Military career and honours of Francisco Franco explained
The military career of Francisco Franco Bahamonde began on 29 August 1907, when he took the oath as a cadet at the Spanish Toledo Infantry Academy. On 13 July 1910 he graduated from Infantry Academy and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Spanish Army, in the same promotion as Juan Yagüe, Emilio Esteban Infantes, Camilo Alonso Vega, José Asensio, Lisardo Doval Bravo and Eduardo Sáenz de Buruaga. He rose through the ranks over the next twenty years and became one of the most important Spanish commissioned officers of the Rif War. On 31 January 1926 Franco, aged 33, became the youngest general in all of Europe. In January 1928 he was then chosen to direct the newly formed General Military Academy in Zaragoza. From 19 May 1935 to 23 February 1936, Franco was elevated to Chief of Army Staff before the 1936 election moved the leftist Popular Front into power, relegating him to the Canary Islands as Commander of the Archipelago Force. After initial reluctance, he joined the July 1936 military coup which, after failing to take Spain, sparked the Spanish Civil War.
During the war, he commandeered Spain's colonial army in Africa and after the death of much of the rebel leadership became his faction's only leader. On 1 October 1936, in Burgos, Franco was appointed Generalissimo and Head of State. He consolidated all nationalist parties into the FET y de las JONS (creating a one-party state). Three years later the Nationalists declared victory and thereafter ruled over Spain from 1939 until his death in 1975 assuming the title Caudillo.
Styles
- 3 August[1] 30 September 1936: "The Most Excellent Divisional general Francisco Franco Bahamonde, Member of the National Defence Board."
- 30 September1 October 1936: "His Excellency the Head of the State Government and Generalissimo of the Armies.
- 1 October19 December 1936: "His Excellency the Head of the State and Generalissimo of the Armies.
- 19 December 1936† 20 November 1975 : "His Excellency the Head of the State, Caudillo of Spain and the Crusade, Generalissimo of the Armies.[2] [3]
Nicknames
- Homo missus a Deo (A man sent from God).
- Providential man
- Sentinel of the West
- Crusader of the West
- Prince of the armies
- The cleanest sword of the West/Europe
- Supreme captain of the Race
- Undefeated Caesar Saviour of the Fatherland/Spain
- The only victor against Marxism on the field of battle
- The youngest general in Europe
- Little light of El Pardo
Dates of rank
List of assignment
- 23 July 19106 February 1912: Second Lieutenant, 8th Infantry Regiment «Zamora»
- 19 February 191215 April 1913: Second and First Lieutenant, 68th Infantry Regiment «África»
- 15 April 191326 March 1915: First Lieutenant, 1st Indigenous Regular Forces of Melilla
- 26 March7 April 1915: Captain, Square for Service Eventualities in Ceuta
- 7 April 19151 January 1917: Captain, 1st Indigenous Regular Forces of Melilla
- 1 January1 March 1917: Captain, 1st Group of Indigenous Regular Forces of Tétouan
- 1 March 191727 September 1920 Commandant, 3rd Infantry Regiment «Príncipe»
- 27 September 19208 June 1923: Chief of the 1st Flag of the Foreigners Tercio
- 8 June 192311 February 1926: Chief of the Volunteers Tercio
- 29 April 19268 January 1928: Chief of the 1st Infantry Brigade, 1st Division
- 8 January 192830 June 1931: Director of the General Military Academy
- 5 February 193229 March 1934: Chief of the 15th Infantry Brigade
- 29 March 193415 February 1935: Balearics General Commander[6]
- 15 February19 May 1935: High Chief of the Military Force in Morocco
- 19 May 193523 February 1936: Chief of Army Staff
- 23 February25 July 1936:[7] Canary General Commander
- 25 July27 August 1936: General of the Army in Morocco and the Southern Spain
- 27 August30 September 1936: Chief of the Military Force in Morocco and the Expeditionary Force
- 30 September 1936† 20 November 1975: Commander-in-chief of the Armies/Spanish Armed Forces
Awards
Local government
[34]
Gold, Honor and Gratitude Medal of the Provincial Council (1958)[35]
Gold Medal (1945) (HW)[36]
Adopted and Predilect Son of the Province (HW)[37]
Gold Medal (1966) (HW)[38]
[39]
- Gold Medal (HW)
- Adopted Son (HW)
- Jijona
Adopted Son (1940) (HW)[40]
Adopted Son (HW)[41]
[42]
- Medal of the City
- Covered Gentleman
- San Juan
[43]
- Gold Medal (1974) (HW)
- Adopted Son (1940) (HW)
- Santa Pola
Adopted Son (1940) (HW)[44]
Adopted Son (1940) (HW)[45]
Adopted Son (1940) (HW)[46]
Provincial Gold Medal (1956) (HW)[47]
Honorary Mayor (HW)
Honorary Pro-man of the Comarcal Sindical Brotherhood of Farmers and Ranchers (1946)
Honorary Mayor (HW)[48]
Gold Medal (HW)[49]
Gold Medal (HW)[50]
Gold Medal (1946) (HW)[51]
Adopted Son (1936) (HW)[52]
Gold Medal (1949) (HW)[53]
Adopted Son (1936) (HW)[54]
Adopted Son (1937) (HW)[55]
Gold Medal (1973) (HW)[58]
[59]
- Brilliants Medal of the Provincial Council (1950) (HW)
- First Biscayan of Adoption and Honour (1950) (HW)
- Bilbao
- Gold Medal (1939) (HW)
- Honorary Mayor (1939) (HW)
- Baracaldo
Gold Medal (1950) (HW)
Gold Medal (1972) (HW)[60]
[61]
- Brilliants Medal (1937) (HW)
- Adopted Son (1966) (HW)
- Orduña
[62]
- Brilliants Medal (1961) (HW)
- Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1967) (HW)
- Santurce
Gold Medal (1971) (HW) [63]
[64]
[65]
Provincial Gold Medal (1954) (HW)[66]
- Gold Medal (1951) (HW)
- Freedom of the City (HW)
- Plasencia
Gold Plate (1948) (HW)[68]
Gold Medal (1975-2008, Posthumous)[69]
Perpetual Honorary Mayor (HW)[70]
[71]
[72]
[73]
- Gold Medal (1962) (HW)
- Honorary Mayor (1964) (HW)
- San Fernando
[74]
- Gold Medal (1950)
- Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1951)
- San Roque
Gold Medal (1950) (HW)[75]
[76]
Gold Medal (HW)[77]
Gold Medal (1968) (HW)[78]
[79]
Gold Medal (1953) (HW)[80]
Honorary Mayor (HW)[81]
Perpetual Honorary Mayor (HW)[82]
(HW)[83]
Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1961) (HW)[84]
Gold Medal (1946) (HW)[85]
Gold Medal (1961) (HW)[86]
[87]
- Predilect Son of the Province (1936) (HW)
- Galician Ex-Combatant Medal (1943) (HW)
- Honorary President of the Provincial Council (1944) (HW)
- La Coruña
[88]
- Gold Medal (HW)
- Honorary Mayor (HW)
- Betanzos
[89]
[90]
Gold Honor Medal (1946) (HW)[91]
[92]
- Honorary President of the Provincial Council (HW)
- Adopted Son of the Province (HW)
- Cuenca
[93]
- Gold Medal (1951) (HW)
- Honorary Mayor (1947) (HW)
- Predilect Son (1941) (HW)
- Adopted Son (1951) (HW)
- Province of Gerona
[94]
- Honorary President of the Provincial Council (1944) (HW)
- Gerona
Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1964) (HW) [95]
Gold Medal (1964) (HW) [96]
Honorary Mayor (1964) (HW)[97]
Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1956) (HW) [98]
Gold Medal (1963)[99]
[100]
- Gold Medal (1946) (HW)
- Adopted Son (1946) (HW)
- Santa Fe
Adopted Son (1936) (HW)[101]
Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1959) (HW)[102]
Gold Medal (1959) (HW)
Gold Medal (1939) (HW)[103]
Honorary Mayor (HW)[104]
Honorary Mayor (HW)[104]
Honorary Mayor (1949) (HW)[105]
Honorary Mayor (1936) (HW)
Honorary Mayor (1936) (HW)
Honorary Mayor (HW)[104]
Honorary Mayor (HW)[104]
Honorary Mayor (1949) (HW)[106]
Honorary Mayor (HW)[107]
Honorary Mayor (HW)[104]
Honorary Mayor (1949) (HW)
Honorary Mayor (HW)[108]
[109]
- Gold Medal (1943) (HW)
- Honorary Mayor (1943) (HW)
- Adopted Son (1943) (HW)
- Aljaraque
Honorary Mayor (1966) (HW)[110]
Honorary Mayor (1956) (HW)[111]
Honorary Mayor (HW)[112]
Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1966) (HW)[113]
Honorary Mayor (1956) (HW)[114]
Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1966) (HW)[115]
Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1966) (HW)[116]
[117]
- Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1953) (HW)
- Adopted Son of the Province (1953) (HW)
- Huesca
[118]
- Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1953) (HW)
- Adopted Son (1953) (HW)
- Barbastro
[119]
- Gold Medal (1953) (HW)
- Honorary Mayor (1953) (HW)
- Adopted Son (1953) (HW)
- Binéfar
[120]
- Gold Medal (1969) (HW)
- Honorary Mayor (1969) (HW)
- Monzón
[121]
[122]
- Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1957) (HW)
- Honorary President of the Provincial Council (1945) (HW)
- Adopted Son of the Province (1939) (HW)
- Andújar
[123]
- Gold Medal (1952) (HW)
- Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1960) (HW)
- Úbeda
Gold Medal (1965) (HW)[124]
[125]
- Extraordinary Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1960) (HW)
- Honorary President of the Provincial Council (1945) (HW)
- Adopted Son of the Province (1939) (HW)
- Provincial Combatant Medal, extraordinary category (1964) (HW)
- León[126]
- City Medal with Laurels (1952) (HW) [126]
- Ponferrada
[127]
- Gold Medal (1949) (HW)
- Honorary Mayor (1949) (HW)
- Villablino
Gold Medal (1971) (HW)[128]
[129]
- Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1947) (HW)
- Honorary President of the Provincial Council (1942) (HW)
- Lérida
Gold Medal (1941) (HW)[130]
Gold Medal (1966) (HW)[131]
Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1954) (HW)[132]
Gold Medal (1936) (HW)[133]
[134]
- Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1958) (HW)
- Honorary President of the Provincial Council (1944) (HW)
- Lugo
[135]
- Honorary Mayor (1939) (HW)
- Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1954) (HW)
- Mondoñedo
Gold Medal (1949) (HW)[136]
[137]
[93]
- Gold Medal (HW)
- Honor Medal (HW)
- Honorary Mayor (HW)
- Adopted Son (HW)
- Aranjuez
Gold Medal (1970) (HW)[138]
Honorary Mayor (1967) (HW)[139]
Gold Medal (1951)
[140]
- Gold Medal (1972) (HW)
- Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1972) (HW)
- Pinto
Gold with Brilliants Point (1949) (HW)[141]
[142]
- Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1964) (HW)
- Honorary President of the Provincial Council (1946) (HW)
- Málaga
[143] [144]
- Gold Medal (1946) (HW)
- Honorary Mayor (1943) (HW)
- Adopted and Predilect Son (1937) (HW)
- Marbella
Gold Medal (1965) (HW)[145]
[146]
[147]
Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1946)
Gold Medal (1968)
Gold Medal (1945) (HW)[149]
Gold Medal (1965)[150]
Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1957) (HW)[151]
[152]
- Gold Medal (1946) (HW)
- Adopted Son (1946) (HW)
- Carballino
Gold Medal (1961) (HW)[153]
[154]
- Gold Medal (1964) (HW)
- Adopted Son (1934) (HW)
- Castrillón
[155]
- Gold Medal (1968) (HW)
- Predilect Son (1968) (HW)
- Gijón
[156]
- Gold Medal (1962) (HW)
- Adopted Son (1939) (HW)
- Honorary Mayor (1939) (HW)
- Llanes
Gold Medal (1967) (HW)[157]
Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (HW)[158]
Gold Medal (1941) (HW)[159]
Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1952) (HW)
- Gold Medal (1969) (HW)
- Honorary Mayor (1943) (HW)
- Gran Canaria
- Honorary President of the council (1945) (HW)
- Council Medal of the Ex-Combatant (1942) (HW)
- Fuerteventura
[160]
- Council Gold Medal (1960) (HW)
- Honorary President of the council (1945) (HW)
- Arucas
Gold Medal (1950) (HW)[161]
[162]
[163]
- Extraordinary Gold Medal (1939) (HW)
- Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1974) (HW)
- Adopted Son of Navarre (1974) (HW)
- Pamplona
Adopted and Predilect Son (HW)[164]
Adopted Son (1948) (HW)[165]
Adopted and Predilect Son (1948) (HW)[166]
Adopted Son (1948) (HW)[165]
Adopted Son (1948) (HW)[165]
Adopted Son(HW)[165]
Perpetual Honorary President of the Provincial Council (1952) (HW)[167]
Gold Medal (1944) (HW)[168]
Gold Medal (1968) (HW)[169]
Platinum Medal (1945)[170]
Gold Medal (1965) (HW)[171]
Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1954) (HW)[172]
Gold Medal (1948) (HW)[173]
Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1974) (HW)[174]
Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1957) (HW)[175]
Gold Medal (1939) (HW)[176]
[177]
- Gold Medal (1939) (HW)
- Predilect Son (1939) (HW)
- Tenerife
Adopted Son (1936) (HW)
Adopted Son (1936) (HW)[178]
Gold Medal (1966) (HW)[179]
[180]
[181]
- Gold Medal (1950) (HW)
- Honorary Mayor (1950) (HW)
- Adopted Son (1936) (HW)
- La Orotava[182]
- Gold Medal (1939) (HW)
- Predilect Son (1939) (HW)
- El Paso
[183]
[184]
- Gold Medal (1952) (HW)
- Honorary Mayor (1946) (HW)
- Freedom of the city (1968) (HW)
- Torrelavega
[185]
[186] [187]
- Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1967) (HW)
- Honorary President of the Provincial Council (1946) (HW)
- Seville
[188]
Honorary Mayor (1946) (HW)[189]
Adopted Son (HW)[190]
[192]
- Honorary Mayor (HW)
- Adopted Son (HW)
- Écija
Predilect Son (1936) (HW)[193]
[194]
Adopted Son (1936) (HW)[195]
Honorary Mayor (1946) (HW)[196]
Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1964) (HW)[197]
Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1948) (HW)
[198] [199]
- Gold Medal (1939) (HW)
- Honorary Mayor (1939) (HW)
- Covaleda
Honorary Mayor (1946) (HW)[200]
- Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1951) (HW)[201] [202]
- Perpetual Honorary Mayor of all municipalities of the Province (1964) (HW)
- Tarragona
[203]
Gold Medal (1963) (HW)[204]
[205]
Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1967) (HW)[206]
[207]
Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (1972) (HW)[208]
[209]
- City Gold Medal (1939) (HW)
- Alcázar Gold Medal (1961) (HW)
- Mora
Gold Medal of the Olive Tree Party (1966) (HW)[210]
[211]
- Gold Medal of the Provincial Council (HW)
- Honorary President of the Provincial Council (HW)
- Valencia
[214]
- Gold Medal (1946)
- Honorary Mayor (1946)
- Adopted and Predilect Son (1946)
- Casinos
[215]
- Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1946) (HW)
- Adopted Son (1946) (HW)
- Catarroja
Gold Medal (1972) (HW)[216]
Predilect Son (1946) (HW)[217]
[218]
- Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1946) (HW)
- Honorary and Predilect Son (1946) (HW)
- Onteniente
[219]
[220]
- Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1946) (HW)
- Predilect Son (1946) (HW)
- Sagunto
Gold Medal (1965) (HW)[221]
[222]
Diamonds Medal of the Provincial Council (1952) (HW)[223]
Honorary Mayor (1939) (HW)[224]
Gold Medal (1949) (HW)[225]
[226]
Adopted Son (1958) (HW)[227]
Gold Medal (1951) (HW)[228]
[229]
- Gold and Brilliants Medal
- Perpetual Honorary Mayor (1939)
- Predilect Son
Private corporations
[230]
- Palau Blagurana Inauguration Commemorative Gold Medal (1971) (HW)
- Club 75 Anniversary Gold Medal (1974) (HW)
Scholastic
Honorary doctorates
Spain
[231]
Portugal
Honorific eponyms
Localities
Albalá del Caudillo (HEW), Alagón del Caudillo (HEW) and Tiétar del Caudillo (HEW)
Llanos del Caudillo and Villanueva de Franco (HEW)
Bembézar del Caudillo (HEW)
Ferrol del Caudillo (HEW)
Guadalén del Caudillo (HEW) and Guadalimar del Caudillo (HEW)
Bárcena del Caudillo (HEW)
Águeda del Caudillo (HEW)
El Viar del Caudillo (HEW) and Villafranco del Guadalquivir (HEW)
Campillo de Franco (HEW)
Alberche del Caudillo
Bardena del Caudillo (HEW)
Institutions and public infrastructures
«Francisco Franco» School (HEW)
«Francisco Franco» School of Sanitary Technical Assistants (HEW)
«Generalísimo Franco» Institution of Feminine Labor Teaching (HEW)
«Generalísimo Franco» School (HEW)
«Generalísimo Franco» School (HEW)
«Francisco Franco» Professional School (HEW)
«Generalísimo Franco» Public School (HEW)
«Generalísimo Franco Franco» National School (HEW)
- Numerous avenues, streets, centers, schools, institutes and squares called "Generalísimo Franco", "Francisco Franco" or "Caudillo" of various cities and towns in the country, most of them renamed since the times of the transition to democracy.
Foundation
Awards
- National Literature Prize «Francisco Franco» (1940-1975)
- Spanish National Research Council (Suppressed)[234]
- «Francisco Franco» Prizes for Spanish Literature
- «Francisco Franco» Prize for Sciences
- «Francisco Franco» Prize for Individual Technical Investigation
- «Francisco Franco» Prize for Team Technical Research
Other
See also
Notes
- (HW): Honour posthumously withdrawn
- (HEW): Honorific eponym withdrawn
Bibliography
- Web site: Biografía del general de división, el de brigada D. Francisco Franco Bahamonde y el general de brigada, el coronel de infantería D. Rogelio Caridad Pita. 29 March 1934. BOE - Spanish Official Journal, No. 88. Gaceta de Madrid. War Ministry . es . Biography of the Major General, Brigadier D. Francisco Franco Bahamonde and Brigadier General, Infantry Colonel D. Rogelio Caridad Pita.
- Web site: Biografía cronológica de Francisco Franco. Francisco Franco National Foundation. es . Chronological biography of Francisco Franco. 2 October 2020 .
- Book: José Luis, Hernández Garvi. Breve historia de... Francisco Franco. Brief history of ... Francisco Franco. 2013. Nowtilus. 9788499675411. es.
- Web site: Las sorprendentes y curiosas expresiones y sobrenombres de Franco. 31 October 2018. www.curistoria.com. Curistoria. es . The surprising and curious expressions and nicknames of Franco. 2 October 2020 .
- Matilde Eiroa San Francisco, Matilde Acción exterior y propaganda. Las visitas de líderes latinoamericanos a Franco [Foreign action and propaganda. The visits of Latin American leaders to Franco]. Mexico. Revista de estudios Latinoamericanos [On-line]. No.54 (Jan./Jun. 2012). ISSN 2448-6914 (in Spanish).
- Franco, el caudillo: origen y perfil de una magistratura política carismática. Moradiellos. Enrique. Historia y Política: Ideas, Procesos y Movimientos Sociales . Enrique Moradiellos. 2016. 35 . 261–287 . Universidad de Extremadura. 10.18042/hp.35.11 . es . Franco, the caudillo: origin and profile of a charismatic political magistracy. 2 October 2020 . free.
- Prieto Barrio (2011). Cruces del Mérito Militar, Naval, War Cross (Spain), Collective Military Medal and African campaigns. Condecoraciones Militares. Retrieved 2 October 2020 (in Spanish).
Notes and References
- Officially since 17 September 1936.
- Disputed until 1939 (Civil War).
- Perpetually at the head of the ranks of the Army, Navy and Air Force, Decree 3269/1975, 5 December. BOE - Spanish Official Journal no. 304, 19 December 1975, p. 26362.
- War merit for promotion.
- https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1938/018/A00257-00257.pdf Provision 18/07/1938, restoring the dignity of Captain General in the Army and Navy, and exalting H.E. the Head of the State on it
- Destined in a higher level assignment.
- Disputed (At Civil War). Ceased by the government on 19 July.
- Web site: Historial del General Francisco Franco. Service summary of General Francisco franco. www.boe.es. BOE - Spanish Official Journal. 29 March 1934. 2 October 2020. es.
- https://fnff.es/historia/812051671/francisco-franco-biografia-cronologica.html Biography of Francisco Franco.
- Prieto Barrio (2001) Diccionario de cintas de recompensas españolas (desde 1700) [Dictionary of Spanish service ribbon bars (since 1700)]. Madrid: Ministerio de Defensa. .
- https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1939/140/A02733-02733.pdf Provision given in Madrid, on Victory Day, 19 May 1939
- https://i.postimg.cc/ZRLxsbrZ/franco-1.jpg Portrait of Franco with the band of the Grand Cross of War and his Military Medal with two clasps.
- https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1934/345/A02052-02052.pdf Decree granting the Grand Cross of the Order of Military Merit, with a white badge, to Divisional General Francisco Franco Bahamonde
- https://media.gettyimages.com/photos/rendezvous-with-general-franco-and-his-wife-dona-carmen-madrid-palais-picture-id160656178?s=2048x2048 Photograph of Francisco Franco with the sash of the Grand Cross of the Aeronautical Merit
- https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1941/085/A02002-02002.pdf Disposición de 25 de marzo de 1941
- Numbering of the classes was inverse to the usual order until 1939.
- Numbering of the classes was inverse to the usual order until 1931.
- Class for Wounded or Injured at War by the Enemy
- Book: Decreto 1947 de 22 de noviembre de 1927. 22 November 1927. . 1067 . es . Decree 1947, 22 November 1927. 978-84-340-2263-8. 10 November 2020. Tendrán derecho a la Medalla de la Paz... Generales, Jefes, Oficiales, Caídos y Tropa del Ejército y de la Armada y de las Fuerzas auxiliares indígenas que hayan tomado parte en operaciones realizadas en Marruecos en cualquiera de los períodos comprendidos desde el 9 de julio de 1909 hasta el 12 de Octubre de 1927.
- Campaign Commemorative Medal, Morocco clasp. Created on 17 November 1931 and repealed on 27 November 1937
- https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/1971/02/20/pdfs/A02852-02852.pdf Medal of the 4th Centenary of the Battle of Lepanto
- Embroidered with canutille and silk gold threads, shaped like the Individual Military Medal, on the left sleeve of the uniform. In its central part, on a red background, the emblem of the Third was represented instead of the national personification of Spain.
- [:File:Generaal Franco, Bestanddeelnr 922-6568.jpg]
- https://www.alamy.es/franco-bahamonde-francisco-el-ferrol-1892-madrid-1975-militar-y-politico-espanol-que-inicio-el-llamado-alzamiento-nacional-18-07-36-en-1938-adopto-el-titulo-de-caudillo-de-espana-instauro-un-regimen-personalista-apoyado-en-un-partido-unico-el-movimiento-nacional-francisco-franco-y-dona-carmen-polo-retrato-por-felix-revello-de-toro-1972-image209731208.html Portrait of Franco with the Tercio Badge.
- Civil and military order
- Book: Ceballos-Escalera, de, Alfonso . La Real y Americana Orden de Isabel la Católica (1815-2015). 2015 . . 163 . es . Royal and American Order of Isabella the Catholic (1815-2015). PDF. 978-84-340-2263-8. 10 November 2020. Encomienda con Placa. Subsecretarios Directores Generales, Ministros Plenipotenciarios, Generales de Brigada, Contralmirantes... [Rules of the Order during the Second Republic].
- Order awarded by the Khalifa of the Spanish protectorate in Morocco.
- https://www.gettyimages.es/detail/fotograf%C3%ADa-de-noticias/generalissimo-francisco-franco-in-this-10-9-75-fotograf%C3%ADa-de-noticias/515403204 Photograph of Francisco Franco with miniature medals
- It consists of the Yoke and arrows upon three four rays stars.
- [:File:Francisco Franco 1975 (cropped).jpg]
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nl3GorpLQt0 Ceremony of imposition of the Supreme Order of Christ to Franco (Madrid). Filmoteca Española (In Spanish)
- https://www.rtve.es/alacarta/videos/documentales-b-n/reyes-jordania-espana/2847738/ State visit of the monarchs of Jordan to Spain. NO-DO. RTVE. Acceded 3 October 2020.
- Campaña Militar del 41 [41 Military Campaign]. Escuela Superior de Guerra del Ejército (Perú). Retrieved 3 October 2020.
- https://www.elcorreo.com/vizcaya/20091128/alava/vitoria-retira-distinciones-honorificas-20091128.html www.elcorreo.com (2009/11/28)
- https://www.abc.es/espana/castilla-la-mancha/abci-pide-diputacion-albacete-retire-medalla-honor-concedida-franco-200811030300-91982146478_noticia.html www.abc.es (2008/11/03)
- https://www.diariodeleon.es/articulo/espana/ayuntamiento-retira-franco-medalla-oro-concedida-1945/20080927000000987701.html Diario de León (2008/09/27)
- https://elpais.com/elpais/2008/07/03/actualidad/1215073043_850215.html El País 2008/07/03
- https://ecodiario.eleconomista.es/politica-eD/noticias/1287157/05/09/El-Ayuntamiento-de-Alicante-aprueba-retirar-la-medalla-de-la-ciudad-y-los-titulos-honorificos-a-Franco.html El Ayuntamiento de Alicante retira la medalla de la ciudad y los títulos honoríficos a Franco
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- https://www.publico.es/espana/francisco-franco-capitales-provincia.html www.publico.es (2008/08/08)
- https://www.noticiasdenavarra.com/actualidad/sociedad/2019/05/24/franco-hijo-adoptivo-esteribar-marcilla/831802.html www.noticiasdenavarra.com (2019/05/24)
- https://www.noticiasdenavarra.com/navarra/sakanaleitzaldea/2019/12/28/franco-deja-hijo-adoptivo-predilecto/1011664.html www.noticiasdenavarra.coms (2019/12/28)
- https://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20160718/403305303020/diputacion-pontevedra-anulara-nombramiento-de-franco-como-presidente-perpetuo.html La Vanguardia (2016/07/18)
- https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/pontevedra/pontevedra/2015/10/16/franco-perdera-71-anos-despues-medalla-oro-pontevedra/0003_201510P16C3991.htm La Voz de Galicia (2015/10/16)
- https://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20160712/403145014496/la-seu-durgell-retira-la-medalla-de-oro-concedida-a-franco-en-1966.html www.lavanguardia.com (2016/07/12)
- https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/vigo/2009/11/11/vigo-condecora-francisco-franco/0003_8097782.htm La Voz de Galicia (2009/11/11)
- http://www.noticiasgalicia.com/index.php/politica-pontevedra/42475/vilagarcia-retirara-los-titulos-honorificos-concedidos-a-los-franco-en-1960#:~:text=Vilagarc%C3%ADa%20retirar%C3%A1%20los%20t%C3%ADtulos%20honor%C3%ADficos%20concedidos%20a%20los%20Franco%20en%201960,-Mi%C3%A9rcoles%2C%2014%20Febrero&text=El%20Ayuntamiento%20de%20Vilagarc%C3%ADa%20de,en%20la%20d%C3%A9cada%20de%201960. www.noticiasgalicia.com (2018/02/14)
- https://www.eldiario.es/politica/diputacion-salamanca-medalla-provincia-franco_1_2272677.html www.eldiario.es (2015/12/30)
- https://www.efe.com/efe/espana/politica/unanime-retirada-de-la-medalla-oro-que-salamanca-concedio-a-franco-en-1948/10002-2678275 www.efe.com (2015/07/31)
- https://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20161102/411520244033/penaranda-de-bracamonte-retira-a-franco-titulo-alcalde-honorario-y-perpetuo.html www.lavanguardia.com (2016/11/02)
- https://www.elnortedecastilla.es/segovia/diputacion-retira-medalla-20171030153140-nt.html www.elnortedecastilla.es (2017/10/30)
- https://m.europapress.es/sociedad/noticia-ayuntamiento-segovia-revoca-acuerdo-1939-concedio-medalla-oro-ciudad-francisco-franco-20090330135855.html europapress.es (30/03/2009)
- https://www.eldia.es/santa-cruz-de-tenerife/2019/10/09/municipio-cuenta-80-simbolos-exaltacion/1015078.html www.eldia.es (2019/10/09)
- https://planetacanario.com/un-juzgado-avala-que-el-ayuntamiento-de-candelaria-quitara-en-2008-a-franco-el-titulo-de-hijo-adoptivo/ planetacanario.com 2020/10/02)
- https://www.laprovincia.es/canarias/2015/11/11/laguna-retira-ahora-medalla-oro-10035229.html www.laprovincia.es (2015/11/11)
- https://www.eltambor.es/hermigua-retira-los-honores-y-distinciones-al-dictador-francisco-franco-con-la-abstencion-de-nc-ad-gomera/ Hermigua withdraws the honors and distinctions from the dictator. www.eltambor.es
- http://lavozdelapalma.com/2018/12/11/los-llanos-aridane-retira-los-honores-distinciones-concedidos-franco-blas-perez-propuesta-iuc/ lavozdelapalma.com (2018/12/11)
- https://www.europapress.es/islas-canarias/noticia-orotava-tenerife-extirpa-todos-simbolos-franquistas-calles-20090718155405.html www.europapress.es (2009/07/18)
- https://www.eldia.es/2009-07-09/PALMA/1-Pleno-retira-honores-Franco.htm www.eldia.es (09/07/2009)
- https://www.cantabria24horas.com/noticias/santander-retirar-las-distinciones-y-ttulos-a-franco/58376 www.cantabria24horas.com (2015/10/29)
- https://www.eldiariomontanes.es/torrelavega-besaya/201511/26/torrelavega-tambien-retira-honores-20151126220655.html?ref=https:%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F www.eldiariomontanes.es 2015/11/26
- https://sevilla.abc.es/sevilla/sevi-diputacion-deja-sin-honores-queipo-y-franco-200810300300-91914093210_noticia.html abc.es (2008/10/30)
- https://www.dipusevilla.es/la-diputacion/la-institucion/distinciones-honores/ Diputación de Sevilla. Distinctions and honors
- https://elcorreoweb.es/historico/el-ayuntamiento-sevilla-decide-por-unanimidad-retirar-las-condecoraciones-a-franco-OCEC155290 elcorreoweb.es (2009/10/15)
- http://www.todoslosnombres.org/content/noticias/almaden-la-plata-sevilla-actualizado-franco-abandona-la-alcaldia www.todoslosnombres.org (2015/07/13)
- https://www.europapress.es/nacional/noticia-pleno-bollullos-mitacion-sevilla-retira-titulo-hijo-adoptivo-francisco-franco-20111114171858.html www.europapress.es (2011/11/14)
- https://www.europapress.es/andalucia/sevilla-00357/noticia-ayuntamiento-cazalla-sierra-revoca-honores-distinciones-franco-queipo-llano-20110930165103.html www.europapress.es (2011/09/30)
- https://www.europapress.es/andalucia/sevilla-00357/noticia-pleno-dos-hermanas-retira-franco-titulos-alcalde-honor-hijo-adoptivo-20140613190904.html www.europapress.es (2014/06/13)
- https://www.europapress.es/andalucia/sevilla-00357/noticia-memoria-pleno-ecija-revoca-designacion-franco-queipo-llano-falange-hijos-predilectos-20151229145952.html www.europapress.es (2015/12/29)
- http://www.todoslosnombres.org/sites/default/files/el_madrono.pdf Proposal for the withdrawal of honorary titles. Ayuntamiento de El Madroño
- https://elcorreoweb.es/historico/el-ayuntamiento-de-mairena-del-alcor-retira-el-titulo-de-hijo-adoptivo-a-franco-PGEC449457 elcorreoweb.es (2020/10/10)
- https://www.diariodesevilla.es/provincia/Pleno-Pedrera-Alcalde-Honor-Franco_0_860014322.html www.diariodesevilla.es (2014/11/07)
- http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2012/09/19/andalucia_sevilla/1348082324.html www.elmundo.es (2012/09/19)
- https://www.elplural.com/sociedad/soria-agradecio-en-1939-a-franco-haber-rescatado-a-espana-y-hasta-ahora-no-se-ha-arrepentido_84121102 www.elplural.com (07/07/2016)
- https://sorianoticias.com/noticia/2016-07-14-el-ayuntamiento-retira-honores-ciudad-franco-33426 Soria Noticias (2016/07/14)
- https://www.eldiasoria.es/Noticia/Z2C2C52FD-C646-2B18-77F3CF86DA2113DC/201912/Covaleda-retira-los-honores-a-Franco www.eldiasoria.es (2019/12/16)
- https://www.lavanguardia.com/local/tarragona/20160603/402261984434/diputacion-tarragona-revocara-honores-regimen-franco.html www.lavanguardia.com (2016/06/04)
- https://www.lavanguardia.com/local/tarragona/20160601/402203236047/franco-tambien-es-alcalde-honorario-perpetuo-ciudad-tarragona.html www.lavanguardia.com (2016/06/01)
- https://www.europapress.es/catalunya/noticia-tarragona-retira-medalla-oro-concedio-franco-1952-20090709142909.html www.lavanguardia.com (2009/07/09)
- https://www.elpuntavui.cat/politica/article/17-politica/65659-amposta-treu-la-medalla-dor-a-franco-pero-mante-carrers-amb-noms-feixistes.html www.elpuntavui.cat (2009/07/28)
- http://reusdigital.cat/noticies/reus/reus-retirara-aquest-divendres-el-titol-dalcalde-honorific-franco reusdigital.cat (2016/05/30)
- https://www.europapress.es/aragon/noticia-ayuntamiento-teruel-retira-franco-titulo-alcalde-honorario-perpetuo-ciudad-20090508151830.html www.europapress.es (2009/05/08)
- https://www.lacomarca.net/franco-deja-de-tener-plaza-honor-pedania-alcanizana-valmuel/ www.lacomarca.net (2020/06/2017)
- https://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20170623/423621991235/la-diputacion-de-toledo-retira-la-medalla-de-oro-concedida-a-franco-en-1972.html www.lavanguardia.com (2017/06/23)
- https://www.diariocritico.com/noticia/111964/noticias/el-pp-se-queda-solo-queriendo-conservar-la-medalla-de-oro-de-franco-de-toledo.html The Popular Party stays alone wanting to keep the Gold Medal of Franco de Toledo, www.diariocritico.com
- https://toledodiario.es/el-pp-impide-retirar-los-honores-a-franco-en-la-localidad-toledana-de-mora/ toledodiario.es (2017/03/17)
- https://www.levante-emv.com/comunitat-valenciana/2016/07/17/diputacion-quita-presidencia-honoraria-medalla-12368022.html www.levante-emv.com (2016/07/17)
- https://www.eldiario.es/comunitat-valenciana/ayuntamiento-valencia-franco-medalla-oro_1_2713591.html www.eldiario.es (2015/04/20)
- https://www.levante-emv.com/comunitat-valenciana/2012/08/01/franco-deja-alcalde-honorario-valencia-12964624.html www.levante-emv.com (2012/08/01)
- http://algemesi.info/6474 algemesi.info (2012/09/24)
- https://www.infoturia.com/casinos/25755-franco-dejara-de-ser-alcalde-perpetuo-e-hijo-adoptivo-de-casinos.html www.infoturia.com (08/10/2019)
- https://www.eldiario.es/comunitat-valenciana/monolito-franquista-enterrado-piramide_1_3671091.html www.eldiario.es (2016/12/24)
- https://www.lasprovincias.es/valencia/20090402/safor/franco-deja-hijo-predilecto-20090402.html?ref=https:%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F www.lasprovincias.es (2009/04/02)
- https://www.eldiario.es/comunitat-valenciana/xativa-retirara-franco-rechazos-pp_1_2604801.html www.eldiario.es (2015/06/25)
- https://www.levante-emv.com/costera/2018/04/27/ontinyent-retira-honores-franco-unanimidad-11983775.html www.levante-emv.com (2018/04/27)
- https://www.lavanguardia.com/local/valencia/20160415/401129255116/franco-deja-de-ser-hijo-predilecto-y-alcalde-perpetuo-de-la-pobla-de-vallbona.html www.lavanguardia.com (2016/04/15)
- http://www.aytosagunto.es/es-es/actualidad/Paginas/retirada_tituloshonorificos.aspx?PrintPreview=true www.aytosagunto.es (2015/10/01)
- https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2003/12/04/espana/1070573613.html www.elmundo.es (2003/12/04)
- http://www.abc.es/espana/castilla-leon/abci-diputacion-valladolid-retira-medallas-y-distinciones-franco-201704211357_noticia.html www.abc.es (2017/04/21)
- https://www.eldiadevalladolid.com/noticia/z5195dcfc-03a8-c69a-055a15e6fe040f6b/201511/franco-sigue-siendo-alcalde-honorario-de-valladolid-40-anos-despues-de-su-muerte www.eldiadevalladolid.com (2020/10/11)
- https://www.laopiniondezamora.es/zamora/2017/05/11/retirada-medalla-oro-zamora-franco-1077928.html www.laopiniondezamora.es (2017/05/11)
- https://www.benavente.es/NdSite/OnLineCache/FMS/82/42/2c2c6d64d06800705f624e676a677081/ACTA%2025%20ENERO.pdf Local Act (2018/01/25)
- https://www.laopiniondezamora.es/benavente/2011/03/27/santibanez-vidriales-deja-huerfano-franco-1825795.html www.laopiniondezamora.es (2011/03/27)
- https://www.elperiodicodearagon.com/noticias/aragon/dga-insta-ayuntamiento-calatayud-retirar-medalla-concedida-franco-1951_1397459.html www.elperiodicodearagon.com (2019/11/23)
- https://elfarodeceuta.es/medalla-oro-brillantes-franco/ El Faro de Ceuta (2017/09/10)
- https://www.elplural.com/politica/el-barca-retira-las-medallas-a-francisco-franco_210972102 Barça removes the medals from Francisco Franco. www.elplural.com
- https://www.elcorreogallego.es/hemeroteca/franco-n-es-tres-veces-honoris-MFCG103168 El Correo Gallego
- https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/santiago/santiago/2018/07/27/franco-recibe-doctorado-honoris-causa-usc/0003_201807S27C6993.htm La Voz de Galicia (2018/07/27).
- https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-1971-10228 Order by which the Third Degree Professional Training Center of Pediatrics and Childcare is created «BOE» - Official Journal no. 147, 21 June 1971, pp. 10087-10090
- https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/1972/10/27/pdfs/A19210-19210.pdf Reslution C.S.I.C. (1972/10/27)
- Controversial original meaning of the name 'EFE'.