The Boar
  99. https://www.theatlantic.com/culture/archive/2022/01/tragedy-of-macbeth-review-denzel-washington/621223/ Enter the Nightmarish World of Joel Coen's 'The Tragedy of Macbeth' - The Atlantic
  100. News: September 15, 1999 . Janet . Maslin . Janet Maslin . 'American Beauty': Dad's Dead, and He's Still a Funny Guy . . August 20, 2020 . June 3, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200603101304/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/film/091599beauty-film-review.html . live .
  101. https://sightlinesmag.org/film-review-coen-takes-a-bold-approach-to-filming-the-tragedy-of-macbeth Film review: Coen takes a bold approach to filming 'The Tragedy of Macbeth' — Sightlines
  102. https://www.oregonlive.com/movies/2011/03/ernie_gehrs_serene_velocity_th.html Ernie Gehr's 'Serene Velocity', 'The Red Shoes', 'Dog House' and more: Beyond the Multiplex - oregonlive.com
  103. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1988/02/19/film-notes/814ad33c-a679-4add-8c8c-dd4884c6d876/ FILM NOTES - The Washington Post
  104. https://movieweb.com/brick-rian-johnson-film-noir-high-school/ Brick: How Rian Johnson Used Film Noir to Depict High School - MovieWeb
  105. https://collider.com/winters-bone-barren-sights-sounds-create-fear/ Winter's Bone: How the Barren Sights and Sounds Create Fear|Collider
  106. https://collider.com/10-films-that-did-wonders-with-a-budget-of-under-a-million-dollars/10 Movies That Did Wonders With a Budget of Under $1 Million|Collider
  107. https://www.nytimes.com/article/best-movies-hbo-max.html The 50 Best Movies on HBO Max Right Now - The New York Times
  108. https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220107-is-this-the-worst-film-ever-made Is this the worst film ever made? - BBC Culture
  109. https://www.salon.com/2022/06/24/jenny-slate-marcel-the-shell-with-shoes-on/ Jenny Slate on voicing the melancholy "Marcel the Shell" and creating a laugh "that's not creepy"|Salon.com
  110. https://screenrant.com/best-movies-harry-potter-directors-imdb/ The Harry Potter Directors' Best Movies (Not In The Wizarding World), According to IMDb
  111. https://www.skwigly.co.uk/100-greatest-animated-shorts-gerald-mcboing-boing/ 100 Greatest Animated Shorts / Gerald McBoing Boing / Robert Cannon - Skwigly Animation Magazine
  112. https://books.google.com/books?id=Pn4qzcAsujYC&dq=tell-tale+heart+1953+minimalism&pg=PA106 When Magoo Flew - Google Books (pg.106)
  113. https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2005/cteq/begone_dull_care/ Begone Dull Care – Senses of Cinema
  114. https://hyperallergic.com/522367/opening-night-review-crossing-the-line/ Bringing a John Cassavetes Classic to the Stage With a Volcanic Performance - Hyperallergic
  115. https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2008/dec/17/michael-snow-wavelength?CMP=gu_com Artist of the week 20: Michael Snow|Culture|The Guardian
  116. https://www.independent.com/2014/04/01/spike-mikes-animation-fest-is-back/ Spike & Mike's Animation Fest Is Back - The Santa Barbara Independent
  117. Web site: Horror's Minimalist Masterpiece: 'Halloween' .
  118. https://collider.com/animated-films-that-should-have-been-nominated-for-best-picture/ 10 Best Animated Films That Should Have Been Nominated For Best Picture|Collider
  119. https://filmmakermagazine.com/109499-its-a-pretty-unambiguous-condemnation-of-a-new-age-answer-to-lifes-problems-writer-director-todd-haynes-on-safe/#.Y4e9O0PMIdU “It’s a Pretty Unambiguous Condemnation of a New Age Answer to Life’s Problems”: Writer/Director Todd Haynes on Safe|Filmmaker Magazine
  120. https://www.villagevoice.com/2017/10/18/todd-hayness-out-of-time-city-symphony-wonderstruck-lives-up-to-its-name/ Todd Haynes’s Out-of-Time City Symphony “Wonderstruck” Lives Up to Its Name - The Village Voice
  121. https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/3394-safe-nowhere-to-hide Safe: Nowhere to Hide|Current|The Criterion Collection
  122. https://ourculturemag.com/2022/12/17/10-great-films-from-2022/ 10 Great Films From 2022 - Our Culture
  123. https://inreviewonline.com/2022/02/18/assault-on-precinct-13/ Assault on Precinct 13 — John Carpenter|In Review Online
  124. https://inreviewonline.com/2020/12/23/yearinreview-2020-film-10-1/ Top 25 of 2020 — 10-1|In Review Online
  125. https://inreviewonline.com/2020/11/13/wolfwalkers/ Wolfwalkers|Tomm Moore and Ross Stewart|In Review Online
  126. https://www.wcbe.org/movies/2023-01-19/women-talking Women Talking - WCBE
  127. https://www.indiewire.com/2022/11/tar-costumes-production-design-1234782295/ Making and Unmaking the Upscale, Minimalist World of ‘TÁR’|IndieWire
  128. https://www.austinfilm.org/2020/08/exclusive-watch-a-restored-cult-animated-short-from-marcell-jankovics/ EXCLUSIVE: WATCH A RESTORED CULT ANIMATED SHORT FROM MARCELL JANKOVICS|Austin Film Society
  129. https://screenrant.com/best-philosophical-movies-ranked/#sisyphus-1974 10 Best Movies About Philosophy, Ranked - Screen Rant
  130. https://www.bostonherald.com/2023/02/17/animated-shorts-up-for-oscars-tackle-life-and-all-its-follies/ Animated shorts up for Oscars tackle life and all its follies - Boston Herald
  131. https://collider.com/best-unconventional-action-movies/#39-all-is-lost-39-2013 Unconventional Excitement: 10 Best Action Movies Without Fistfights, Shootouts, or Car Chases|Collider
  132. https://thedigitalbits.com/item/the-driver-studiocanal-2023-uhd DRIVER, THE (4K UHD REVIEW) - The Digital Bits
  133. http://artsatmichigan.umich.edu/ink/2017/11/18/when-comedy-films-are-scary/ When Comedy Films Are Scary - arts, ink.
  134. https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/edgar-wright-discusses-diamond-tight-minimalist-masterclass/ The film Edgar Wright calls a "minimalist masterclass"|Far Out Magazine
  135. https://www.cartoonbrew.com/feature-film/life-zucchini-director-claude-barras-hard-work-simplicity-minimalism-148395.html ‘My Life As A Zucchini’ Director Claude Barras On The Hard Work of Simplicity and Minimalism|Cartoon Brew
  136. http://www.tasteofcinema.com/2016/10-great-movies-featuring-minimalist-storytelling/ 10 Great Movies Featuring Minimalist Storytelling - Taste of Cinema
  137. http://www.tasteofcinema.com/2016/10-great-movies-featuring-minimalist-storytelling/2/ 10 Great Movies Featuring Minimalist Storytelling - Page 2 - Taste of Cinema
  138. https://www.filmsite.org/redballoon.html The Red Balloon (1956, Fr.) (aka Le Ballon Rouge) - filmsite.org
  139. https://www.filmsite.org/paisan.html Paisan (1946) - filmsite.org
  140. https://www.filmsite.org/mhulotsholiday.html Monsieur Hulot's Holiday (1953) - filmsite.org
  141. https://www.filmsite.org/diamondsofthenight.html Diamonds of the Night (1964) - filmsite.org
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