Legislative Assembly of Minas Gerais explained

Legislative Assembly of Minas Gerais
Native Name:Assembleia Legislativa de Minas Gerais
Legislature:19th Legislature
Coa Pic:Brasão de Minas Gerais.svg
Coa Caption:Minas Gerais coat of arms
Coa Alt:A coat of arms with a large red star in the middle bearing mining equipment. Above the star are the words "Libertas Quae Sera Tamen." The coat of arms is surrounded by a wreath of red berries and green leaves, with two stems of leaves sprouting from the bottom and framing a banner stating "Estado de Minas Gerais." A green ribbon is at the bottom; on the left tail, it says "15 de junho" and on the right, "de 1891."
House Type:Unicameral
Leader1 Type:President
Leader2 Type:Vice Presidents
Leader2:Antonio Carlos Arantes, PSDB (1st)
Jean Freire, PT (2nd)
Alencar da Silveira, Jr., PDT (3rd)
Leader3 Type:Secretaries
Leader3:Tadeu Martins Leite, MDB (1st); Carlos Henrique, REP (2nd); Arlen Santiago, PTB (3rd)
Seats:77
Last Election1:2021 (Board)
Next Election1:2022 (Board)
Last Election2:2019 (Deputies)
Next Election2:2023 (Deputies)
Structure1:Brasil Minas Gerais Parliament 2018 Update 2022.svg
Structure1 Res:240px
Session Room:Assembleia.JPG
Session Res:250px

The Legislative Assembly of Minas Gerais (Portuguese: Assembleia Legislativa de Minas Gerais) is the state legislature of Brazil's Minas Gerais state.[1] It consists of 77 state deputies elected by proportional representation[2] and is based in Belo Horizonte, the state capital.[1] The Assembly has been based at the Palácio da Inconfidência since the building's 1972 opening; it was made a national heritage site in 2009.[3]

Deputies elected in the 2018 Brazilian state elections took office in February 2019 as part of the 19th Legislature.[4] Their terms will end in February 2023.[4] Agostinho Patrus of Brazil's Green Party is currently the Assembly president.[5]

History

Brazil's 1824 Constitution, the first since claiming independence from Portugal in 1822, began establishing governmental and legislative powers; Ouro Preto, then the capital of Minas Gerais, was chosen as the province's main administrative hub. It was written to the benefit of wealthy landowners and put native Brazilians, many of them Indigenous or Black, at a disadvantage, particularly because early laws allowed for slavery.[6] An 1834 Amendment allowed its provinces, including Minas Gerais, to establish provincial legislation.[7] [8] [9] At the time of the provincial legislature's establishment, Minas Gerais had more enslaved people than any other province in Brazil.[6]

In 1889, Emperor Pedro II, the final monarch of the Empire of Brazil, was quietly overthrown by the military, who established the First Brazilian Republic, formally known as the United States of Brazil.[10] Wealthy men who had previously owned slaves, as well Minas Gerais and São Paulo, Brazil's largest and richest provinces, headed the coup d'état and the subsequent creation of a republic.[11] [12] Emperor Pedro II was replaced by Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca, the first president of the new oligarchy.[12] [13]

The Empire's constitution was nullified and the Republic's federalist constitution replaced it in 1891.[14] Provinces became states and, due to the decentralization of the government and increased state power, began local elections of their own political representatives and legislative bodies.[14] [13] [12] [15] Minas Gerais' first state constitution was also established in 1891 and was used, with amendments added later, until 1989.[16] The constitution created the bicameral Minas Gerais Congress and consisted of a Chamber of Deputies and a Senate.[16] Oligarchs from São Paulo and Minas Gerais took turns as president of the Republic during this period, as they held a significant amount of power in Brazil.[17] [18]

Following the Revolution of 1930, failed presidential candidate Getúlio Vargas was able to take control of the government and shift the country into the New Republic era.[19] [20] [21] This meant the dissolution of state legislatures and state power in the National Congress declined.[16] The constitution did, however, introduce proportional representation, which still exists in Brazilian politics today.[22] The 1935 Minas Gerais Constitution revived the state's unicameral, 48-person Assembly, albeit with diminished power.[16] [23] In 1937, Vargas seized absolute power and brought the country into Estado Novo, Brazil's first dictatorship.[24] Estado Novo's first constitution was put in place immediately and was inspired by Poland's 1935 authoritarian constitution.[25] This constitution did away with political parties, further decreased state legislative power by making them into "administrative divisions of a unitary state,"[21] and ended free elections.[26]

In 1945, Vargas was pushed aside and Brazil returned briefly to a democracy.[23] A democratic constitution was introduced and promised full political freedom, reduction of centralized power, and state rights to elect local political representatives.[27] [28] In 1947, the Constituent Assembly of Minas Gerais was revived, this time with 72 deputies.[23]

The 1964 military coup plunged the country into another dictatorship, this one lasting for more than 20 years.[29] [30] Institutional Acts were introduced and viewed as superior to the constitution.[30] Again, political rights were oppressed, elections were skewed, state autonomy was limited, and political parties were quashed, which created a heavily controlled bipartisan government.[31] In 1967, Minas Gerais' weakened Assembly majoritatively consisted of members of ARENA, one of the two political parties allowed under the Acts.[23] In 1984, civil unrest demanding a return to democracy began cropping up around the country.[32] While dissent from Brazilians continued, José Sarney stepped in as president when his platform partner Tancredo Neves died.[32] Sarney reestablished elections in 1986 to repopulate the National Assembly.[32] A new constitution was passed in 1988 and was the most strongly "democratic Constitution in the history of [the] country."[32] The new constitution restored power to the states, democratic elections, and other freedoms oppressed during the military dictatorship.[33] States could have their own symbols, including flags, and legislative bodies, who could pass state laws.[33] In 1989, the Legislative Assembly was again revived, this time with 77 deputies.[23]

Location

The Assembly was located in Ouro Preto for the first century or so of its existence in a free Brazil. The Assembly's library was established in 1892 and resided for 5 years in the building now hosting the Federal University of Ouro Preto's pharmacy school.[34] In 1897, as a symbol of progress, the state capital moved from Ouro Preto to Cidade de Minas, now Belo Horizonte.[35] The Assembly moved into a building on Avenida Afonso Pena and its library settled at Praça da República, now known as the Praça Afonso Arinos.[34] They later moved to a building on Rua Tamoios following a 1959 fire before settling in the newly built Palácio da Inconfidência in 1972.[34]

Organization

The Legislative Assembly of Minas Gerais (ALMG) is made up of 77 deputies.[23] The number of members is established "correspond[ing] to triple the representation of the State in the Chamber of Deputies and, when the number 36 is reached, it will be increased by as many Federal Deputies [minus] twelve."[36] Deputies are elected for four-year terms, called legislatures.[37] Each year of the legislature has a single legislative session.[38] The Plenary is the "deliberative body," where state deputies meet to discuss and vote on proposed bills.[39] The plenary is the highest court within the Assembly, with administrative authority over committees, the assembly table, party leaders, and the cabinet.[40] Some plenary events are open discussions with the public.[41]

Examples of Assembly responsibilities include:

Committees

Committees are small groups of deputies working together on a single project or focus; committee foci include public administration, financial and budget inspection, and transportation.[42] Propositions currently under consideration are debated in these sessions.[42] Opinions formed by committee members are powerful; at times, authorities and specialists from the general public are invited to weigh in and offer a different point of view.[43]

The 19th Legislature (2019–2023) has 22 permanent committees:[44]

Current legislature

Board of the Assembly

The Board of the Assembly is made up of the following politicians for the 2021–2022 term:[45]

Blocks

Each political party that has at least five deputies forms a group called a bench.[48] A block is a group made up of at least 16 deputies.[48] Blocks must be in place for legislative work to begin. Blocks must be in place for legislative work to begin.[49] Benches and blocks both have a leader and vice-leader, though party representatives with less than 5 members cannot be either.[48] Parties with large numbers of members can form a block but the limit is one per party.[48]

As of February 2021, the Assembly has three official blocks:[50]

Notable members

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Legislative Assembly of Minas Gerais (ALMG). n.d.. Tufts University. 2022-01-29. en.
  2. Web site: Deputados são eleitos pelo sistema proporcional; veja como funciona. 2018-10-05. Camara dos Deputados. 2022-01-29. pt.
  3. Web site: Sede da Assembleia é tombada como patrimônio cultural de BH. 2009-07-03. JusBrasil. 2022-01-29. pt.
  4. Web site: Saiba quem são os 77 deputados estaduais eleitos em Minas Gerais. 2018-10-07. G1. 2022-01-29. pt.
  5. Web site: Agostinho Célio Andrade Patrus. n.d.. Diario Cidade. 2022-01-29. pt.
  6. Parreira Wicks. Nilce. 2017-01-01. Pathways to Freedom: Slavery and Emancipation in Nineteenth-Century Ouro Preto, Brazil. 2017. UCLA. 2022-01-30.
  7. Web site: Machado Oliveira. Kelly Eleutério. 2017-01-01. "O CAVALO DE BATALHA DO REGRESSO": A SEGUNDA LEGISLATURA DA ASSEMBLEIA PROVINCIAL MINEIRA (1838-1839). 2022-01-29.
  8. Damasceno. Alberto. 2017. A instrução no grão-Pará imperial: do ato adicional de 1834 ao relatório Gonçalves Dias. Revista Brasileira de História da Educação. 17. 1. 38–64. 10.4025/rbhe.v17n1.829. 2022-01-29. free.
  9. Web site: Papadia. Andrea. 2019-05-01. Slaves, Migrants and Development in Brazil, 1872-1923. European University Institute. 2022-01-30.
  10. Web site: Chapter 4: Late Imperial Brazil. n.d.. Brown University Library. 2022-01-30. en.
  11. Web site: A HISTÓRIA DA CÂMARA DOS DEPUTADOS. n.d.. Camara dos Deputados. 2022-01-30. pt.
  12. Web site: The Republic. n.d.. The Library of Congress. 2022-01-30. en.
  13. Web site: Constituição de 1891. n.d.. Center for Research and Documentation of Contemporary History of Brazil. 2022-01-30. pt.
  14. Web site: Constituição de 1891. n.d.. Brasil Escola. 2022-01-30.
  15. Web site: Elites políticas mineiras na Primeira República Brasileira: um levantamento prosopográfico. Ribeiro Viscardi. Cláudia Maria. n.d.. UFJF, Brasil. 2022-01-30. pt.
  16. Web site: Fundo - CÂMARA DOS DEPUTADOS. n.d.. Arquivo Publico Mineiro. 2022-01-30. pt.
  17. Daniel. James M.. 1946. The Brazilian Revolution of 1930, Causes and Aftermath. The Historian. 9. 1. 37–42. 10.1111/j.1540-6563.1946.tb01103.x . 24442263 . 2022-01-30.
  18. Web site: History of Brazil Republic. Duran. Rebecca. 2014-02-13. The Brazil Business. 2022-01-30. en.
  19. Book: Bethell. Leslie. 2008. Volume 9: Brazil since 1930. Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CHOL9780521395243 . 9781139054232.
  20. Web site: The Rise of the Military in Politics: From the Old Republic to Estado Novo. n.d.. Brown University Library. 2022-01-30. en.
  21. Rosenn. Keith S.. 2005. Federalism in Brazil. Duquesne Law Review. 43. 577–598. 2022-01-30. en.
  22. Web site: History of TRE-MG. n.d.. Tribunal Regional Eleitoral-MG. 2022-01-30. pt.
  23. Web site: 300 ANOS DE MINAS GERAIS. 2020. Instituto dos Advogados de Minas Gerais. 2022-01-30. pt.
  24. Levine. Robert M. 1980. Perspectives on the Mid-Vargas Years 1934-1937. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs. 22. 1. 57–80. 10.2307/165612. 165612 . 2022-01-30.
  25. Saunders. JVD. 1980. A Revolution of Agreement Among Friends: The End of the Vargas Era. Hispanic American Historical Review. 44. 2. 197–213. 10.1215/00182168-44.2.197. free.
  26. Web site: The Second Republic. n.d.. Superior Electoral Court. 2022-01-30. en.
  27. Web site: Constituição Dos Estados Unidos Do Brasil (De 18 De Setembro De 1946) . Presidency of the Republic Civil House Sub-chief for Legal Affairs. 2022-01-30. pt.
  28. Web site: A 4A REPÚBLICA. n.d.. Camara dos Deputados. 2022-01-30. pt.
  29. Web site: HIST 1970E: "Brazil Under Vargas: Shaping a Nation," Spring 2015. 2015. Brown University Library. 2022-01-30. en.
  30. Web site: Constituição de 1967. Cysne. Diogo. n.d.. Info Escola. 2022-01-30. pt.
  31. Web site: Bipartidarismo - Sistema vigorou durante a ditadura militar. n.d.. uol Educacao. 2022-01-30. pt.
  32. Web site: Constituição de 1988. n.d.. Brasil Escola. 2022-01-30. pt.
  33. Web site: República Federativa de Brasil/ Federative Republic of Brazil. 2008. Edmund A Walsh School of Foreign Service. 2022-01-30. pt.
  34. Web site: Biblioteca da Assembleia Legislativa de Minas Gerais completa 125 anos. 2017-06-21. encontro. 2022-01-30. pt.
  35. Book: Briskievicz, Danilo Arnaldo. [{{Google books|wb8ZEAAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}} Comarca do Serro do Frio: História da Educação entre os Séculos XVIII ao XX].
  36. Web site: Saiba por que 77 é a quantidade de deputados estaduais em Minas Gerais. 2018-05-05. Freitas. Raquel. g1. 2022-01-30. pt.
  37. Web site: Meet the Deputies. n.d.. Minas Gerais Assembly - ALMG. 2022-01-30. pt.
  38. Web site: ENTENDA A ASSEMBLEIA. n.d.. Assembleia Legislativa de Minas Gerais. 2022-01-30. pt.
  39. Web site: PLENÁRIO. n.d.. Assembleia Legislativa de Minas Gerais. 2022-01-30. pt.
  40. Web site: ENTENDA A ASSEMBLEIA. n.d.. Assembleia Legislativa de Minas Gerais. 2022-01-30. pt.
  41. Web site: Combate à tortura é tema de debate público na ALMG. n.d.. Jusbrasil. 2022-01-30. pt.
  42. Web site: COMISSÕES. n.d.. Assembleia Legislativa de Minas Gerais. 2022-01-30. pt.
  43. Web site: Legislative Assembly of the State of Minas Gerais. n.d.. Legislative Assembly of the State of Minas Gerais. 2022-01-30. pt.
  44. Web site: COMISSÕES DA 19ª LEGISLATURA (DE 01/02/2019 A 31/01/2023). n.d.. Assembleia Legislativa de Minas Gerais. 2022-01-30. pt.
  45. Web site: Patrus é reeleito para a presidência da ALMG. 2020-12-05. Diario do Comercio. 2022-01-30. pt.
  46. Web site: Agostinho Patrus é reconduzido à presidência da Assembleia de MG. Peixoto. Guilherme. 2021-01-02. Estado de Minas. 2022-01-30. pt.
  47. Web site: Carlos Henrique é eleito segundo secretário da Assembleia de Minas Gerais. 2019-02-15. Republicanos 10. 2022-01-30. pt.
  48. Web site: REPRESENTAÇÃO PARTIDÁRIA . n.d. . Assembleia Legislativa de Minas Gerais . 2022-01-30 . pt . https://web.archive.org/web/20211119001836/https://www.almg.gov.br/deputados/representacao_partidaria/index.html . 19 November 2021 . dead.
  49. Web site: Trapalhada deixa Zema sem bloco parlamentar e ameaça até secretário. 2021-02-04. Alem do Fato. 2022-01-30. pt.
  50. Web site: Bloco de apoio a Zema cresce na ALMG, mas ainda está longe de ser maioria. 2021-02-12. Estado de Minas. 2022-01-30. Muratori. Matheus. pt.
  51. Web site: RONDON PACHECO. n.d.. GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF MINAS GERAIS. 2022-01-29. pt.
  52. Web site: Aécio Ferreira da Cunha. n.d.. Center for Research and Documentation of Contemporary History of Brazil. 2022-01-29. pt.
  53. Web site: Morre Aureliano Chaves. 2003-04-30. Assembleia Legislativa do Estado de Sao Paulo. 2022-01-29. pt.
  54. Web site: EX-DEPUTADO BONIFÁCIO ANDRADA MORRE EM DECORRÊNCIA DA COVID. 2021-01-05. Congresso em Foco. 2022-01-29. pt.
  55. Web site: BONIFACIO JOSE TAMM DE ANDRADA. n.d.. Center for Research and Documentation of Contemporary History of Brazil. 2022-01-29. pt.
  56. Web site: GARCIA, Hélio. n.d.. Center for Research and Documentation of Contemporary History of Brazil. 2022-01-29. pt.
  57. Web site: STARLING, Sandra. n.d.. Center for Research and Documentation of Contemporary History of Brazil. 2022-01-29. pt.
  58. Web site: Morre a ex-deputada Sandra Starling, uma das fundadoras do PT. 2021-12-15. Sao Goncalo Agora. 2022-01-29. pt.
  59. Web site: NILMÁRIO MIRANDA. n.d.. Camara dos Deputados. 2022-01-29. pt.
  60. Web site: Ex-deputado Ivair Nogueira morre vítima da Covid-19 em BH. 2021-03-31. VAconteceu no vale. 2022-01-29. pt.
  61. Web site: Pinduca, ex-deputado estadual, morre aos 68 anos por complicações da Covid-19. Alves. Jose Augusto. 2021-04-11. O Tempo. 2022-01-29. pt.
  62. Web site: Morre de covid-19 deputado mineiro Luiz Humberto Carneiro. Bouças. Cibelle. 2021-04-17. Valor. 2022-01-29. pt.
  63. Web site: Conheça os 77 deputados estaduais eleitos em Minas Gerais. 2014-10-06. aconteceu no vale. 2022-01-29. pt.
  64. Web site: Lincoln Tejota participará de decisão sobre federação que pode incluir o PSDB. 2022-01-20. O Popular. 2022-01-29. pt.
  65. Web site: Após 22 meses, Justiça de MG notifica ex-senador Zezé Perrella, que vira réu por improbidade administrativa. Ragazzi. Lucas. Pimentel. Thais. 2020-07-16. G1. 2022-01-29. pt.
  66. Web site: EROS BIONDINI. n.d.. Camara dos Deputados. 2022-01-29. pt.
  67. Web site: Ex-deputado George Hilton, de 50 anos, se aposenta pela Assembleia. Ragazzi. Lucas. 2021-06-24. 2022-01-29. pt.
  68. Web site: Câmara Municipal lamenta o falecimento de Leonardo Moreira. de Almeida. Raquel. 2020-12-01. Chamber of Bom Jardim de Minas. 2022-01-29. pt.
  69. Web site: Primeira mulher negra da ALMG foi eleita com apoio de movimento de renovação. Cotrim. Jonathan. 2018-10-11. Terra. 2022-01-29. pt.

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