Military academy explained
A military academy or service academy is an educational institution which prepares candidates for service in the officer corps. It normally provides education in a military environment, the exact definition depending on the country concerned.
Three types of academy exist: pre-collegiate-level institutions awarding academic qualifications, university-level institutions awarding bachelor's-degree-level qualifications, and those preparing officer cadets for commissioning into the armed services of the state.
A naval academy is either a type of military academy (in the broad sense of that term) or is distinguished from one (in the narrow sense). In U.S. usage, the Military, Merchant Marine, Naval, Coast Guard, and the Air Force Academy serve as military academies under the categorization of service academies in that country.
History
The first military academies were established in the 18th century to provide future officers for technically specialized corps, such as military engineers and artillery, with scientific training.
The Italian Military Academy was inaugurated in Turin on January 1, 1678, as the Savoy Royal Academy, making it the oldest military academy in existence.[1] The Royal Danish Naval Academy was set up in 1701.[2] The Royal Military Academy, Woolwich was set up in 1741, after a false start in 1720 because of a lack of funds,[3] as the earliest military academy in Britain. Its original purpose was to train cadets entering the Royal Artillery and Royal Engineers. In France, the École Royale du Génie at Mézières was founded in 1748, followed by a non-technical academy in 1751, the École Royale Militaire offering a general military education to the nobility. French military academies were widely copied in Prussia, Austria, Russia. The Norwegian Military Academy in Oslo, educates officers of the Norwegian Army. The academy was established in 1750, and is the oldest institution for higher education in Norway.
By the turn of the century, under the impetus of the Napoleonic Wars and the strain that the armies of Europe subsequently came under, military academies for the training of commissioned officers of the army were set up in most of the combatant nations. These military schools had two functions: to provide instruction for serving officers in the functions of the efficient staff-officer, and to school youngsters before they gained an officer's commission.[4] The Kriegsakademie in Prussia was founded in 1801 and the École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr was created by order of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1802 as a replacement for the École Royale Militaire of the Ancien Régime (the institution that Napoleon himself had graduated from).
The Royal Military College, Sandhurst, in England was the brainchild of John Le Marchant in 1801,[5] who established schools for the military instruction of officers at High Wycombe and Great Marlow, with a grant of £30,000 from Parliament. The two original departments were later combined and moved to Sandhurst.
In the United States, the United States Military Academy (USMA) in West Point, New York was founded on March 16, 1802, and is one of five service academies in the nation.
Types
Pre-collegiate institutions
See also: Military high school. A military school teaches children of various ages (elementary school, middle school or high school) in a military environment which includes training in military aspects, such as drill. Many military schools are also boarding schools, and others are simply magnet schools in a larger school system. Many are privately run institutions, though some are public and are run either by a public school system (such as the Chicago Public Schools) or by a state.
Adult institutions
A college-level military academy is an institute of higher learning of things military. It is part of a larger system of military education and training institutions. The primary educational goal at military academies is to provide a high quality education that includes significant coursework and training in the fields of military tactics and military strategy. The amount of non-military coursework varies by both the institution and the country, and the amount of practical military experience gained varies as well.
Military academies may or may not grant university degrees. In the US, graduates have a major field of study, earning a Bachelor's degree in that subject just as at other universities. However, in British academies, the graduate does not achieve a university degree, since the whole of the one-year course (undertaken mainly but not exclusively by university graduates) is dedicated to military training.
There are two types of military academies: national (government-run) and state/private-run.
- Graduates from national academies are typically commissioned as officers in the country's military. The new officers usually have an obligation to serve for a certain number of years. In some countries (e.g. Britain) all military officers train at the appropriate academy, whereas in others (e.g. the United States) only a percentage do and the service academies are seen as institutions which supply service-specific officers within the forces (about 15 percent of US military officers).
- State or private-run academy graduates have no requirement to join the military after graduation, although some schools have a high rate of graduate military service. Today, most of these schools have ventured away from their military roots and now enroll both military and civilian students. The only exception in the United States is the Virginia Military Institute which remains all-military.
Albania
Angola
- Army Military Academy
- National Air Force Academy
- Naval Academy
Argentina
Argentine Army
Argentine Navy
Argentine Air Force
- Escuela de Aviación Militar (Military Aviation School), in the city of Córdoba
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Cadet colleges in Bangladesh
See main article: List of cadet colleges in Bangladesh.
Belarus
Belgium
Bolivia
- Military College of Bolivia (Colegio Militar del Ejército de Bolivia)[7]
- Bolivian Military Naval Academy
- Bolivian Air Force Academy
Brazil
Basic Education
(offers an education with military values for civilians students of primary and secondary school)Brazilian Army:
- (SCMB)[8] (Military High School of Brazil System)
- (CMBel) (Military High School of Belém)
- (CMBH) (Military High School of Belo Horizonte)
- (CMB) (Military High School of Brasília)
- (CMCG) (Military High School of Campo Grande)
- (CMC) (Military High School of Curitiba)
- (CMF) (Military High School of Fortaleza)
- (CMJF) (Military High School of Juiz de Fora)
- (CMM) (Military High School of Manaus)
- (CMPA) (Military High School of Porto Alegre)
- (CMR) (Military High School of Recife)
- (CMRJ) (Military High School of Rio de Janeiro)
- (CMS) (Military High School of Salvador)
- (CMSM) (Military High School of Santa Maria)
- Colégio Militar de São Paulo (CMSP) (Military High School of São Paulo)
Preparatory Schools
(prepares students for admission to one of the official training academies)Brazilian Army:[9]
Brazil's Navy:[10]
Brazilian Air Force:[11]
- (EPCAR) (Air Cadets Preparatory School)
Sailor and Marine Soldier Training
Brazil's Navy:
- Centro de Instrução Almirante Milcíades Portela Alves (CIAMPA) (Admiral Milcíades Portela Alves Instruction Center)
- Centro de Instrução e Adestramento de Brasília (CIAB) (Brasília Instruction and Training Center)
- (EAM) (Apprentices-Sailors School)
- (EAMCE) (Ceará Apprentices-Sailors School)
- (EAMES) (Espirito Santo Apprentices-Sailors School)
- (EAMPE) (Pernambuco Apprentices-Sailors School)
- (EAMSC) (Santa Catarina Apprentices-Sailors School)
Sergeants Training
Brazilian Army:
- (ESA) (Sergeant Weapons School)
- (EsSLog) (Sergeant of Logistics School)
- (CiAvEx) (Army Aviation Instruction Center)
Brazil's Navy:
- Centro de Instrução Almirante Alexandrino (CIAA) (Admiral Alexandrino Instruction Center)
- Centro de Instrução Almirante Sylvio de Camargo (CIASC) (Admiral Sylvio de Camargo Instruction Center)
Brazilian Air Force:
- (EEAR) (Air Force Specialists School)
Officers Training
Brazilian Army:
Brazil's navy:
Brazilian Air Force:
- (AFA) (Air Force Academy)
- Centro de Instrução e Adaptação da Aeronáutica (CIAAR) (Air Force Instruction and Adaptation Center)
- Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA) (Aeronautics Institute of Technology)
Bulgaria
Canada
Two post-secondary military academies are operated under the Canadian Military Colleges system, the Royal Military College of Canada (RMCC) in Kingston, Ontario; and Royal Military College Saint-Jean (RMC Saint-Jean) in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec. RMCC was established in 1876, while RMC Saint-Jean was established in 1954.[12] The two institutions provided military education to officer cadets of all three elements in the Canadian Forces; the navy, army and air force; with RMC granted the authority to confer academic degrees in arts, science and engineering by the 1960s.[13] From 1940 to 1995, the Department of National Defence operated a third military college in Victoria, British Columbia, known as Royal Roads Military College (RRMC).[12]
Graduates of the Colleges are widely acknowledged to have had a disproportionate impact in the Canadian services and society, thanks to the solid foundations provided by their military education.[14] Military discipline and training, as well as a focus on physical fitness and fluency in both of Canada's two official languages, English and French, provided cadets with ample challenges and a very fulfilling experience.[15] In 1995 the Department of National Defence was forced to close RRMC and RMC Saint-Jean due to budget considerations, but RMCC continues to operate.[16] (In the fall of 1995, the campus reopened as a civilian institution, Royal Roads University.) In 2007, the Department of National Defence reopened RMC Saint-Jean as a military academy that offers equivalent schooling as CEGEP, a level of post-secondary education in Quebec's education system. In 2021 RMC Saint-Jean was returned to University status and had officer cadets graduate and received their commission for the first time since 1995.[17]
In addition to Canadian Military Colleges, the Canadian Armed Forces also operate a number of training centres and schools, including the Canadian Forces College, and the Canadian Forces Language School. The components of the Canadian Armed Forces also maintain training centres and schools. The Canadian Army Doctrine and Training Centre (CADTC) is a formation in the Army that delivers combat, and doctrinal training. The CADTC includes several training establishments, such as the Canadian Manoeuvre Training Centre, Combat Training Centre, Command and Staff College, and the Peace Support Training Centre. The 2 Canadian Air Division is the formation responsible for training in the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), and includes establishments like the Royal Canadian Air Force Academy, 2 Canadian Forces Flying Training School, and 3 Canadian Forces Flying Training School. The RCAF also maintains the Canadian Forces School of Survival and Aeromedical Training.
In addition to publicly operated institutions, Canada is also home to one private military boarding school, Robert Land Academy, in West Lincoln, Ontario. Founded in 1978, it is an all-boys' institute that is fully accredited by Ontario's Ministry of Education. The school offers elementary and secondary levels of education, providing schooling for students from Grade 6 to Grade 12.
Colombia
National Army of Colombia
Colombian Air Force
Colombian Naval Infantry and Colombian Navy:
National Police of Colombia
Czech Republic
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Denmark
Egypt
El Salvador
Estonia
Finland
France
High schools
Officer academies
the French Air Force Academy
the French Naval Academy
- École des officiers de la gendarmerie nationale (EOGN): gendarmerie commissioned officers academy
- École Polytechnique (X): a French engineering grande école of military status. Though all of its French engineering students are enlisted and trained as officers, 5% of its graduates remain in the military after graduation.[18]
- ENSTA Bretagne: a French engineering grande école of military status. Only 1/4 of its students are actual officers-in-training.
- École de Santé des Armées: medical school of French army
- National Military Infrastructure Engineers Academy: trains military engineers of the Armed Forces, opened 2013 (also one of the newest)
Postgraduate academies
- École d'état-major (Staff school): first step of higher military studies, for officer of OF-2 rank.
- École de Guerre (War School): second step of higher military studies, mainly for ranks OF-2 and OF-3 who want to continue the command track (e.g. to command battalion or regiment).
- Collège d'enseignement supérieur de l'armée de terre (Army Higher Education College): second step of military education, but for officers whishing to achieve a high-level specialization.
- Cours supérieur d'état-major (Advanced Staff Course)
- Enseignement militaire supérieur scientifique et technique (Higher Technical and Scientific Education).
- Centre des hautes études militaire (Center for Advanced Military Studies): final step of military education, for very few selected OF-5. Its students also attend the civilian institut des hautes études de défense nationale.
Georgia
-
- Junior Officer Basic School
- Aviation Air Defense Officer Basic School
- Medical Officer School
- Captain Career School
- Command and General Staff School
- School of Advance Defense Studies
- Language Training School
[19]
Germany
The standard education in military leadership is the task of the Offizierschulen (officers' schools) run by the three branches. The contents differ from branch to branch. According to the doctrine "leading by task", in the army all prospective platoon leaders are trained down to the level of a commander of a mixed combat battalion. There they also have to pass an officer exam to become commissioned later on.
Moreover, there exist so called Waffenschulen (school of weapons) like infantry school or artillery school. There the officers learn to deal with the typical tasks of their respective corps.
A specialty of the German concept of officer formation is the academic education. Germany runs two Universities of the German Federal Armed Forces where almost every future officer has to pass non-military studies and achieve a bachelor's or master's degree. During their studies (after at least three years of service) the candidates become commissioned Leutnant (second lieutenant).
The three officer's schools are:
Academic and staff education:
Greece
The Hellenic Armed Forces have military academies supervised by each branch of the Armed Forces individually:
Highest Military Academies (ΑΣΣ) or Higher Military Educational Institutions (ΑΣΕΙ):
Higher Military NCO Academies (ΑΣΣΥ):
- The Hellenic Army supervises the Military Non-commissioned Officers' Academy (ΣΜΥ).
- The Hellenic Air Force supervises the Air Force Non-commissioned Officers' Academy (ΣΜΥΑ).
- The Hellenic Navy supervises the Naval Non-commissioned Officers' Academy (ΣΜΥΝ).
Despite their names, their alumni can advance to the rank of Antisyntagmatarchis/Antipterachos/Antiploiarchos.
Hungary
India
See main article: Military academies in India.
Indonesia
The Indonesian Military Academy[20] was founded in Yogyakarta, October 13, 1945, by the order of General Staff Chief of Indonesia Army Lieutenant General Urip Sumohardjo as the Militaire Academie (MA) Yogyakarta.
Currently, the Tentara Nasional Indonesia or the TNI (Indonesian National Armed Forces), under the supervision of the Commanding General of the Indonesian National Armed Forces Academy System (a two or three-star officer in billet) in the HQ of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, has divided the academies into the three respective services:
- Indonesian Military Academy (Akademi Militer; Akmil), in Magelang, Central Java, is under the supervision of the Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Army, operated since 1946.
- Indonesian Naval Academy (Akademi Angkatan Laut; AAL), in Surabaya, East Java, is under the supervision of the Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Navy. The Indonesian Naval Academy also educates and forms officers to serve in the Indonesian Marine Corps. In existence since 1951.
- Indonesian Air Force Academy (Akademi Angkatan Udara; AAU), in Yogyakarta, is under the supervision of the Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Air Force. The academy has three majorings which are: electronics, engineering, and administration. Following graduation, students who are selected as Pilot and Navigator conduct further training in the Pilot and Navigator Flight School prior bearing the Pilot/Navigator designation. Active since 1945 (with its current form since 1965), but also inherits the traditions of former Dutch military aviation schools.
Each service academy is headed by a two-star general who serves as superintendent, and his/her deputy is a one-star officer. All the students (cadets/midshipman) are recruited from senior high school graduates from all over Indonesia. Shortly after graduation, they are commissioned as Letnan Dua (Second Lieutenant/Ensign) in their respective service branches and receive a bachelor's degree comparable to those awarded by civil academies or universities. The length term is now 4 years and is divided into five grades of cadets' ranks, starting from the lowest:
- Prajurit Taruna (Cadet Private), 1st year (4 months)
- Kopral Taruna (Cadet Corporal), 1st year (8 months)
- Sersan Taruna (Cadet Sergeant), 2nd year
- Sersan Mayor Dua Taruna (Cadet Second Sergeant Major), 3rd year
- Sersan Mayor Satu Taruna (Cadet First Sergeant Major), 4th year
Taruna is also a nickname to cadets in the Military, Naval, and Air Force Academies, however other nicknames such as Kadet refers to cadets in the Naval Academy, while Karbol refers to cadets in the Air Force Academy. The term "Taruna" however still applies to all cadets from the three academies.
Until 1999, before the Indonesian National Police officially separated from the armed forces, the Indonesian Police Academy ("AKPOL") also stood under the National Armed Forces Academy but now has separated from the Military and is under the auspices of the President of Indonesia controlled by the National Police Headquarters (Mabes Polri), where in the other hand the Armed Forces (Army, Naval, and Air Force) Academies of Indonesia is under the auspices of the Ministry of Defense controlled by the Armed Forces General Headquarters (Mabes TNI). Presently, the Police Academy is in Semarang (Central Java), and is supervised under the supervision of the Chief of the Indonesian National Police (Kapolri).
All three academies and the Police Academy have a joint 4th class cadet training program since 2008, after completing it the cadets go to their respective academies to continue with the three remaining years of study before commissioning.
Iran
Iran has five main military universities:
- Imam Ali Officers' University (Persian: دانشگاه افسری امام علی; acronym:[21] دا اف, DĀʿAF), formerly known as Officers' School (Persian: دانشکده افسری) is the military academy of Ground Forces of Islamic Republic of Iran Army, in Tehran, Iran.
- Shahid Sattari Aeronautical University (Persian: دانشگاه علوم و فنون هوایی شهید ستاری) is the military academy of Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force, in Tehran, Iran.
- Imam Khomeini Naval University of Noshahr (Persian: دانشگاه علوم و فنون دریایی امام خمینی) is the military academy of Islamic Republic of Iran Navy, in Noshahr, Mazandaran, Iran.
- Khatam al-Anbia Air Defense Academy (Persian: دانشگاه پدافند هوایی خاتمالانبیاء آجا) is the military academy of Islamic Republic of Iran Air Defense Force, in Tehran, Iran.
- Imam Hossein University (Persian: دانشگاه امام حسین; acronym: IHU) is the military academy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, in Tehran, Iran.
- Amir Al-Momenin University of Military Sciences and Technology
Israel
Italy
High school level institutions (only for classical and scientific liceum, starting from grade 10):
- Scuola Militare Nunziatella, founded during the Bourbon Period in 1787, in Italian Army, Naples
- Scuola Militare Teulié, founded during the Napoleonic period in 1802, Italian Army, Milan
- Scuola Militare Navale Morosini, Italian Navy, Venice
- Scuola Militare Aeronautica Douhet, Italian Air Force, Florence
2009–2010 school year was the first school year with girls attending.
Non Commissioned Officer (NCO) schools:
- Army: Scuola sottufficiali dell'Esercito Italiano, Viterbo
- Navy: Scuola sottufficiali della Marina Militare, Taranto and Law Maddalena
- Air Force: Scuola marescialli dell'Aeronautica Militare, Viterbo
- Carabinieri: Scuola marescialli e brigadieri dei carabinieri, Firenze
- Guardia di Finanza: Scuola ispettori e sovrintendenti della Guardia di Finanza, L'Aquila
University level institutions:
Japan
Universities
Officer Candidate Schools
- JGSDF Officer Candidate School, Kurume
- JMSDF Officer Candidate School, Etajima (Naval Academy Etajima)
- JASDF Officer Candidate School, Nara
Officer Colleges
- Joint Staff College
- JGSDF Training Evaluation Research and Development Command
- JMSDF Staff College
- JASDF Staff College
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Secondary level institutions:
University level:
Specialist training and staff institutions:
- Officers Cadet School in Port Dickson (OCS)
- Malaysian Armed Forces Staff College[24] (Maktab Turus Angkatan Tentera)
- Armed Forces Health Training Institute[25] (Institut Latihan Kesihatan Angkatan Tentera)
- Malaysian Peacekeeping Training Centre[26] (Pusat Latihan Pengaman Malaysia)
Reserve Officer Training Units (Malay: Pasukan Latihan Pegawai Simpanan or Malay: PALAPES) or ROTU exists only in public universities in Malaysia. This is a tertiary institution based officer commissioning program to equip students as officer cadets with military knowledge and understanding for service as Commissioned Officers in the reserve components of the various branches of the Malaysian Armed Forces.
Mexico
Moldova
Mongolia
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
New Zealand
Tier One – initial officer training
Tier Two – junior officer education
Tier Three – senior officer education
Nigeria
High school training
Undergraduate officer training
Postgraduate officer training
Norway
Undergraduate officer training
Postgraduate training
- Norwegian Defence Staff College, Oslo (joint)
- Norwegian National Defence College, Oslo (civil service/very senior officers)
Pakistan
- Pakistan Military Academy, Kakul
- Pakistan Air Force Academy, Risalpur
- Pakistan Naval Academy, Karachi
- Command and Staff College, Quetta
- National Defence University, Islamabad
- Pakistan Navy War College, Lahore
- PAF Air War College, Karachi
- Army Burn Hall College, for boys, Abbottabad
- Army Public College of Management Sciences (public sector)
- Military College Jhelum, Jhelum District
- Military College Murree, Rawalpindi District
- Military College Sui, Dera Bugti District
- PAF College Sargodha
- PAF College Murre Hills
- Cadet College Razmak, Razmak North Waziristan Agency
- Cadet College Kohat
- Cadet College Wana
- Cadet College Spinkai
- Cadet College Mastung
- Cadet College Petaro, Pakistan Navy
- Garrison Cadet College Kohat
- Cadet College Skardu
Paraguay
People's Republic of China
Peru
Undergraduate officer training
Philippines
The Philippines patterned all its service academies after the United States Military Academy (West Point) and the United States Merchant Marine Academy (King's Point).
These higher education institutions are operated by the Philippine Government and grant different baccalaureate degrees.
- Philippine Military Academy (Akademiyang Militar ng Pilipinas), City of Baguio – It is the primary training school of the Armed Forces of the Philippines for would be regular commissioned officers of the Philippine Army, Philippine Navy, Philippine Marine Corps and the Philippine Air Force. It is under the control of the Department of National Defense. Its former name was the Philippine Constabulary Academy. During the American colonial rule era, U.S. Army Cavalry Officers established the school for the professionalization of the enlisted personnel of the defunct Philippine Constabulary. It was renamed the Philippine Military Academy before the 1930s. In 1992, PMA stopped providing graduates to the Philippine Constabulary after the passage of Republic Act 6975 which resulted in the merger of the Philippine Constabulary and the Integrated National Police. The merged institutions was named the Philippine National Police. Beginning in 1993, PMA became a co-educational school.
- Philippine Merchant Marine Academy, Zambales – It is a school for students who shall serve in different private shipping companies, foreign or local. Its graduates may serve in the Philippine Coast Guard and the Philippine Navy as an ensign after graduation depending upon their choice. All PMMA graduates are also automatically appointed by the president of the Philippines as ensigns (2nd lieutenants) in the Philippine Navy Reserve. This is the oldest of the Philippine service academies having been established in 1820 during the long period of Spanish colonial rule in the country, and was first situated in Manila for many years.
Aside from the PMA and the PMMA, all three branches of the AFP have their own Officer Candidate Course Programs for both men and women, patterned after their US counterparts.
The nation's higher military colleges are:
Poland
Portugal
Pre-university level institution
Undergraduate officer training
Postgraduate and staff training
- Instituto Universitário Militar, Lisbon – joint command and staff college
Republic of China (Taiwan)
Republic of Ireland
Republic of Korea
See main article: Republic of Korea military academies.
The three main military academies:
Other military academies:
Romania
Russia
See also: Cadet Corps (Russia), Military academies in Russia
First stage of training
- The Cadet Corps is an admissions-based military middle school for young boys that was founded in the Russian Empire in 1732, soon becoming widespread throughout the country.
- Moscow Cossacks Cadet Corps
- Moscow Cadet Corps of Military Music
- Moscow Diplomatic Cadet Corps
- Moscow Cadet Corps "Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad"
- Moscow Representative Sea Cadet Corps of the Navigation and Mathematics School
- Moscow Sea Cadet Corps Heroes of Sevastopol
Secondary education
- Suvorov Military Schools are a type of boarding school in modern Russia for boys aged 14–18. Education in such these schools focuses on military related subjects.
- Tula S.M.S. (reopening 2016 after 56 years of closure)
Post-secondary education
Staff college
Serbia
Singapore
Slovakia
- Akadémia ozbrojených síl generála Milana Rastislava Štefánika
Somalia
- Camp TURKSOM trains both officers and NCOs, offers a two-year course for officers and a one-year course for NCOs.
South Africa
Spain
- General Military Academy, Zaragoza
- Academia General del Aire, San Javier
- Naval Military Academy, Marín
- Escuela Superior de las Fuerzas Armadas
- Academia Central de la Defensa
- Academia de Artillería
- Academia de Infantería
- Academia de Caballería
- Academia de Ingenieros
- Academia de Logística
- Academia General Básica de Suboficiales
- Navy NCO School
- Academia Básica del Aire
- Escuela Militar de Montaña y Operaciones Especiales
Sri Lanka
University
Officer training
Staff training
Sweden
Undergraduate officer training
Postgraduate training
Tanzania
Thailand
- Secondary level
- University level
- Medicine, University level
- Non Commissioned Officer (NCO) schools
- Officer candidate school
- RTAF Officer Training School ; RTAF
Turkey
Turkmenistan
See main article: Turkmen military academies.
Uganda
See main article: List of military schools in Uganda. Uganda maintains the followings military training institutions, as of December 2010:[27]
- Bihanga Military Training School – at Bihanga, in Ibanda District, Western Uganda[28]
- Kalama Warfare Training School – at Kabamba, Mubende District[29] [30] [31]
- National Leadership Institute (NALI) – at Kyankwanzi, Kyankwanzi District
- Oliver Tambo School of Leadership – at Kaweweta, Nakaseke District[32] [33]
- Uganda Air Defence and Artillery School – at Nakasongola in Nakasongola District
- Uganda Military Airforce Academy – at Nakasongola in Nakasongola District[34]
- University of Military Science and Technology – at Lugazi, Buikwe District[35]
- Uganda Junior Staff College – at Qaddafi Barracks, Jinja
- Uganda Military Academy – at Kabamba, Mubende District
- Uganda Senior Command and Staff College – at Kimaka, Jinja
- Uganda Urban Warfare Training School – at Singo, Kiboga District[36]
Ukraine
Staff colleges
Service academies
- Hetman Petro Sahaydachnyi National Ground Force Academy, Lviv[38]
- Ivan Kozhedub Kharkiv National Air Force University, Kharkiv
- Institute of the Naval Forces of the National University "Odessa Maritime Academy", Odesa
- Odesa Military Academy, Odesa
- Ukrainian Military Medical Academy, Kyiv
- Yevgeny Bereznyak Military Diplomatic Academy, Kyiv
- Military Institute of Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Kyiv
- Military Institute of Telecommunication and Information Technologies named after the Heroes of Kruty, Kyiv
- Military Institute of Tank Forces named after the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine NTU "KhPI", Kharkiv
- Zhytomyr Military Institute named after S.P. Korolev, Zhytomyr
- Military Legal Institute of the Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Kharkiv
Military service academies operated by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine
Other military service academies
Reserve Officers' Training Corps (Military educational units of higher education institutions of Ukraine)
A number of public and military universities have specialized military institutes, military colleges, faculties, departments of military training, divisions of military training, departments of disaster medicine and military medicine. The purpose of such institutions is the military training of students and cadets under the reserve officer training program, and some of them conduct training, retraining and advanced training of military specialists of the appropriate levels of higher education (bachelor or master) for military service in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, others formed in accordance with the laws Ukrainian military formations (Defence Forces of Ukraine), as well as law enforcement agencies for special purposes (Security Forces of Ukraine) and the State Transport Special Service of Ukraine.
Military colleges of non-commissioned officers (Military Sergeant Colleges of Ukraine)
- NCO School of the Hetman Petro Sahaydachnyi National Ground Force Academy, Lviv
- NCO School of the Ivan Kozhedub National Air Force University, Kharkiv'
- Department of Military Training of the Professional College of Maritime Transport of the National University "Odesa Maritime Academy", Odesa
- Department of Training of Medical Assistants for the Armed Forces of Ukraine of the D. K. Zabolotny Vinnytsia Medical College, Vinnytsia
- Military Sergeant College of the Kamyanets-Podilsky Ivan Ohienko National University, Kamyanets-Podilsky
- Military Sergeant College of the Military Institute of Telecommunication and Information Technologies named after the Heroes of Kruty, Kyiv
- Military Sergeant College of the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv'
Military High Schools (Military Lyceum)
Cadets corp (Lyceum with enhanced military and physical training)
A number of public state and regional lyceum (high school) with enhanced military and physical training (boarding schools) such of cadet corps in other countries.
United Kingdom
Pre-University level institution
There are also numerous Cadet forces that operate for all branches of the armed forces for children aged 10–20. These are not designed to recruit people into the armed forces but rather are simply Ministry of Defence sponsored youth organisations.
Undergraduate service
Although an undergraduate degree is not a prerequisite for Officer training, the majority of potential Officers will have attended University before joining the Armed Forces. At some universities there may be the option for people to join either a University Royal Naval Unit, a University Officer Training Corps (UOTC) or a University Air Squadron, which are designed to introduce students to life in the Forces and show them the careers that are available. People sponsored under the Defence Technical Undergraduate Scheme will join one of the four Support Units attached to universities participating in DTUS. There is a requirement for bursars of DTUS to join the military for three years after completion of their degree, there no requirement for students of any other organisation to join the military after they finish their degree programs; and the great majority have no further contact with the armed forces. Although service with these organisations may give some initial benefit to cadets attending the military colleges/academies, the next stage of the officer training programs assumes no prior military experience/knowledge, and those that did not partake in military activities at university are not disadvantaged.
Officer training
There are now four military academies in the United Kingdom. Although the curriculum at each varies due to the differing nature of the service a man or woman is joining, it is a combination of military and academic study that is designed to turn young civilians into comprehensively trained military officers.
Officer Training for the Reserve Forces (e.g. Army Reserve, Royal Naval Reserve, RAF Reserves and Royal Marines Reserves) also takes place at the relevant military academies, but under a different curriculum and the courses tend to be concentrated into a much shorter period – a significant amount of the study will be undertaken at the cadet's reserve unit.
Postgraduate and staff training
United States
See also: List of United States military schools and academies.
Introduction
In the United States, the term "military academy" does not necessarily mean a government-owned institution run by the armed forces to train its own officers. It may also mean a middle school, high school, or college, whether public or private, which instructs its students in military-style education, discipline and tradition. Students at such civilian institutions can earn a commission in the U.S. military through the successful completion of a Reserve Officer Training Corps program along with their college or university's academic coursework.
- The term military school primarily refers to pre-collegiate secondary-school-level military institutions.
- The term military academy commonly refers to a pre-collegiate, collegiate, and post-collegiate institution, especially the U.S. military-run academies.
- The term US military staff colleges refers to separate graduate schools catering to officers on active duty.
Most state-level military academies maintain both a civilian student body and a traditional corps of cadets. The only exception is the Virginia Military Institute, which remains all-military.[39]
Federal service academies
The colleges operated by the U.S. Federal Government, referred to as federal service academies, are:
- United States Military Academy, West Point, New York
- United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland
- United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado
- United States Coast Guard Academy, New London, Connecticut
- United States Merchant Marine Academy, Kings Point, New York
Post-graduate school
Senior and junior military colleges
There is one all-military state-sponsored military academy:
In addition, these five institutions that were military colleges at the time of their founding now maintain both a corps of cadets and a civilian student body. Many of these institutions also offer on-line degree programs:
- University of North Georgia, Dahlonega, Georgia — Formed by a 2013 merger with Gainesville State College, its main predecessor institution, last known as North Georgia College & State University, was chartered as a military college. However, when NGCSU was founded in 1873 as North Georgia Agricultural College, it had both a corps and a civilian student body, and was also the state's first coeducational college.
- Norwich University Corps of Cadets. Norwich University, Northfield, Vermont is a private university in Northfield, Vermont. It is the oldest private military college in the United States. The university was founded in 1819 at Norwich, Vermont, as the American Literary, Scientific and Military Academy. It is the oldest of six senior military colleges, and is recognized by the United States Department of Defense as the "Birthplace of ROTC"
- Texas A&M Corps of Cadets, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Virginia Tech Corps of Cadets, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
Along with VMI, these institutions are known as the senior military colleges of the US.
Today four institutions are considered military junior colleges (MJC). These four military schools participate in the Army's two-year Early Commissioning Program, an Army ROTC program where qualified students can earn a commission as a Second Lieutenant after only two years of college. The four military Junior colleges are as follows:
Merchant Marine Academies that have military academy-style operations
There are six state-operated Merchant Marine academies:
These merchant marine academies operate on a military college system. Part of the training that the cadets receive is naval and military in nature. Cadets may apply for Naval Reserve commissions upon obtaining their Merchant Marine Officer's licenses. Most if not all also offer some form of military commissioning program into the active duty US Navy, US Marine Corps, or US Coast Guard.
Staff colleges
The United States staff colleges, mandated to serve the needs of officers for post-graduate studies and other such graduate institutions as mandated by the Department of Defense are:
United States Air Force Air University attached staff colleges
Staff colleges of the United States Army
Staff colleges of the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps
Joint Service staff colleges
Other post-graduate colleges operated by the DoD
Uzbekistan
Vietnam
See main article: Vietnamese military academies.
Zimbabwe
- Zimbabwe National Defence University
See also
Further reading
- Cadet, Linton Hall, Linton Hall Military School Memories: One cadet's memoir, Scrounge Press, 2014. Memoir of cadet who attended a military school for boys ages 6 to 16.
Notes and References
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- Web site: Royal Danish Naval Academy. Royal Danish Defence College. January 7, 2016. da. October 2, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191002235509/http://www.fak.dk/om/organisation/Pages/Soev%C3%A6rnetsOfficersskole.aspx. dead.
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- https://da.mod.uk/colleges/jscsc/jscsc-library/artwork/major-general-john-gaspard-le-marchant-1766-1812 Major-General John Gaspard Le Marchant (1766–1812)
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- Web site: Conheça os 14 Colégios Militares - Colégios Militares. 2021-03-14. Ingresso. pt-BR. April 16, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210416164553/https://www.eb.mil.br/web/ingresso/colegios-militares/-/asset_publisher/8E9mFznTlAQW/content/conheca-os-12-colegios-militar-1. dead.
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- H16511 Richard Arthur Preston "To Serve Canada: A History of the Royal Military College of Canada" 1997 Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1969.
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- http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/670922 List of Uganda Military Schools
- Web site: 1000 TFG Somali soldiers passed out at Bihanga military training. January 25, 2021. December 15, 2010. December 17, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101217040123/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/1073108/-/ck022oz/-/index.html. live.
- Web site: Kalama Warfare Training School Opened in 2005 at Kabamba. https://web.archive.org/web/20201204074152/https://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/19/416815/Kabamba. dead. December 4, 2020.
- Web site: Museveni shakes up top army command. January 24, 2021. February 2, 2010. February 4, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100204103330/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/853984/-/whx3jl/-/index.html. live.
- http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/19/427401 Kalama Warfare Training School at Kabamba
- http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/714298/Oliver%20Tambo Oliver Tambo Leadership School at Kaweweta, Nakaseke District
- http://sundayvision.co.ug/detail.php?mainNewsCategoryId=7&newsCategoryId=123&newsId=744584 South Africa Donates Equipment to Oliver Tambo School
- Web site: About Uganda Airforce Academy. https://web.archive.org/web/20201204071132/https://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/669711/Uganda%20Military%20Aviation%20Academy. dead. December 4, 2020.
- http://www.sundayvision.co.ug/detail.php?mainNewsCategoryId=7&newsCategoryId=128&newsId=745820 The NUST at Lugazi
- http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/741915 About Uganda Urban Warfare Training School
- Official website of National Defense University of Ukraine
- Web site: History of Academy. Army Academy named after hetman Petro Sahaydachyi. July 3, 2013. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20131103101433/http://www.asv.gov.ua/content.php?lang=en&page=1_0. November 3, 2013.
- Web site: Standberry. Lee. Top 10 Military Colleges in America. TopTenz.net. August 8, 2016. https://archive.today/20160624032118/http://www.toptenz.net/top-10-military-schools.php/2. June 24, 2016. May 9, 2012. Unlike other military colleges (the federal service academies), all of VMI's students are members of the Corps of Cadets. This tradition of not offering civilian programs is in keeping with VMI efforts to offer students 'a Spartan, physically and academically demanding environment combined with strict military discipline.'.