American Ballet Theatre Explained

American Ballet Theatre
Previous Names:	Ballet Theatre
Founded:	^[1]
Venue:	Metropolitan Opera House New York City
Website:	abt.org
Artistic Director:	Susan Jaffe
Executive Director:	Susan Jaffe (interim)
Associated Schools:	Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School

American Ballet Theatre (ABT) is a classical ballet company based in New York City. Founded in 1939^[2] by Lucia Chase and Richard Pleasant, it is recognized as one of the world's leading classical ballet companies. Through 2019, it had an annual eight-week season at the Metropolitan Opera House (Lincoln Center) in the spring and a shorter season at the David H. Koch Theater in the fall; the company tours around the world the rest of the year. The company was scheduled to have a 5-week spring season at the MET preceded by a 2-week season at the Koch Theater beginning in 2020. ABT is the parent company of the American Ballet Theatre Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School, and was recognized as "America's National Ballet Company" in 2006 by the United States Congress.^{[3] [4]}

History

In 1939 Pleasant and Chase committed to the creation of "a large scale company with an eclectic repertory".^[5] The pair and a small group from Mordkin Ballet formed Ballet Theatre. Their new company's first performance was on 11 January 1940. Chase began developing the company's repertoire of well-known full-length ballets, as well as original works, amidst financial issues. In 1945 Oliver Smith joined Ballet Theatre and became co-director with Chase.

In 1957 the company changed its name to American Ballet Theatre.^[6] It continued to emphasize ballet classics, yet remained challenged by financial issues. During the 1960s and 1970s, the company's prospects brightened due to more favorable private funding. During this period, American Ballet Theatre shifted its ballet focus to the recruitment of star performers. In 1977, the company began its spring season at the Metropolitan Opera House, its new official venue.^[7]

Mikhail Baryshnikov in 1980 became artistic director for American Ballet Theatre. Baryshnikov staged, restaged, and refurbished numerous classical ballets and, according to the company, strengthened their classical tradition. Baryshnikov was replaced in 1989 by Jane Hermann and Oliver Smith, who remained as artistic directors until 1992, when Kevin McKenzie received the appointment. McKenzie satisfied the demands of the traditional ballet audience by prioritizing full-length narrative ballets. He also succeeded in keeping the company afloat during financially unstable times. In 2004 he established an official associate ballet school, the Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School. After a long period of no in-house choreographer, McKenzie appointed Alexei Ratmansky as "Artist in Residence" in January 2009.^{[8] [9]}

McKenzie stepped down from the company in late 2022, as announced in 2021.^[10] Susan Jaffe was appointed was announced as McKenzie's successor, and took over the company at the end of 2022.^[11] Ratmansky departed the troupe in June 2023.

Artistic staff

Artistic directors

• Lucia Chase and Oliver Smith (1940–1980)
• Mikhail Baryshnikov (1980–1989)
• Jane Hermann and Oliver Smith (1989–1992)
• Kevin McKenzie (1992–2022)
• Susan Jaffe (2022–present)

Executive director and CEO

• Rachel S. Moore Executive director (2003–2011) CEO (2011–2016)^[12]

Executive director

• Kara Medoff Barnett (2016–2021)^[13]
• Janet Rollé (2021–2023)^[14]
• Barry Hughson (2024–present)^[15]

Resident choreographers

• Antony Tudor (1940–1950)^[16]
• Alexei Ratmansky (2009–2023)^[17]

Music directors, conductors, concertmasters (partial list)

• Ormsby Wilkins (music director) (current)^[18]
• Charles Barker (principal conductor) (current)^[19]
• David LaMarche (conductor) (current)^[20]
• Benjamin Bowman (concertmaster) (current)^[21]

Dancers

American Ballet Theatre has four levels within the company. They are (in ascending order): apprentice,^[22] corps de ballet,^[23] soloist,^[24] and principal.^[25]

Principals

Name	Nationality	Training	Joined ABT	Promoted to Principal	Other companies (incl. guest performances)
Joo Won Ahn		Y.J. Ballet People Academy Sun Hwa Art School Korea National University of Arts	2014	2020
Aran Bell	United States	Central Pennsylvania Youth Ballet	2017	2020
Isabella Boylston		Academy of Colorado Ballet Harid Conservatory ABT Studio Company	2007	2014	Paris Opera Ballet Mariinsky Ballet Rome Opera Ballet Ballet Estable del Teatro Colón Royal Danish Ballet
Skylar Brandt		Scarsdale Ballet Studio ABT Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School ABT II (now the ABT Studio Company)	2011	2020
Daniel Camargo	Brazil	John Cranko School	2022	N/A Joined as Principal	Stuttgart Ballet Dutch National Ballet
Misty Copeland	United States	San Pedro City Ballet Lauridsen Ballet Center San Francisco Ballet School ABT Studio Company	2001	2015
Herman Cornejo	Argentina	Instituto Superior de Arte at Teatro Colón School of American Ballet	1999	2003	Ballet del Teatro Argentino de La Plata Ballet Argentino Barcelona Ballet (former Corella Ballet Castilla y León) Compañia de Danza Comtemporánea de Cuba Boston Ballet New York City Ballet Sapporo Ballet
Thomas Forster	United Kingdom	Royal Ballet School Associate Programme Elmhurst School of Dance The Royal Ballet School ABT Studio Company	2007	2020
Catherine Hurlin	United States	Scarsdale Ballet Studio Westchester Dance Academy Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School ABT Studio Company	2014	2022
Chloe Misseldine		Orlando Ballet School ABT Studio Company	2021	2024^[26]
Gillian Murphy		University of North Carolina School of the Arts Columbia City Ballet	1996	2002	Kiev Ballet Mariinsky Ballet Royal New Zealand Ballet Royal Swedish Ballet Staatsballett Berlin
Calvin Royal III		Pinellas County Center for the Arts Academy of Ballet Arts Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School ABT II	2011	2017
Hee Seo		Sun-hwa Arts Middle School Universal Ballet Academy John Cranko Ballet Academy ABT Studio Company	2006	2012	Mariinsky Ballet
Christine Shevchenko	Ukraine	Pennsylvania Ballet Rock School ABT Studio Company	2008	2017
Cory Stearns	United States	Seiskaya Ballet School Royal Ballet School ABT Studio Company	2006	2011	The Royal Ballet
Devon Teuscher		Champaign-Urbana Ballet Academy Vermont Ballet Theatre School Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School ABT Studio Company	2008	2017
Cassandra Trenary		Lawrenceville School of Ballet ABT Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School ABT II (now the ABT Studio Company)	2011	2020
James B. Whiteside		D'Valda and Sirico Dance and Music Centre Virginia School of the Arts Boston Ballet II	2012	2013	Boston Ballet Ballet Philippines
Roman Zhurbin		LaGuardia High School Studio Maestro ABT Studio Company	2005	2022

Soloists

^[27]

Name	Nationality	Training	Joined ABT	Promoted to Soloist	Other companies (incl. guest performances)
Jarod Curley	United States	Frederick School of Classical Ballet Next Generation Ballet John Cranko School	2018	2024
Zhong-Jing Fang	China	Shanghai Ballet School Shanghai Drama University	2004	2018
Lea Fleytoux	France	Conservatoire Municipal Camille Saint-Saens Ecole National Danse Marseille ABT JKO School	2018	2024^[28]
Patrick Frenette	Canada	Goh Ballet Academy School of American Ballet	2013	2024
Carlos Gonzalez	Spain	El Conservatorio Profesional de Danza Fortea El Real Conservatorio Profesional de Danza Mariemma	2016	2024
Breanne Granlund	United States	Ballet Academy of Texas ABT Studio Company	2016	2022
Sung Woo Han		Sun-hwa Arts Middle School Royal Ballet School	2013	2022
Fangqi Li	China	Beijing Dance Academy The National Ballet of China ABT Studio Company	2018	2024
Betsy McBride	United States	Ballet Academy of Texas	2015	2022	Texas Ballet Theater
SunMi Park		Sun-hwa Middle and High School of the Arts Korea National Institute of Gifted Arts ABT Studio Company	2022	2022
Jake Roxander	United States	Studio Roxander ABT Studio Company	2022	2024	Pennsylvania Ballet II

Former dancers

The following is a partial list of former dancers with ABT, listed by their highest rank prior to leaving the company.

Former principal dancers

• Stella Abrera (1996–2020)
• Ivan Allen (1950s–1960s)
• Alicia Alonso (1943–1948)
• Nina Ananiashvili (1993–2009)^[29]
• Victor Barbee (1975–2003)^[30]
• Mikhail Baryshnikov (1974–1978)
• Patrick Bissell (1977–1987)
• Julio Bocca (1986–2006)^[31]
• Karena Brock (1973–?)
• Leslie Browne (1976–1993)^[32]
• Erik Bruhn (1949–1958, 1961–1972)
• Fernando Bujones (1972–85, 1990s)^[33]
• Maxim Beloserkovsky (1994-2012)^[34]
• José Manuel Carreño (1995–2011)^[35]
• Lucia Chase (1940–1960)
• Ángel Corella (1996–2012)
• Eleonor D'Antuono (1961–1981)
• Anton Dolin (1940–1946)^[36]
• Irina Dvorovenko (1996–2013)^[37]
• Alessandra Ferri (1985–2007)^[38]
• Carla Fracci (1967–?)^[39]
• Alexander Godunov (1979–1982)
• Guillaume Graffin (1988–2005)^[40]
• Cynthia Gregory (1965–1991)^[41]
• Cynthia Harvey (1974–1986, 1988–1996)^{[42] [43]}
• Susan Jaffe (1980–2002)^[44]
• Julie Kent (1993–2015)
• Gelsey Kirkland (1974–1984)^[45]
• Ruth Ann Koesun (1946–1969)^[46]
• John Kriza (1940–1966)
• Robert La Fosse (1977–1986)^[47]
• Harold Lang (1943–1945)
• Annabelle Lyon (1939–1943)^[48]
• Natalia Makarova (1970–1986)^[49]
• Vladimir Malakhov (1995–2008)^[50]
• Alicia Markova (1941–1946)^[51]
• Bruce Marks (1961–1968)
• Kevin McKenzie (1979–1991)^[52]
• Amanda McKerrow (1982–2005)^[53]
• Kathleen Moore (1982–2006)^[54]
• Veronika Part (2002–2017)^[55]
• Kirk Peterson (1974–1980)^[56]
• Danilo Radojevic (1978–1993)^{[57] [58]}
• Johan Renvall (1978–1996)^[59]
• Keith Roberts (1987–1999)^[60]
• Ethan Stiefel (1997–2012)^[61]
• Marianna Tcherkassky (1970–1996)^[62]
• Ashley Tuttle (1987–2004)^[63]
• Martine van Hamel (1970–1992)^[64]
• Edward Verso (1962–1968)
• Michele Wiles (1998–2011)^[65]
• Diana Vishneva (2005–2017)^[66]
• Marcelo Gomes (1997–2018)
• Roberto Bolle (2009–2019)
• Sarah Lane (2004–2020)

Former soloists

• Kristi Boone (2000–2014)
• Ethan Brown (1981–2004)^{[67] [68]}
• Gabrielle Brown (1980–1996)^[69]
• Sandra Brown (1987–2003)^{[70] [71]}
• Tener Brown (1979–1986)^[72]
• Carmen Corella (1998–2007)^[73]
• Lykke Håkansson (2007–2010)
• Erica Cornejo (1998–2007)^[74]
• George de la Peña (1970s–1985)^[75]
• Joaquín De Luz (1997–2003)^[76]
• Lisa de Ribere (1979–1984)^[77]
• Melissa Hayden (1945–1947)^[78]
• Yuriko Kajiya (2002–2014)^[79]
• Elaine Kudo^[80]
• Anna Liceica (1996–2007)^[81]
• Carlos Lopez (2001–2011)^{[82] [83]}
• Charles Maple (1972–1983)^[84]
• Jared Matthews (2002–2014)^[79]
• Simone Messmer (2002–2013)^[85]
• Monique Meunier (2002–2007)^[86]
• Carlos Molina (1998–2007)^[87]
• Sascha Radetsky (1995–2014)^[88]
• Amy Rose (1979–1992)^[89]
• Gennadi Saveliev (1996–2012)^[90]

Former corps de ballet

• Susan Borree
• Maria Bystrova (2000–2010)^[91]
• Caroline Duprot (2009–2011)^[92]
• Tobin Eason (2002–2012)^[93]
• Aino Ettala (2010)^[94]
• Hezekiah C. Fairbank (1999–2000)
• Victoria (Born) Fornelli (1999–2000)
• Jeffrey Golladay (2003–2012)
• Meaghan Hinkis (2010–2011)^[95]
• Carrie Jensen (2000–2009)^[96]
• Clinton Luckett (1992–2002)^[97]
• Ilona McHugh (1997–2005)
• Patrick Ogle
• Joseph Phillips (2008–2013)^[98]
• Brendali Staana Espiritu^[99]
• Isaac Stappas (2000–2011)^[100]
• Sarawanee Tanatanit (2002–2008)^[101]
• Mary Mills Thomas (2008–2011)^[102]
• Melissa Thomas (2002–2009)^[103]
• Simon Wexler
• Jennifer Whalen
• Katharine Wildish (1985–1987)

• Renata Pavam (2002–)
• Bo Busby ^[104]

Repertoire

See main article: article and List of works performed by American Ballet Theatre. Perhaps no other choreographer was as closely associated with ABT as the great British choreographer Antony Tudor, who made his American debut with the company. The other continuous creative force was the legendary Agnes de Mille. She staged the majority of her ballet works with them. Many choreographers have mounted works especially for ABT, including George Balanchine, Adolph Bolm, Michel Fokine, Léonide Massine, and Bronislava Nijinska. Other renowned choreographers who have worked at ABT include Jerome Robbins, Twyla Tharp, and Alvin Ailey.

ABT's 1976 production of The Nutcracker starring Mikhail Baryshnikov and Gelsey Kirkland was televised the following year and has become a broadcast classic.

The main season is held during the spring at New York City's Metropolitan Opera House, with shorter seasons in the fall previously held at New York City Center, now held at the David H. Koch Theater. Performances of Alexei Ratmansky's The Nutcracker during the holiday season are held at the Segerstrom Center for the Arts. The company tours extensively throughout United States and the world.^[105]

Schools and programs

Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School

The Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School at American Ballet Theatre (ABT/JKO School) is the associate school of American Ballet Theatre located within the Flatiron District of Manhattan, New York City. The school comprises a Children's Division for ages 4 to 12, a Pre-Professional Division for ages 12 to 18, and the preparatory program Studio Company for ages 16 to 20. Cynthia Harvey, a former dancer with ABT, serves as the school's artistic director.^[106]

Studio Company

ABT Studio Company, formerly known as ABT II, is a small company of 12 young dancers, ranging from ages 16 to 20, handpicked by ABT.^[107] It is the top level of the American Ballet Theatre training ladder and is currently an extension of the ABT JKO school.^[108] These dancers are trained in the program to join ABT's main company or other leading professional companies, and the program is described by ABT as "a bridge between ballet training and professional performance".

Project Plié

Project Plié is a diversity initiative launched in 2013 by Rachel Moore, who was then ABT's executive director and CEO. Following her departure, the project was overseen by artistic director Kevin McKenzie and Mary Jo Ziesel, ABT director of education and training.^[109] The program was inspired by ABT principal dancer Misty Copeland, and aims to "increase racial and ethnic representation in ballet and diversify America's ballet companies".^[110] The initiative is made up of a combination of partnerships within the community and within the industry in addition to scholarships and opportunities for exposure for children of color. Annually, as of 2013, Project Plié has awarded scholarships^[111] to young people ranging from ages 9 to 18 including to the ABT/JKO School, ABT's summer intensive programs and ABT's Young Dancer Workshop.

See also

• A Dancer's Life, a 1972 documentary film about the company
• List of productions of Swan Lake derived from its 1895 revival

References

NotesFurther viewing

• Wiseman, Frederick (Director) . 1995 . Ballet. motion picture . Zipporah Films .

External links

• • American Ballet Theatre entry in the Encyclopædia Britannica
• American Ballet Theatre entry in the Columbia Encyclopedia
• Archive footage of ABT (then Ballet Theatre) performing Interplay in 1949 at Jacob's Pillow
• Archive footage of ABT (then Ballet Theatre) performing Fancy Free in 1949 at Jacob's Pillow
• American Ballet Theatre at Google Cultural Institute
• Ballet Foundation collection of Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo and Ballet Theatre photographs, 1920s-1980s, held by the Dance Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts.

Notes and References

1. Encyclopedia: American Ballet Theatre. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2016-08-19.
2. Web site: 2023-06-22 . American Ballet Theatre's Summer of Love . 2024-03-12 . Observer . en-US.
3. Web site: United States Congress Honors American Ballet Theatre . Ballet Theatre Foundation, Inc. . American Ballet Theatre . May 25, 2006 . January 26, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111011055846/http://www.abt.org/insideabt/news_display.asp?News_ID=160 . October 11, 2011 . dead . mdy-all.
4. Web site: Company History . Ballet Theatre Foundation, Inc. . American Ballet Theatre . May 25, 2006 . January 26, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110525014829/http://www.abt.org/insideabt/history.asp . May 25, 2011 . dead . mdy-all.
5. News: DANCE VIEW; LUCIA CHASE HELPED CREATE THE BALLET WORLD WE KNOW. Kisselgoff, Anna. January 19, 1986. The New York Times. 2016-08-19.
6. [Horst Koegler]
7. Book: The Encyclopedia of New York State. Peter R. Eisenstadt. Laura-Eve Moss. 146. ballet. Syracuse University Press. 2005. 9780815608080.
8. In 2016, Kara Medoff Barnett was appointed as the Executive Director of American Ballet Theatre.Web site: Step-by-step guide to dance: American Ballet Theatre. Guardian News. Sanjoy Roy. March 29, 2009. January 26, 2012.
9. Web site: American Ballet Theatre. Andros on Ballet. Gus Dick Andros. September 1, 1989. January 26, 2012.
10. News: American Ballet Theater's Leader to Step Down After 30 Years. The New York Times. Sulcas. Roslyn. March 25, 2021.
11. News: Susan Jaffe to Be Next Artistic Director at American Ballet Theater. The New York Times. Sulcas. Roslyn. May 9, 2022.
12. Web site: Cooper. Michael. 2015-06-17. Rachel Moore to Leave Ballet Theater for Music Center in Los Angeles. 2021-10-14. ArtsBeat. en-US.
13. News: Zornosa. Laura. 2021-07-26. American Ballet Theater's Executive Director Announces Her Departure. en-US. The New York Times. 2021-10-13. 0362-4331.
14. News: American Ballet Theater Taps Beyoncé Associate as Chief Executive. The New York Times. Hernández. Javier C.. November 23, 2021.
15. News: Hernández . Javier C. . 2024-03-14 . American Ballet Theater Names Dance Veteran as Executive Director . 2024-03-19 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331.
16. Web site: Antony Tudor – Choreographer . The Antony Tudor Ballet Trust . February 16, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120418052353/http://www.antonytudor.org/antonytudor/newyork.html . April 18, 2012 . dead .
17. News: Bilefsky . Dan . The Choreographer Alexei Ratmansky Is Leaving American Ballet Theater . The New York Times . December 22, 2022 . 24 December 2022.
18. Web site: Ormsby Wilkins named Music Director at ABT, Inside ABT, November 22, 2005 . January 22, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111011040757/http://www.abt.org/insideabt/news_display.asp?News_ID=139 . October 11, 2011 . dead . mdy-all .
19. Web site: American Ballet Theatre Staff . January 22, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130119032204/http://www.abt.org/insideabt/staff.asp . January 19, 2013 . dead . mdy-all .
20. Web site: A Conversation with David LaMarche, American Ballet Theatre Conductor, Dr. Roberta E. Zlokower, May 10, 2010. www.robertaonthearts.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20160717205241/http://www.robertaonthearts.com/offstage/IDOff14.html. 17 July 2016.
21. Web site: Orchestra, Inside ABT, June 30, 2016 . June 30, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160325193858/http://www.abt.org/insideabt/orchestra.asp . March 25, 2016 . dead . mdy-all .
22. News: ABT Launches New Apprentice Program. 2012-08-06. October 31, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20140329072421/http://www.abt.org/insideabt/news_display.asp?News_ID=411. March 29, 2014. dead. mdy-all.
23. Web site: ABT: Dancers: Corps de Ballet . American Ballet Theatre . February 10, 2012 .
24. Web site: ABT: Dancers: Soloists . American Ballet Theatre . February 10, 2012 .
25. Web site: ABT: Dancers: Principals . American Ballet Theatre . July 8, 2024 .
26. Web site: Chloe Misseldine Promoted to Principal Dancer at American Ballet Theatre . July 3, 2024 .
27. Web site: Dancers | American Ballet Theatre (ABT) .
28. Web site: Léa Fleytoux, Patrick Frenette, and Fangqi Li Promoted to Soloist at American Ballet Theatre .
29. Web site: Dancers: Principals: Nina Ananiashvili . first appearance with ABT in the spring 1993 . American Ballet Theatre . https://web.archive.org/web/20090208143039/http://abt.org/dancers/detail.asp?Dancer_ID=24 . February 8, 2009 . February 11, 2012.
30. Web site: Dancers: Principals: Victor Barbee . joined ABT in February 1975, was promoted to soloist in 1979, and to principal dancer in 1984 . American Ballet Theatre . https://web.archive.org/web/20030409080721/http://abt.org/dancers/barbee.html . April 9, 2003 . February 16, 2012.
31. Web site: Dancers: Principals: Julio Bocca . joined ABT as a principal dancer in 1986 . American Ballet Theatre . https://web.archive.org/web/20070807085845/http://www.abt.org/dancers/detail.asp?Dancer_ID=16 . August 7, 2007 . February 11, 2012.
32. Web site: Summer Intensives Faculty: Leslie Browne . joined ABT as a soloist in 1976, was promoted to principal dancer in 1986 . American Ballet Theatre . February 16, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120208040518/http://www.abt.org/education/summerint_faculty.asp . February 8, 2012 . dead . mdy-all.
33. Web site: Fernando Bujones, 50, International Ballet Star, Dies . . Anna Kisselgoff . November 11, 2005 . February 11, 2012.
34. Web site: Ballet Faculty Bio | Maxim Beloserkovsky . Mr. Beloserkovsky was made a soloist in 1995 and was appointed principal dancer in 2000 . Steps NYC . July 22, 2024.
35. Web site: Dancers: Principals: José Manuel Carreño . joined ABT as a principal dancer in June 1995 . American Ballet Theatre . https://web.archive.org/web/20110716085327/http://abt.org/dancers/detail.asp?Dancer_ID=20 . July 16, 2011 . February 10, 2012.
36. Web site: choreographers: Anton Dolin . joined Ballet Theatre (now ABT) at its inception in 1940, remaining until 1946 as a dancer and choreographer . American Ballet Theatre . February 11, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120528022810/http://www.abt.org/education/archive/choreographers/dolin_a.html . May 28, 2012 . dead . mdy-all.
37. News: Dance Listings for May 17–23 . June 1, 2013 . nytimes.com. May 16, 2013 .
38. Web site: Dancers: Principals: Alessandra Ferri . joined ABT as a principal dancer in 1985 . American Ballet Theatre . https://web.archive.org/web/20071108022512/http://www.abt.org/dancers/detail.asp?Dancer_ID=25 . November 8, 2007 . February 11, 2012.
39. Web site: Carla Fracci . from 1967 she was principal guest artist of the American Ballet Theatre . The Ballerina Gallery . February 16, 2012.
40. Web site: Dancers: Principals: Guillaume Graffin . joined ABT as a principal dancer in 1988 . American Ballet Theatre . https://web.archive.org/web/20041215215407/http://abt.org/dancers/detail.asp?Dancer_ID=27 . December 15, 2004 . February 11, 2012.
41. Web site: Choreographers: Cynthia Gregory . joined the ABT in 1965, was quickly promoted to a principal dancer . American Ballet Theatre . February 16, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120531221004/http://www.abt.org/education/archive/choreographers/gregory_c.html . May 31, 2012 . dead . mdy-all.
42. Web site: Harvey, Cynthia . The Oxford Dictionary of Dance . Debra Craine and Judit Mackrell . January 1, 2000 . February 11, 2012.
43. Web site: An Interview with Cynthia Harvey former American Ballet Theater Principal Dancer . promoted to principal in 1982 . CriticalDance.com . Dean Speer and Francis Timlin . November 2003 . February 16, 2012.
44. Web site: Susan Jaffe Named Ballet Mistress With American Ballet Theatre . joined ABT in December 1980, became a soloist in 1981, was promoted to principal dancer in 1983, retired from American Ballet Theatre in 2002 . Press Release . American Ballet Theatre . June 11, 2010 . February 11, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120320065937/http://www.abt.org/insideabt/news_display.asp?News_ID=312 . March 20, 2012 . dead . mdy-all.
45. Web site: Choreographers: Gelsey Kirkland . joined ABT in 1974 as principal dancer . American Ballet Theatre . February 16, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120804003841/http://www.abt.org/education/archive/choreographers/kirkland_g.html . August 4, 2012 . dead . mdy-all.
46. News: Ruth Ann Koesun, Versatile Ballet Theater Dancer, Dies at 89 . Ms. Koesun joined the company in 1946 while it was appearing in London and advanced quickly to principal dancer. . . February 14, 2018 . January 19, 2023. Kisselgoff . Anna .
47. Web site: Robert La Fosse . joined American Ballet Theatre in 1977, where he danced as a principal dancer for nine years . Barnard College Department of Dance . February 11, 2012.
48. Web site: Annabelle Lyon, Dancer With Balanchine, Dies at 95 . In 1939 she became a charter member of Ballet Theater (now ABT) ... leaving Ballet Theater in 1943 . . Jack Anderson . November 10, 2011 . February 11, 2012.
49. Web site: Choreographers: Natalia Makarova . joined ABT in December 1970 . American Ballet Theatre . February 16, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080606192442/http://www.abt.org/education/archive/choreographers/makarova_n.html . June 6, 2008 . dead . mdy-all.
50. Web site: Dancers: Principals: Vladimir Malakhov . joined ABT as a principal dancer in Spring 1995 . American Ballet Theatre . https://web.archive.org/web/20090321160849/http://www.abt.org/dancers/detail.asp?Dancer_ID=29 . March 21, 2009 . February 11, 2012.
51. Web site: Obituaries: Dame Alicia Markova . Ballet Theatre 1941–46 . . December 3, 2004 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121108011743/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/dame-alicia-markova-6156634.html . dead . November 8, 2012 . February 11, 2012.
52. Web site: Choreographers: Kevin McKenzie . joined ABT as a soloist in March 1979, was appointed a principal dancer the following December, and danced with the company until 1991 . American Ballet Theatre . February 11, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211338/http://www.abt.org/education/archive/choreographers/mckenzie_k.html . March 3, 2016 . dead . mdy-all.
53. Web site: Dancers: Principals: Amanda McKerrow . joined ABT as a member of the corps de ballet in 1982, was appointed a soloist in 1983, and a principal dancer in 1987 . American Ballet Theatre . https://web.archive.org/web/20060527100839/http://www.abt.org/dancers/detail.asp?Dancer_ID=30 . May 27, 2006 . February 11, 2012.
54. Web site: Dancers: Principals: Kathleen Moore . joined ABT II in 1980, invited to corps de ballet in 1982, promoted to soloist in 1988, promoted to principal in 1991 . 2018-09-29. American Repertory Ballet, Princeton Ballet School.
55. Web site: Veronika Part to Give Final Performances with ABT . joined ABT in 2002, promoted to Principal Dancer in May 2009 and left on July 8, 2017 . American Ballet Theatre . July 8, 2017 . July 9, 2017.
56. Web site: Kirk Peterson Named Artistic Director of ABT Studio Company . joined ABT in 1974 and rose to the rank of Principal, left in 1980 . Press Release . American Ballet Theatre . March 8, 2006 . February 16, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111011055014/http://www.abt.org/insideabt/news_display.asp?News_ID=147 . October 11, 2011 . dead . mdy-all.
57. Web site: Nymph Maniacs : A Song of the Sea Infuses 'Sirens,' Premiering at UCI . joined ABT in 1978, resigned in 1993 . The Los Angeles Times . Chris Pasles . October 28, 1993 . February 16, 2012.
58. Web site: Danilo Radojevic, Associate Artistic Director . left The Australian Ballet to become a Soloist with ABT, with the company for 15 years, was promoted to principal dancer in 1981 . The Australian Ballet . February 16, 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120315221613/http://www.australianballet.com.au/about_us/artistic_staff/danilo_radojevic . March 15, 2012 . mdy-all.
59. Web site: Johan Renvall . joined ABT in 1978, was promoted to soloist in 1981, and to principal dancer in 1987, retired in 1996 . Ballet Arts . February 11, 2012.
60. Web site: Alumni: Keith Roberts . joined ABT as a member of the corps de ballet in 1987, was appointed soloist in 1992, and principal dancer in 1997 . UNCSA School of Dance . February 16, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120224045207/http://www.uncsa.edu/dance/alumni.htm#Roberts . February 24, 2012 . dead . mdy-all.
61. Bachko . Katia . July 2, 2012 . Ethan Stiefel: No Longer "Center Stage" . The New Yorker . April 11, 2015.
62. Web site: Ballet Mistress: Marianna Tcherkassky . joined ABT in 1970, was elevated to principal dancer in 1976 . Pittsburgh Ballet Theatre . February 11, 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120208140757/http://www.pbt.org/about/ballet_mistress/ . February 8, 2012 . mdy-all.
63. Web site: Dancers: Principals: Ashley Tuttle . joined the corps de ballet of ABT in 1987, was promoted to soloist in 1992, and to principal dancer in 1997 . American Ballet Theatre . https://web.archive.org/web/20040815180913/http://www.abt.org/dancers/detail.asp?Dancer_ID=34 . August 15, 2004 . February 11, 2012.
64. Web site: The Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School at American Ballet Theatre: Faculty Biography: Martine van Hamel . joined ABT in 1970, was promoted to the rank of soloist in 1971, became a principal dancer in 1973 . American Ballet Theatre . February 11, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120324213335/http://www.abt.org/education/bios_faculty/vanhamel_martine_edubio.asp . March 24, 2012 . dead . mdy-all.
65. Web site: Dancers: Principals: Michele Wiles . joined ABT in 1998, was promoted to soloist in 2000, and to principal dancer in 2005 . American Ballet Theatre . https://web.archive.org/web/20110525055800/http://www.abt.org/dancers/detail.asp?Dancer_ID=46 . May 25, 2011 . February 10, 2012.
66. Web site: Diana Vishneva to Give Final Performances with ABT . joined ABT as a Principal Dancer in 2005, retired in June, 2017 . July 8, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170704155405/http://www.abt.org/insideabt/news_display.asp?News_ID=560 . July 4, 2017 . dead . mdy-all.
67. Web site: Dancers: Soloists: Ethan Brown . joined ABT as a member of the corps de ballet in 1981, was promoted to soloist in 1988 . American Ballet Theatre . https://web.archive.org/web/20050211075542/http://www.abt.org/dancers/detail.asp?Dancer_ID=22 . February 11, 2005 . February 11, 2012 .
68. Web site: Ethan Brown's Retirement . July 2 & 3, 2004 . danceviewtimes.com . David Vaughan . July 6, 2004 . February 11, 2012 .
69. Web site: Summer Intensives Faculty: Leslie Browne . joined ABT as a member of the corps de ballet in 1980, achieved rank of soloist in 1991, retired in 1996 . American Ballet Theatre . February 16, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120208040518/http://www.abt.org/education/summerint_faculty.asp . February 8, 2012 . dead . mdy-all.
70. Web site: Dancers: Soloists: Sandra Brown . joining the corps de ballet of American Ballet Theatre in 1987, was promoted to soloist in 1992 . American Ballet Theatre . https://web.archive.org/web/20050313200152/http://www.abt.org/dancers/detail.asp?Dancer_ID=35 . March 13, 2005 . February 11, 2012 .
71. Web site: Sandra Brown . In 2003 she left ABT to pursue work as a freelance artist . Colorado Ballet . February 11, 2012 .
72. Web site: Faculty: Carolyn Tener Brown . was a soloist with American Ballet Theatre for 7 years . New Jersey School of Ballet . February 16, 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120407045825/http://www.njschoolofballet.com/faculty/member/9 . April 7, 2012 . mdy .
73. Web site: Dancers: Soloists: Carmen Corella . joined ABT as a member of the corps de ballet in April 1998, was appointed a soloist in August 2003 . American Ballet Theatre . https://web.archive.org/web/20070730205503/http://www.abt.org/dancers/detail.asp?Dancer_ID=57 . July 30, 2007 . February 11, 2012 .
74. Web site: Dancers: Soloists: Erica Cornejo . joined ABT’s Studio Company in May 1998, later that year joined ABT as a member of the corps de ballet, was appointed a soloist in April 2003 . American Ballet Theatre . https://web.archive.org/web/20070804060535/http://www.abt.org/dancers/detail.asp?Dancer_ID=37 . August 4, 2007 . February 11, 2012 .
75. Web site: Master Class with George De La Pena . soloist with American Ballet Theater . indianapolis City Ballet . February 16, 2012.
76. Web site: Dancers: Soloists: Joaquín De Luz . joined ABT as a member of the corps de ballet in 1997, was promoted to soloist in 1998 . American Ballet Theatre . https://web.archive.org/web/20030626032214/http://abt.org/dancers/detail.asp?Dancer_ID=38 . June 26, 2003 . February 11, 2012 .
77. Web site: Lisa de Ribere . joined ABT in 1979 ... soloist ... retired from performing in 1984 . The School of American Ballet . February 11, 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20121210061848/http://www.sab.org/school/faculty.php?fid=31 . December 10, 2012 . mdy-all.
78. Web site: Melissa Hayden To Tape Video Series For The George Balanchine Foundation . she joined Ballet Theatre, soon becoming a soloist, in 1945 . The George Balanchine Foundation . November 5, 1999 . February 16, 2012 .
79. Web site: Houston Ballet Announces New First Soloists, Jared Matthews and Yuriko Kajiya . Jared Matthews and Yuriko Kajiya, currently soloist dancers with American Ballet Theatre (ABT), will join Houston Ballet as first soloists for the 2014/15 season beginning in August 2014 . Houston Ballet . May 7, 2014 . July 9, 2014 .
80. News: Khadarina . Oksanna . Washington Ballet – Tour-de-Force: Balanchine! bill – Washington . Dancetabs . 6 May 2014 .
81. Web site: Dancers: Soloists: Anna Liceica . joined ABT's corps de ballet in 1996, was promoted to soloist in August 2000 . American Ballet Theatre . https://web.archive.org/web/20070903222005/http://www.abt.org/dancers/detail.asp?Dancer_ID=39 . September 3, 2007 . February 11, 2012 .
82. Web site: Dancers: Soloists: Carlos Lopez . joined ABT as a member of the corps de ballet in September 2001, was appointed a soloist in August 2003 . American Ballet Theatre . https://web.archive.org/web/20110525060150/http://www.abt.org/dancers/detail.asp?Dancer_ID=69 . May 25, 2011 . February 10, 2012 .
83. Web site: Cupcakes & Conversation with Carlos Lopez . . August 19, 2011 .
84. Web site: Staff: Charles Maple, Conservatory Director . at the age of nineteen he joined ABT, rose through the ranks to become a featured soloist . Maple Conservatory . February 16, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120225032846/http://mapleconservatory.com/faculty/conservatory.shtml#cmaple . February 25, 2012 . dead . mdy-all.
85. Web site: Press Releases: San Francisco Ballet . New Company Members . San Francisco Ballet . August 19, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171121150109/https://www.sfballet.org/about/media_center/press_releases/2014_New_Dancers . November 21, 2017 . dead .
86. Web site: Dancers: Soloists: Monique Meunier . joined ABT as a soloist in August 2002 . American Ballet Theatre . https://web.archive.org/web/20050313162209/http://abt.org/dancers/detail.asp?Dancer_ID=40 . March 13, 2005 . February 11, 2012 .
87. Web site: Dancers: Soloists: Carlos Molina . joining ABT as a member of the corps de ballet in 1998, was appointed a soloist in August 2001 . American Ballet Theatre . https://web.archive.org/web/20050525145316/http://abt.org/dancers/detail.asp?Dancer_ID=42 . May 25, 2005 . February 11, 2012 .
88. Web site: ABT: Inside ABT . will give his farewell performance with the Company on July 3 at the Metropolitan Opera House in the role of Franz in Coppélia . American Ballet Theatre . April 24, 2014 . July 9, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140626054719/http://www.abt.org/insideabt/news_display.asp?News_ID=479 . June 26, 2014 . dead . mdy-all.
89. Web site: Amy Rose . joined ABT at the age of sixteen (in 1979), was a soloist with from 1979–1992 . American Ballet Intensives . February 16, 2012 .
90. Web site: American Ballet Theatre – Gennadi Saveliev farewell in Le Corsaire – New York . Saturday was a day of farewells at American Ballet Theater, and I was happy to catch soloist Gennadi Saveliev’s final performance . DanceTabs . July 7, 2012 .
91. Web site: Dancers: Corps De Ballet: Maria Bystrova . joined ABT's Studio Company (now ABT II) in August 1999, joined ABT as a member of the corps de ballet in August 2000 . American Ballet Theatre . https://web.archive.org/web/20100917134530/http://abt.org/dancers/detail.asp?Dancer_ID=54 . September 17, 2010 . February 10, 2012 .
92. Web site: Dancers: Corps De Ballet: Caroline Duprot . joined ABT as a member of the corps de ballet in January 2009 . American Ballet Theatre . https://web.archive.org/web/20101212231031/http://abt.org/dancers/detail.asp?Dancer_ID=231 . December 12, 2010 . February 10, 2012 .
93. Web site: The Artist . Creating artwork soon become a passion, which has continued since his retirement from American Ballet Theatre in 2012 . Tobin Eason . https://web.archive.org/web/20121223080752/http://www.tobineason.com/about-us.aspx . December 23, 2012 . July 12, 2013 . Alt URL
94. Web site: Dancers: Corps De Ballet: Aino Ettala . joined ABT as a member of the corps de ballet in January 2010 . American Ballet Theatre . https://web.archive.org/web/20101212231250/http://abt.org/dancers/detail.asp?Dancer_ID=240 . December 12, 2010 . February 10, 2012 .
95. Web site: Dancers: Corps De Ballet: Meaghan Hinkis . joined ABT as an apprentice in March 2010, became a member of the corps de ballet in October 2010 . American Ballet Theatre . https://web.archive.org/web/20101213013617/http://abt.org/dancers/detail.asp?Dancer_ID=210 . December 13, 2010 . February 10, 2012 .
96. Web site: Dancers: Corps De Ballet: Carrie Jensen . joined ABT's Studio Company in 1999, joined ABT in May 2000 . American Ballet Theatre . https://web.archive.org/web/20080420061037/http://www.abt.org/dancers/detail.asp?Dancer_ID=77 . April 20, 2008 . February 10, 2012 .
97. Web site: Dancers: Corps De Ballet: Clinton Luckett . joined ABT as a member of the Corps de Ballet in September 1992 . American Ballet Theatre . https://web.archive.org/web/20020602190432/http://www.abt.org/dancers/luckett.html . June 2, 2002 . February 16, 2012 .
98. Web site: The American star of the ballet enticed to vladivostok . Known American ballet dancer joseph phillips will work in troupe of seaside opera and ballet theater in vladivostok . Russian News . https://web.archive.org/web/20080422031332/http://www.abt.org/dancers/detail.asp?Dancer_ID=217 . April 22, 2008 . July 9, 2014 .
99. https://www.scfta.org/Engage-and-Learn/ABT-William-J-Gillespie-Dance-School/Faculty.aspx Faculty
100. Web site: Dancers: Corps De Ballet: Isaac Stappas . spent two years in ABT's Studio Company before joining ABT's main company in 2000 . American Ballet Theatre . https://web.archive.org/web/20110525055158/http://www.abt.org/dancers/detail.asp?Dancer_ID=88 . May 25, 2011 . February 10, 2012 .
101. Web site: Dancers: Corps De Ballet: Sarawanee Tanatanit . joined ABT's Studio Company in 2001, joined ABT as an apprentice in August 2002, and the corps de ballet in January 2003 . American Ballet Theatre . https://web.archive.org/web/20080420130003/http://www.abt.org/dancers/detail.asp?Dancer_ID=89 . April 20, 2008 . February 26, 2012 .
102. Web site: Dancers: Corps De Ballet: Mary Mills Thomas . joined ABT's Studio Company (now ABT II) in Fall 2005, joined ABT as an apprentice in August 2007, and the corps de ballet in January 2008 . American Ballet Theatre . https://web.archive.org/web/20101213012602/http://abt.org/dancers/detail.asp?Dancer_ID=171 . December 13, 2010 . February 10, 2012 .
103. Web site: Dancers: Corps De Ballet: Melissa Thomas . joined ABT's Studio Company in Fall 2001, joined ABT as a member of the corps de ballet in August 2002 . American Ballet Theatre . https://web.archive.org/web/20080420130010/http://www.abt.org/dancers/detail.asp?Dancer_ID=90 . April 20, 2008 . February 26, 2012 .
104. Web site: American Ballet Theatre - Susan Reiter.
105. https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/american-ballet-theatre/touring.html "American Ballet Theatre: Touring the Globe for 75 Years"
106. Web site: Legendary Ballerina Cynthia Harvey's Second Act as Artistic Director of the ABT JKO School. Playbill. 2018-01-25.
107. Web site: ABT: Education and Training. www.abt.org. 2018-01-25. https://web.archive.org/web/20120111141525/http://www.abt.org/education/studiocompany.asp. January 11, 2012. dead. mdy-all.
108. Web site: American Ballet Theatre's Studio Company Looks to the Future Playbill. Playbill. en. 2018-01-25.
109. News: Kourlas. Gia. 2015-10-30. Push for Diversity in Ballet Turns to Training the Next Generation. en-US. The New York Times. 2022-01-13. 0362-4331.
110. News: Misty Copeland Inspires Project Plié, A Diversity Initiative Launched By ABT To Find More Black Ballerinas. Byng. Rhonesha. 2013-09-19. Huffington Post. 2018-01-25.
111. News: American Ballet Theatre program brings diversity to ballet. 2017-12-07. ABC7 New York. 2018-01-25.