| Honorific-Prefix: | Don |
| Miguel Antonio de Merlos y Jiménez de los Ríos | |
| Office1: | Governor of Porco |
| Term Start1: | 1708 |
| Term End1: | 1709 |
| Predecessor1: | ? |
| Successor1: | ? |
| Order3: | Mayordomo of Buenos Aires |
| Term Start3: | 1705 |
| Term End3: | 1706 |
| Predecessor3: | ? |
| Successor3: | ? |
| Order4: | Mayordomo of Buenos Aires |
| Term Start4: | 1740 |
| Term End4: | 1741 |
| Predecessor4: | ? |
| Successor4: | ? |
| Order5: | Escribano of the Real Asiento de Inglaterra |
| Term Start5: | 1716 |
| Term End5: | 1718 |
| Predecessor5: | ? |
| Successor5: | ? |
| Birth Name: | Miguel Antonio de Merlos y Jiménes |
| Birth Date: | 1669 |
| Death Date: | c. 1744 |
| Death Place: | Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| Spouse: | Rosa Martinez de Figueroa |
| Signature: | Miguel Antonio de Merlo firma.jpg |
| Branch: | Spanish Army |
| Serviceyears: | 1690s-1730s |
| Rank: | Sergeant major |
| Unit: | Fuerte de Buenos Aires |
| Commands: | Compañía de Guardias Españolas de Buenos Aires |
Miguel Antonio de Merlos (1669-c.1744) was a Spanish military man and politician, who served during the colonial period of Buenos Aires. He held various positions, including Sargento Mayor of the Compañía of Guardias Españolas and Governor of the province of Porco.
Miguel Antonio de Merlos was baptized on January 20, 1669 in the Parish of Santa Eulalia, the son of Diego de Merlos y Calvo and Estefanía Jiménez de los Ríos, belonging to Spanish noble families from Murcia. He did his studies in Spain and arrived at the Río de la Plata as a passenger of Capt. Francisco de Retama in 1691.
Installed in Buenos Aires, Merlos held various military and political positions, including as commander of the Fuerte de Buenos Aires. He also served as notary of the Real Asiento de Inglaterra, and held the position of Mayordomo of Buenos Aires in 1705 and 1740 (hierarchical position, concerning to managing the finances of the city).
His first public position in the Spanish domains of America was as governor of Porco (Potosí, Bolivia), appointed on September 15, 1708, during the viceroyalty of Manuel de Oms, 1st Marquis of Castelldosrius.
Miguel Antonio de Merlos was married in the Buenos Aires Cathedral to Rosa Martinez de Figueroa, daughter of Juan Martínez Guerrero and Leonor Ramírez de Arellano, belonging to an illustrious family of the Kingdom of Chile. He and his wife were the parents of Miguel Antonio de Merlos y Martínez, caballero of the Real Orden de Santiago, who served as alcalde of 2nd vote (vice-mayor) of Buenos Aires in 1735.