Miguel Ángel Mancera Explained

Miguel Ángel Mancera
Birth Date:1966 1, df=yes
Birth Place:Mexico City, Mexico
Birth Name:Miguel Ángel Mancera Espinosa
Residence:Mexico City, Mexico
Office:Head of Government of Mexico City
Order:6th
Term Start:5 December 2012
Term End:29 March 2018
Predecessor:Marcelo Ebrard
Successor:José Ramón Amieva (acting)[1]
Office1:President of the National Conference of Governors
Term Start1:3 May 2017
Term End1:13 December 2017
Predecessor1:Graco Ramírez
Successor1:Arturo Núñez Jiménez
Office2:Attorney General of Justice of Mexico City
Term Start2:8 July 2008
Term End2:6 January 2012
Governor2:Marcelo Ebrard
Predecessor2:Rodolfo Félix Cárdenas
Successor2:Jesús Rodríguez Almeida
Party:Independent
Alma Mater:National Autonomous University of Mexico

Miguel Ángel Mancera Espinosa (pronounced as /es/; born 16 January 1966) is a Mexican lawyer and politician who works with the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD). He served as the Mayor of Mexico City from 2012 to 2018. Mancera graduated from the Faculty of Law of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) in 1989, and he was awarded the Gabino Barreda Medal two years later for being the best student of his class. He has a master's degree from the University of Barcelona and the Metropolitan Autonomous University and a Juris Doctor from the UNAM.

Mancera has been a professor at several universities, including the UNAM, Autonomous Technological Institute of Mexico and University of the Valley of Mexico. In 2002, he began working as a bureaucrat when Marcelo Ebrard, the Secretary of Public Security of Mexico City, invited him to be his adviser. In 2006, Mancera became Assistant Attorney General, and from 2008 to 2012, he worked as Attorney General of the city. According to official reports, from 2010 to 2011, crime in Mexico City decreased by up to 12%. Mancera received several awards during his management as Attorney General.

In early 2012, Mancera became the candidate of the Progressive Movement coalition, formed by the PRD, the Labor Party, and the Citizens' Movement Party, for Head of Government of the Federal District in the 1 July 2012, elections. On 7 July 2012, Mancera became mayor-elect after he won with over 63% of the vote, and took office on 5 December 2012.

Miguel Ángel Mancera's administration as Mayor of Mexico City has been under scrutiny by his successor, Claudia Sheinbaum.[2] During these investigations, different officials from his cabinet and from his close team as Head of Government of Federal District have been indicted, imprisoned or remain fugitives. In 2020 Mancera was disqualified from holding any public role in Mexico City for one year due to irregularities in 2018.[3]

Early life and education

He was born on 16 January 1966, in the colonia (neighborhood) Anáhuac, located in the Miguel Hidalgo borough, in Mexico City. His father is the founder of the restaurant chain Bisquets Obregón.[4] Mancera has four half-siblings: Ana, Miguel, Jaime and María del Carmen. When he was four, he lived in the Tacuba neighborhood,[5] where he went to kindergarten.[6] Mancera studied at Miguel Alemán Primary School and Secondary School 45, both located in Benito Juárez borough.[6] [5] He studied high school at Preparatoria 6, a high school that belongs to the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).[6] [5] According to Mancera, when he was a teenager he had a car accident, where another car crashed into his, and Mancera was the passenger. The public prosecution service asked Mancera to sign a document that exempted the driver of the car that caused the accident from liability.[6] [5] Mancera asked Victoria Adato Green, then-Attorney General of the Federal District, to pursue the case, assisted by consultor Diego Ramudia, and managed to fine the responsible driver.[5]

Mancera decided to change his career to law. He attended the Faculty of Law of the UNAM from 1985 to 1989.[6] [5] His thesis, "La libertad por desvanecimiento de datos en el Proceso Penal y la Absolución de la Instancia" ("The progressive release of public data on criminal prosecutions and acquittals") won the Diario de México Medal "Los Mejores Estudiantes de México" in November 1990.[7] In November 1991, he was awarded the Gabino Barreda Medal by the UNAM Faculty of Law, for being the best of his class of 1989.[4] [5] [7] Mancera earned his master's degree from the University of Barcelona[5] and the Metropolitan Autonomous University Azcapotzalco campus,[8] and his Juris Doctor from UNAM, with honors, with his thesis "El injusto en la tentativa y la graduación de su pena en el derecho penal mexicano" ("Injustice and disparity in Mexican criminal sentencing").[5] His studies included a specialty in penal law at the University of Salamanca and the University of Castile-La Mancha, Spain,[9] under the auspices of the Panamerican University, Mexico.[10]

Early political career

Mancera has worked as a candidate attorney, lawyer, and adviser at several law firms, including García Cordero y Asociados and Grupo de Abogados Consultores.[6] [11] Mancera has been a professor at several universities of Mexico, including the UNAM, Autonomous Technological Institute of Mexico, University of the Valley of Mexico, Panamerican University, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, and Autonomous University of Baja California.[4] [5] [12] In 2002, Mancera was a review committee member of the Criminal Procedure Code for the Federal District,[12] and around the same time, he began working in government after Marcelo Ebrard, Mexico City's Secretary of Public Security, invited him to be his adviser.[9] [13] After Andrés Manuel López Obrador, the mayor of Mexico City, named Ebrard as Social Development Secretary of the city, Mancera was assigned Legal Director of the Social Development Secretariat.[9] In 2006, Mancera was named Assistant Attorney General of Mexico City.[9]

On 8 July 2008,[14] Mancera was named Attorney General of Mexico City, after Rodolfo Félix Cárdenas was dismissed from office because of the News Divine Bar incident,[15] in which nine teenagers and three police officers died in a botched police raid.[16] According to official reports,[17] from 2010 to 2011 crime in Mexico City decreased by 12%,[17] [18] while the national crime rate rose 10.4%.[19] During this time, 179 street gangs with 706 members were disbanded,[20] and kidnappings decreased 61%.[21]

Mayor of Mexico City

See also: 2012 Federal District of Mexico head of government election. On 6 January 2012, Mancera resigned as attorney general to become candidate for the Head of Government in the 1 July 2012 election. Jesús Rodríguez Almeida took his place as Attorney General.[22] On 8 January, Mancera registered as a precandidate for Mayor of Mexico City, as a member of the PRD.[23] On 19 January, he became the official Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) candidate for Mayor of Mexico City, running against Alejandra Barrales, Gerardo Fernández Noroña, Martí Batres and Joel Ortega Cuevas, representing the leftist Progressive Movement coalition, which is formed by the PRD party, the Labor Party, and the Citizen's Movement Party.[24] [25] The adversaries of Mancera were Beatriz Paredes Rangel, for the Commitment to Mexico coalition, an alliance of political parties Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) and Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (PVEM),[26] Isabel Miranda de Wallace for the National Action Party (PAN),[27] and Rosario Guerra for the New Alliance Party (PANAL).[28] According to surveys made in late January, Mancera was between 18 and 30 points ahead of Paredes.[29] However, the following month, electoral preferences that favored him decreased by nine points.[30] Electoral preference for Mancera then increased from 36% in March to 41% in April in an El Universal daily poll.[31] In May, Mancera favorability increased to 57.5%;[32] in the same month, Adolfo Hellmund, Luis Mandoki, and Costa Bonino, in the house of Luis Creel, borrowed six million dollars on behalf of Mancera and López Obrador, but both politicians disassociated themselves from the incident,[33] and Mancera filed a complaint against the people responsible for using his name without authorization with the Attorney General of Mexico City.[34]

As candidate, the proposals of Mancera included to continue Ebrard's policies,[35] an increase of 13,000 to 20,000 safety cameras,[36] a reduction of car travel time, the expansion of the Mexico City Metro 12 line, a review of the issue of solid waste, the minibuses will be removed from the streets, 18 water purification plants, a Green Plan, the replacement of garbage trucks to separate organic and inorganic waste, among others.[37] On 1 July 2012, exit polls noted that Mancera was the presumed winner of the election, with a margin of 59.5–64.5%,[38] and had approximately 40% more votes than the second-place candidate, Paredes.[13] On 7 July 2012, the Federal District Electoral Institute (IEDF) announced Mancera as Head of Government-elect, endorsing him with a certificate;[39] [40] [41] which he received on 8 October 2012.[41]

Mancera assumed office on 5 December 2012,[42] [43] as the sixth Mayor of Mexico City.[44] On 24 December 2012, Mancera began a voluntary disarmament campaign in Iztapalapa borough, in return people who participated would receive money, tablet computers, and home appliance;[45] small arms and grenades were exchanged.[46] The program was applied to all Mexico City's boroughs during 2013,[47] 2014,[48] and 2015.[49]

On 7 April 2013, Mexican actress Laura Zapata asked Mancera to help her son, whose car had been crashed and the responsible escaped. Mancera asked Rodolfo Ríos, then-Attorney General of Mexico City, to take the case. Because of this, he was criticized by Twitter users because of "selectively attending requests from citizens."[50] In November 2013, Mancera announced the increase of the Mexico City Metro fare, from three pesos to five, per travel. According to the Metro operator, Sistema Transporte Colectivo, with the increase the system would use the earnings for several uses, including the improvement of the infrastructure and maintainment of its 12 lines and its 195 stations.[51] The decision was criticized by sectors of the city population because its increase would represent a "blow up in the economy" of the inhabitants, as the minimum wage in Mexico City was 64.76 pesos, as of January 2013.[52] [53] Mancera announced three opinion poll companies would ask to 7,200 Metro users if the fare should be increased, polling from 28 November to 2 December; the respondents represented less than the 1% of the 5.5 million daily users who use the system.[54] [55] According to the results from the companies Parametría (with 53.3%), Consulta Mitofsky (with 56.2%) and Covarrubias y Asociados (with 57.6%), the increment was approved to be applied since 13 December.[56] Due to this, through the Movimiento Pos Me Salto, users called to civil disobedience protests by jumping over the turnstiles.[57] [58] However, Mexico City Government announced they would take legal actions against those who skip them.[59] [60]

Investigations of Miguel Ángel Mancera's administration

Upon the arrival of Claudia Sheinbaum as his successor as Mayor of Mexico City several investigations were initiated by the . They included the prosecution of various crimes and administrative offenses that were allegedly done in Mancera's administration, as well as to some close collaborators. Among those who have been investigated or sanctioned include:

In 2020, 1,680 public servants were sanctioned by Mexico City Comptroller Office in different ways. On 5 October 2020, the Electoral Tribunal of the Federal Judiciary (TEPJF, in Spanish) sanctioned Mancera with a one-year disqualification to any public role in Mexico City after determining that he promoted a presidential candidate, Ricardo Anaya, in 2018, while being Head of Government, and sanctioned by Mexican electoral laws.

Personal life

Mancera has been married twice. His first marriage was to a woman named Martha in the early 1990s, with whom he lived in civil union for a year.[6] They divorced two years later, and after six years Mancera married Magnolia, with whom he had two children, Miguel and Leonardo.[6] [9] After a decade, he divorced Magnolia.[6] Mancera has a daughter out of wedlock, but he has said the child's mother does not want Mancera to see her.[6] From 2008 to 2009, Mancera dated Alejandra Barrales,[6] [9] who was the president of the PRD party at that time,[75] who intended on becoming the PRD candidate for Mayor of Mexico City in 2012.[25]

In September 2007, two assailants on a motorcycle intercepted and attempted to rob him while he drove his BMW in Periférico Sur. His bodyguard intervened and shot one of the robbers, killing him.[9]

In his spare time, he practices multiple sports, including Krav Maga, indoor cycling and weight lifting, hunting and aviation.[76] On 31 October 2014, Mancera had a cardiac surgery because three months before a cardiac arrhythmia was detected.[77] During the surgery, he had a cardiac perforation.[77] [78] [79] He recovered two weeks later.[80]

In 2008, Mancera received the Alfonso Caso Award, given by the UNAM Faculty of Law, for the most distinguished graduate of the doctoral program.[81] In September 2011, he was awarded the Latin American Prize for Life and Security of Women and Girls in Latin America and the Caribbean.[82] In October 2011, he was co-awarded the First Class Honor Star Medal, by the Police and Security Association, for "his international collaboration to search and locate suspected criminals, as well as cooperation for the exchange of information and training on security and law enforcement."[83] In February 2012, UNAM's Faculty of Law awarded Mancera the Raúl Carrancá y Trujillo Medal for his "academic and professional trajectory".[84] [85]

Bibliography

See also

Notes

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Alistan el dictamen para nombrar jefe de Gobierno. es. 4 April 2018. 9 April 2018.
  2. Web site: Sheinbaum pide dar seguimiento a investigación por corrupción en gobierno de Mancera (Sheinbaum asks to follow up on corruption investigation in Mancera government). 22 October 2020. www.proceso.com.mx. es.
  3. Web site: 22 October 2020. Inhabilitan a Mancera por un año en la CDMX (Mancera is disqualified for a year in CDMX). 22 October 2020. El Universal. es.
  4. Web site: Candidatos al GDF: Miguel Ángel Mancera Espinosa . 1 February 2012 . 9 July 2012 . . es . https://web.archive.org/web/20160307015402/http://noticias.terra.com.mx/mexico/politica/elecciones/2012/candidatos-al-gdf-miguel-angel-mancera-espinosa,b64e501e6b625310VgnVCM20000099f154d0RCRD.html . 7 March 2016 . live .
  5. Asuntos Internos: Miguel Ángel Mancera . Bejamín . Salcedo . . Wenner Media, LLC . 9 July 2012 . es . https://web.archive.org/web/20120712084850/http://www.rollingstone.com.mx/rs_mes/asuntos-internos-miguel-angel-mancera/ . 12 July 2012 . live.
  6. Web site: Mancera, el exprocurador a fondo . es . 11 January 2012 . 9 July 2012 . Animal Político. Elephant Publishing, LLC . Alberto . Tavira Álvarez . https://web.archive.org/web/20120712084850/http://www.rollingstone.com.mx/rs_mes/asuntos-internos-miguel-angel-mancera/ . 12 July 2012 . live.
  7. Web site: Mancera o Beatriz. es. González Avelar. Víctor. El Diario de Coahuila. Grupo Imagen Multimedia. 9 July 2012. 7 January 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20160307075453/http://www.eldiariodecoahuila.com.mx/notas/2012/1/7/mancera-beatriz-271756.asp. 7 March 2016. dead.
  8. Book: Camp, Roderic Ai. Mexican Political Biographies, 1935 – 2009. 4th. University of Texas Press. 584. Austin, Texas. 9780292729926. 2011. 753978359.
  9. Web site: Perfil: Miguel Ángel Mancera Espinosa . es . 9 July 2012 . 9 June 2012 . Arturo . Páramo . . Grupo Imagen Multimedia . https://web.archive.org/web/20150624014433/http://www.excelsior.com.mx/index.php?m=negro-nota&seccion=gobierno-distrito-federal&cat=411&id_nota=803623 . 24 June 2015 . live .
  10. Web site: Mancera se registra como candidato del PT al GDF. es. Red Política. El Universal Compañía Periodística Nacional S.A. de C.V. 26 January 2012. 9 July 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20150623212719/http://www.redpolitica.mx/eleccion-2012/mancera-se-registra-como-candidato-del-pt-al-gdf. 23 June 2015. dead.
  11. Web site: Mancera, a la sombra incómoda de Regino . es . El Universal . El Universal Compañía Periodística Nacional S.A. de C.V . 16 July 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160204033819/http://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/primera/31318.html . 4 February 2016 . live.
  12. Web site: Profesores de Asignatura: Mancera Espinosa, Miguel Ángel . es . dead . https://archive.today/20130221020554/http://derecho.itam.mx/facultad/facultad_asignatura_mancera.html . 21 February 2013 . . 10 July 2012.
  13. Web site: Ventaja histórica de Mancera en el DF. es. 2 July 2012. CNN México. Time Warner. 11 July 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090355/http://mexico.cnn.com/nacional/2012/07/02/ventaja-historica-de-mancera-en-el-df. 4 March 2016. live.
  14. Web site: Va Mancera de encargado de la PGJDF. es. 5 December 2012. El Universal. El Universal Compañía Periodística Nacional S.A. de C.V. 8 July 2012. Fernando. Martínez. Alberto. Cuenca.
  15. Web site: El procurador del DF deja el cargo para contender por el gobierno local. es. 6 January 2012. CNN México. Time Warner. 11 July 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304082551/http://mexico.cnn.com/nacional/2012/01/06/el-procurador-del-df-deja-el-cargo-para-contender-por-el-gobierno-local. 4 March 2016. live.
  16. Web site: 5 episodios relevantes de Ebrard en la capital. es. CNN México. Time Warner. 11 July 2012. 22 September 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040350/http://mexico.cnn.com/nacional/2011/09/22/news-divine-el-momento-doloroso. 4 March 2016. live.
  17. Web site: Destacan en EU elección de Mancera sin impugnaciones. es. MVS Comunicaciones. 20 December 2017.
  18. Web site: Fading political left still thrives in Mexico City . Mark . Stevenson . 23 June 2012 . 10 July 2012 . . https://archive.today/20130725032705/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/fading-political-left-still-thrives-mexico-city . 25 July 2013 . live.
  19. Web site: Miguel Ángel Mancera . . 5 July 2012 . es . https://web.archive.org/web/20150814095616/http://www.cnn.mx/perfiles/2012/miguel-angel-mancera . 14 August 2015 . live.
  20. Web site: Desarticulan 179 bandas delicitivas durante el 2011. Yañez. Israel. 10 January 2012. La Crónica de Hoy. La Crónica. es. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20130720073533/http://www.cronica.com.mx/notas/2012/626997.html. 20 July 2013.
  21. Web site: Los delitos durante la gestión de Mancera. es. Paris. Martínez. Animal Político. Elephant Publishing, LLC. 23 January 2012. 20 December 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20160606045307/http://www.animalpolitico.com/2012/01/el-comportamiento-de-los-delitos-en-el-df-durante-la-gestion-de-mancera/. 6 June 2016. live.
  22. Web site: Sucesor de Mancera dará continuidad a programas . 3 July 2012 . El Universal . El Universal Compañía Periodística Nacional S.A. de C.V . es . 7 January 2012 . Bolaños . Claudia.
  23. Web site: Mancera Espinosa registra en el PRD precandidatura . 3 July 2012 . 8 January 2012 . Robles . Johana . es . El Universal . El Universal Compañía Periodística Nacional S.A. de C.V.
  24. News: Johana. Robles. Izquierdas arropan a Mancera para el GDF. El Universal. El Universal Compañía Periodística Nacional S.A. de C.V.. 19 January 2012. 3 July 2012. es.
  25. News: Mancera, virtual candidato al GDF por la izquierda. El Universal. El Universal Compañía Periodística Nacional S.A. de C.V.. 19 January 2012. 3 July 2012. Robles. Johana. Villanueva. Jonatha. es.
  26. Web site: Cuestionan alumnos del Tec a Beatriz Paredes en materia de seguridad. es. Comunicación e Información, S.A. de C.V. Proceso. Iguartúa. Santiago. 3 May 2012. 12 July 2012.
  27. Web site: El PAN presenta a Isabel Miranda de Wallace como su candidata para el DF. es. 12 July 2012. 12 January 2012. CNN México. Time Warner. https://web.archive.org/web/20160207093030/http://mexico.cnn.com/nacional/2012/01/12/el-pan-presenta-a-isabel-miranda-de-wallace-como-su-candidata-para-el-df. 7 February 2016. live.
  28. Web site: Rosario Guerra, candidata al GDF por Nueva Alianza. es. Azteca Noticias. TV Azteca S.A. de C.V. 16 June 2012. 12 July 2012.
  29. Web site: Mancera supera en 23 puntos porcentuales a Paredes: Mitofsky. es. ADNPolítico. Grupo Expansión. 2 February 2012. 12 July 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120310102111/http://www.adnpolitico.com/encuestas/2012/02/02/mancera-supera-en-23-puntos-porcentuales-a-paredes-mitofsky. 10 March 2012. dead.
  30. Web site: Encuesta de El Universal reporta que Mancera pierde 9 puntos. es. ADNPolítico. Grupo Expansión. 20 March 2012. 12 July 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120424092916/http://www.adnpolitico.com/encuestas/2012/03/20/mancera-pierde-9-puntos-pero-mantiene-ventaja-rumbo-al-gdf. 24 April 2012. dead.
  31. Web site: Mancera encabeza preferencias; aumenta 5 por ciento. es. El Universal Compañía Periodística Nacional S.A. de C.V. El Universal. 24 April 2012. 12 July 2012. Robles. Johana.
  32. Web site: Crece ventaja de Mancera en el DF. es. El Universal Compañía Periodística Nacional S.A. de C.V. El Universal. 21 May 2012. 12 July 2012. Robles. Johana.
  33. Web site: Pasan "Charola" a empresarios, piden 6mdd para AMLO . 31 May 2012 . 7 October 2015 . es . La Prensa . . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053153/http://laprensa.mx/notas.asp?id=127628 . 4 March 2016 . live.
  34. Web site: Mancera presenta denuncia por "charolazo" . 31 May 2012 . 7 October 2015 . es . https://archive.today/20240527134417/https://www.webcitation.org/6c6Zswxls?url=http://razon.com.mx/spip.php%3Farticle124329 . 27 May 2024 . dead . Diario La Razón de México . Grupo La Razón .
  35. Web site: Miguel Ángel Mancera ofrece continuar las políticas de Marcelo Ebrard. 12 January 2012. 12 July 2012. CNN México. Time Warner. es.
  36. Web site: Las noticias de hoy. Resumen Eduardo Ruiz Healy. Radio Fórmula. Grupo Fórmula. es. 1 May 2012. 12 July 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20161220230303/http://www.radioformula.com.mx/notas.asp?Idn=240704. 20 December 2016.
  37. Web site: Propone Mancera a citadinos disminuir trayectos a 30 minutos, de casa a trabajo . Excélsior . Grupo Imagen Multimedia (Archived by Instituto Nacional del Fromación Política PRD) . 27 May 2012 . 12 July 2012 . es . 4 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304070315/http://sintesis.prd.org.mx/resumen.php?articulo_id=170809 . dead.
  38. Web site: Aventaja Miguel Ángel Mancera elección por GDF. es. 1 July 2012. 12 July 2012. W Radio. Televisa S.A. de C.V. 6 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160306135736/http://wradio.com.mx/radio/2012/07/01/nacional/1341187140_715228.html. live.
  39. Web site: Recibe Miguel Ángel Mancera la constancia de mayoría. es. 8 July 2012. 9 July 2012. La Crónica de Hoy. La Crónica.
  40. Web site: Ya es Mancera Jefe de Gobierno electo. 7 July 2012. 10 July 2012. Reforma. Terra Networks S.A. Ernesto. Osorio. es. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20170113053839/https://noticias.terra.com.mx/mexico/estados/ya-es-mancera-jefe-de-gobierno-electo,04b0af01f7468310VgnVCM5000009ccceb0aRCRD.html. 13 January 2017.
  41. Web site: Recibe Mancera constancia como jefe de Gobierno electo. es. ADN Político. Grupo Expansión. 7 October 2015. 8 October 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064248/http://www.adnpolitico.com/2012/2012/10/08/mancera-recibe-constancia-como-jefe-de-gobierno-electo. 4 March 2016. dead.
  42. Web site: El gabinete de Mancera estará listo en noviembre. es. 8 July 2012. Excélsior. Grupo Imagen Multimedia. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084534/http://www.excelsior.com.mx/node/846383. 4 March 2016. dead.
  43. Web site: Mancera ya es Jefe de Gobierno, promete obedecer. es. El Economista. Verónica. Macías. Dedenhi. Hernández. El Economista S.A. de C.V. 5 December 2012. 7 October 2015. 21 December 2017. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20171221035911/https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/politica/Mancera-ya-es-Jefe-de-Gobierno-promete-obedecer-20121205-0016.html.
  44. Web site: Miguel Ángel Mancera recibe constancia como jefe de gobierno electo del DF. Aristegui Noticias. 8 December 2012. 7 October 2015. es.
  45. Web site: Mancera invita a unirse a programa de desarme. El Universal. El Universal Compañía Periodística Nacional S.A. de C.V. 22 December 2012. 9 January 2013. es.
  46. Web site: Desarme en Iztapalapa acumula 866 armas en 10 días . Excélsior . Grupo Imagen Multimedia . 2 January 2013 . 9 January 2013 . es . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030712/http://www.excelsior.com.mx/node/877481 . 4 March 2016 . live.
  47. Web site: Desarme voluntario se extiende en el DF. es. 21 January 2013. 7 October 2015. Zócalo Saltillo.
  48. Web site: Rebasa meta de desarme voluntario en el DF en 2014 . Ilich . Valdéz . 8 December 2014 . . . 7 October 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150621091747/http://www.milenio.com/df/desarme_voluntario-canje_de_armas-rebase_de_meta-Sedeso_DF-GDF_0_423557935.html . 21 June 2015 . live.
  49. Web site: Arranca en GAM programa de desarme voluntario . Eduardo . Galván . 22 June 2015 . Milenio . Grupo Multimedios . 7 October 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095146/http://www.milenio.com/df/desarme_voluntario_GAM-armas_de_fuego_delegacion_Gustavo_A-_Madero_0_541146093.html . 4 March 2016 . live.
  50. Web site: Mancera ayuda a Laura Zapata y causa enojo entre tuiteros . es . Revista Quién . Expansión, S.A. de C.V . 8 April 2013 . 7 October 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304092536/http://www.quien.com/politica/2013/04/08/mancera-ayuda-a-laura-zapata-y-causa-enojo-entre-tuiteros . 4 March 2016 . live.
  51. Web site: Proponen subir a 5 pesos precio del metro. es. El Economista. El Economista S.A. de C.V. 14 November 2013. 8 December 2013. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074244/http://eleconomista.com.mx/distrito-federal/2013/11/14/proponen-subir-5-pesos-precio-metro. 4 March 2016.
  52. Web site: ¿Cuál es el impacto al bolsillo del aumento a la tarifa del metro? . es . Darinka . Rodríguez . 7 October 2015 . 6 December 2013 . El Financiero . Grupo Multimedia Lauman . 4 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051351/http://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/archivo/cual-es-el-impacto-al-bolsillo-del-aumento-a-la-tarifa-del-metro.html . live.
  53. Web site: ¿Cuánto cuesta el Metro y salario en otros países? . es . 28 November 2013 . 7 December 2013 . El Universal . El Universal Compañía Periodística Nacional S.A. de C.V . https://web.archive.org/web/20150923235844/http://www.eluniversaldf.mx/home/cuanto-cuesta-el-metro-y-salario-en-otros-paises-.html . live . 23 September 2015.
  54. Web site: Inició este viernes encuesta sobre incremento a tarifa del Metro. es. 8 December 2013. 28 November 2013. El Punto Crítico.
  55. Web site: Consideran una burla que 7,200 decidan por más de 5.5 millones . es . Enrique . Hernández . 8 December 2013 . 30 November 2013 . La Prensa . Organización Editorial Mexicana . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924135909/http://www.oem.com.mx/laprensa/notas/n3210535.htm . 24 September 2015 . live.
  56. Web site: El viaje en el Metro del DF costará 5 pesos a partir del 13 de diciembre. CNN México. Time Warner. 6 December 2013 . 8 December 2013. es.
  57. Web site: Civil disobedience over Metro price hike in Mexico City. Demotix. Jazmín. Adrián. 8 December 2013. 7 December 2013. 23 September 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150923231847/http://www.demotix.com/news/3447701/civil-disobedience-over-metro-price-hike-mexico-city#media-3447593. dead.
  58. Web site: Mexico City subway rate increase enrages commuters. Los Angeles Times. 7 October 2015. 28 December 2013. Tracy. Wilkinson. Cecilia. Sanchez.
  59. Web site: El GDF va contra la campaña para pasar al Metro sin pagar. es. ADNPolítico. Grupo Expansión. 8 December 2013. 8 December 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131211052103/http://www.adnpolitico.com/gobierno/2013/12/08/el-gdf-va-contra-la-campana-para-pasar-al-metro-sin-pagar. 11 December 2013. dead.
  60. Web site: Va GDF contra quien brinque torniquetes . es . 8 December 2013 . 8 December 2013 . Milenio . Grupo Multimedios . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080837/http://www.milenio.com/region/Va-GDF-brinque-torniquetes_0_204579772.html . 4 March 2016 . live.
  61. Web site: Detienen a Miguel Ángel Vázquez, subsecretario en gobierno de Mancera. Miguel Ángel Vázquez, undersecretary in government of Mancera, is arrested. 22 October 2020. El Financiero. 27 February 2020 . es.
  62. Web site: Miguel Ángel Vásquez, ex mano derecha de Mancera en CDMX, ya fue vinculado a proceso. Miguel Ángel Vásquez, Mancera's former right-hand man in CDMX, has already been linked to the process. 22 October 2020. infobae. 3 March 2020 . es-ES.
  63. Web site: 21 October 2020. Autoridades realizan cateo en un domicilio de Luis Serna, "exmano derecha" de Mancera. Authorities search a home of Luis Serna, Mancera's "ex-right hand" . 22 October 2020. El Universal. es.
  64. Web site: El patrimonio no declarado de Luis Serna: la American Express de un contratista del GDF y el 'boom' inmobiliario de su esposa. The undeclared assets of Luis Serna: the American Express of a GDF contractor and the real estate 'boom' of his wife. 22 October 2020. contralacorrupcion.mx.
  65. Web site: Empresa contratista de CDMX dio tarjeta de crédito a Luis Serna, apunta investigación (CDMX contractor company gave Luis Serna a credit card, according to investigation). 22 October 2020. Aristegui Noticias. es.
  66. Web site: Juez niegan amparo a ex titular de Seduvi de CdMx . Judge denies protection to former head of Seduvi de CdMx. 22 October 2020. www.milenio.com. es-MX.
  67. Web site: 18 October 2019. La CDMX pide ayuda a la Interpol para detener al exsecretario Edgar Tungüí . CDMX asks Interpol for help to arrest former secretary Edgar Tungüí . 22 October 2020. ADNPolítico. es.
  68. Web site: Bravo. Elba Mónica. 8 October 2020. Detienen a otro ex funcionario del gobierno de Mancera. Another former official of the Mancera government is arrested. 22 October 2020. www.jornada.com.mx. es.
  69. Web site: Flores. Alejandro Cruz. 12 August 2020. Sancionó Contraloría local a mil 680 servidores de esta gestión y anterior. Local Comptroller sanctioned 1,680 servers of this and previous management. 22 October 2020. www.jornada.com.mx. es.
  70. News: La FGR confisca un departamento y tres cuentas bancarias a exoficial mayor de Mancera . January 28, 2021 . proceso.com.mx . Proceso . December 22, 2020 . spanish.
  71. News: Detienen en Acapulco a exfuncionario de Seduvi acusado de uso ilegal de atribuciones . January 28, 2021 . proceso.com.mx . Proceso . December 26, 2020 . spanish.
  72. News: Cuarta orden de aprehensión contra exfuncionario de la Seduvi en gobierno de Mancera . January 28, 2021 . proceso.com.mx . Proceso . January 5, 2021 . spanish.
  73. News: Fiscalía liga ejecución de empresario con corrupción en el gobierno de Mancera . January 28, 2021 . proceso.com.mx . Proceso . January 23, 2021 . spanish.
  74. News: Sheinbaum insiste en vínculo entre empresario ejecutado y corrupción en gobierno de Mancera . January 28, 2021 . proceso.com.mx . Proceso . January 27, 2021 . spanish.
  75. Web site: Confirman que Alejandra Barrales dejará la dirigencia del PRD en el DF . esmas.com. Televisa S.A. de C.V . 29 January 2012 . 27 November 2012 . es . https://web.archive.org/web/20190803114239/http://www2.esmas.com/noticierostelevisa/mexico/037992/deja-alejandra-barrales-dirigencia-del-prd-df/ . live . 3 August 2019 .
  76. Web site: 10 facetas desconocidas de Miguel Ángel Mancera . es . ADNPolítico. Grupo Expansión . 20 January 2012 . 11 July 2012 . 17 November 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20151117105136/http://www.adnpolitico.com/2012/2012/01/20/10-facetas-desconocidas-de-miguel-angel-mancera .
  77. Web site: Perforación cardiaca ocasionó cirugía de Mancera. es. 1 November 2015. Israel. Navarro. Pedro. Domínguez. Milenio. Grupo Imagen Multimedia. 7 October 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084622/http://www.excelsior.com.mx/comunidad/2014/11/01/990084. 4 March 2016. live.
  78. Web site: Se complica operación de Mancera . es . 1 November 2015 . Kenya . Ramírez . Francisco . Pazos . Excélsior . Grupo Imagen Multimedia . 7 October 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081610/http://www.milenio.com/df/Se_complica_operacion_de_Mancera-jefe_de_Gobierno-operacion_corazon-Pena_Nieto_0_401359861.html . 4 March 2016 . live .
  79. Web site: Reportan estable a Mancera luego de operación de corazón. es. 1 November 2014. 7 October 2015. Noticieros Televisa. Televisa S.A. de C.V.
  80. Web site: Mancera reaparece en evento público tras operación de corazón. es. El Financiero. Grupo Multimedia Lauman. 18 November 2014. 7 October 2015. Rafael. Montes.
  81. Web site: Miguel Ángel Mancera Espinosa . Red Politica . es . El Universal Compañía Periodística Nacional S.A. de C.V . 13 July 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150827185044/http://www.redpolitica.mx/yopolitico/perfil/miguel-angel/mancera-espinosa . 27 August 2015 . dead .
  82. Web site: Por la vida y la seguridad de las mujeres y las niñas en AL . 24 September 2010 . 7 October 2015 . Cimacnoticias. Comunicación e Información de la Mujer AC, (CIMAC) . es . Mexico . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304121512/http://www.cimacnoticias.com.mx/node/41682 . 4 March 2016 . live.
  83. Web site: Condecoran a Mancera por colaboración internacional. Madrid. Lemic. 11 October 2011. 13 July 2012. Azteca Noticias. TV Azteca S.A. de C.V. es.
  84. Web site: Condecoran a Miguel Ángel Mancera en la UNAM. Excélsior. Grupo Imagen Multimedia. 9 February 2012. Filiberto. Cruz Monroy. es. 7 October 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304044224/http://www.excelsior.com.mx/2012/02/09/comunidad/809019. 4 March 2016. live.
  85. Web site: Galardona la UNAM a Miguel Mancera y Marisela Morales. 8 February 2012. RCMultimedios. es. 7 October 2015.
  86. Book: Proyectos legislativos y otros temas penales: Segundas Jornadas sobre Justicia Penal. 2003. 970-32-0313-2. García Ramírez, Sergio. Vargas Casillas, Leticia A. . etal . 115–124. Mexico. Doctrína jurídica. National Autonomous University of Mexico. es. 52004788. VIII. No. 129. I.
  87. Book: Análisis del Nuevo Código Penal Para el Distrito Federal: Terceras Jornadas sobre Justicia Penal "Fernando Castellanos Tena". 2003. 970-32-0568-2. García Ramírez, Sergio. Islas de González Mariscal, Olga. Mexico. Doctrína jurídica. National Autonomous University of Mexico. es. 53836151. No. 144. I. etal.
  88. Book: Nuevo Código para el Distrito Federal Comentado. Libro Segundo (Artículos 250 al 365 y Transitorios) Tomo III. I. 2006. 9700766799. García Ramírez, Sergio. Islas de González Mariscal, Olga. Mexico City. Doctrína jurídica. National Autonomous University of Mexico. Editorial Porrúa. es. 254345014. XIX. No. 348. etal.
  89. Book: Estudios Jurídicos en Homenaje a Olga Islas de González Mariscal, Tomo II. 2007. 978-970-32-439-14 . García Ramírez, Sergio. Mexico. Doctrína jurídica. National Autonomous University of Mexico. es. No. 129. I. 166310075. etal.
  90. Web site: Presentan libro de Mancera . es . Diario La Razón de México . Grupo La Razón . 14 July 2012 . 4 April 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230619/http://razon.mx/spip.php?article119643 . 3 March 2016 . dead .

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