Middlesex County, Massachusetts Explained

County:Middlesex County
State:Massachusetts
Seal:Middlesex County Seal.png
Founded Year:1643
Founded Date:May 10
Coordinates:42.49°N -71.39°W
Area Total Sq Mi:847
Area Land Sq Mi:818
Area Water Sq Mi:29
Area Percentage:3.5
Census Yr:2020
Pop:1632002
Density Sq Mi:1996
Time Zone:Eastern
District:3rd
District2:4th
District3:5th
District4:6th
District5:7th

Middlesex County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,632,002,[1] making it the most populous county in both Massachusetts and New England and the 22nd most populous county in the United States. It is the most populous county on the East Coast outside of New York or Florida. Middlesex County is one of two U.S. counties (along with Santa Clara County, California) to be amongst the top 25 counties with the highest household income and the 25 most populated counties. It is included in the Census Bureau's Boston–Cambridge–Newton, MA–NH Metropolitan Statistical Area. As part of the 2020 United States census, the Commonwealth's mean center of population for that year was geo-centered in Middlesex County, in the town of Natick[2] (this is not to be confused with the geographic center of Massachusetts, which is in Rutland, Worcester County).

On July 11, 1997, Massachusetts abolished the executive government of Middlesex County primarily due to the county's insolvency.[3] Middlesex County continues to exist as a geographic boundary and is used primarily as district jurisdictions within the court system and for other administrative purposes; for example, as an election district. The National Weather Service weather alerts (such as severe thunderstorm warning) continue to localize based upon Massachusetts's counties.

History

The county was created by the Massachusetts General Court on May 10, 1643, when it was ordered that "the whole plantation within this jurisdiction be divided into four shires." Middlesex initially contained Charlestown, Cambridge, Watertown, Sudbury, Concord, Woburn, Medford, and Reading.[4] In 1649 the first Middlesex County Registry of Deeds was created in Cambridge.

On April 19, 1775, Middlesex was site of the first armed conflict of the American Revolutionary War.

In 1855, the Massachusetts State Legislature created a minor Registry of Deeds for the Northern District of Middlesex County in Lowell.

In the late 19th century and early 20th century, Boston annexed several of its adjacent cities and towns including Charlestown and Brighton from Middlesex County, resulting in an enlargement and accretion toward Suffolk County.

Beginning prior to dissolution of the executive county government, the county comprised two regions with separate county seats for administrative purposes:

Since the start of the 21st century much of the current and former county offices have physically decentralized from the Cambridge seat, with the sole exceptions being the Registry of Deeds and the Middlesex Probate and Family Court, which both retain locations in Cambridge and Lowell. Since the first quarter of 2008, the Superior Courthouse[6] has been seated in the city of Woburn;[7] [8] the Sheriff's Office is now administratively seated in the city of Medford and the Cambridge-based County Jail[9] has since been amalgamated with another county jail facility in Billerica.[10] The Cambridge District Court (which has jurisdiction for Arlington, Belmont and Cambridge); along with the Middlesex County District Attorney's Office, although not a part of the Middlesex County government, was also relatedly forced to relocate to Medford at the time of the closure of the Superior Courthouse building in Cambridge.[11] [12]

Law and government

Of the fourteen counties of Massachusetts, Middlesex is one of eight[13] which have had no county government or county commissioners since July 1, 1998, when county functions were assumed by state agencies at local option following a change in state law. Immediately prior to its dissolution, the executive branch consisted of three County Commissioners elected at-large to staggered four-year terms. There was a County Treasurer elected to a six-year term. The county derived its revenue primarily from document filing fees at the Registries of Deeds and from a Deeds Excise Tax; also a transfer tax was assessed on the sale price of real estate and collected by the Registries of Deeds.[14]

Budgets as proposed by the County Commissioners were approved by a County Advisory Board that consisted of a single representative of each of the 54 cities and towns in Middlesex County. The votes of the individual members of the advisory board were weighted based on the overall valuation of property in their respective communities.

The County Sheriff and two Registers of Deeds (one for the Northern District at Lowell and another for the Southern District at Cambridge) are each elected to serve six-year terms. Besides the employees of the Sheriff's Office and the two Registries of Deeds, the county had a Maintenance Department, a Security Department, some administrative staff in the Treasurer's and Commissioners' Offices, and the employees of the hospital.

The county government also owned and operated the Superior Courthouse, one of which was formerly in Cambridge (since 2008 relocated to Woburn.)[15] and one in Lowell; and the defunct Middlesex County Hospital in the city of Waltham.

The legislation abolishing the Middlesex County executive retained the Sheriff and Registers of Deeds as independently elected officials, and transferred the Sheriff's Office under the state Department of Public Safety and the two Registry of Deeds offices to the Massachusetts Secretary of State's Office. Additionally, all county maintenance and security employees were absorbed into the corresponding staffs of the Massachusetts Trial Court. The legislation also transferred ownership of the two Superior Courthouses to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The hospital was closed. Finally, the office of County Commissioner was immediately abolished and the office of County Treasurer was abolished as of December 31, 2002. Any county roads transferred to the Commonwealth as part of the dissolution. The other administrative duties (such as Sheriff, Department of Deeds and court system, etc.) and all supporting staff were transferred under the Commonwealth as well.

Administrative structure today

Records of land ownership in Middlesex County continue to be maintained at the two Registries of Deeds. Besides the Sheriff and the two Registers of Deeds, the Middlesex District Attorney, the Middlesex Register of Probate and the Middlesex Clerk of Courts (which were already part of state government before the abolition of Middlesex County government) are all elected countywide to six-year terms.

In Middlesex County (as in the entirety of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts), the governmental functions such as property tax assessment and collection, public education, road repair and maintenance, and elections were all conducted at the municipal city and town level and not by the county government.

In 2012 the 22-story Superior Court Building in Cambridge which was transferred from the abolished Executive County government was sold[18] [19] by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.[20] Due to its transfer from state control,[21] many local residents had tried to force the private developers to reduce the overall height of the structure.[22] [23]

Even following abolition of the executive branch for county government in Middlesex, communities are still granted a right by the Massachusetts state legislature to form their own regional compacts for sharing of services and costs thereof.

+ County government: Middlesex County
align=right Clerk of CourtsMichael A. Sullivan
align=right District AttorneyMarian T. Ryan
align=right Register of DeedsRichard P. Howe, Jr. (North at Lowell)
Maria C. Curtatone (South at Cambridge)
align=right Register of ProbateTara E. DeCristofaro
align=right County SheriffPeter J. Koutoujian[24]
State government
align=right State Representative(s)37 Representatives[25]
align=right State Senator(s)16 Senators[26]
align=right Governor's Councilor(s)Robert L. Jubinville (D-2nd district)
Marilyn M. Petitto (D-3rd district)
Eileen R. Duff (D-5th district)
Terrence W. Kennedy (D-6th district)
Paul DePalo (D-7th district)
Federal government
align=right U.S. Representative(s)Jake Auchincloss (D-)
Lori Trahan (D-)
Seth Moulton (D-)
Katherine Clark (D-)
Ayanna Pressley (D-)
align=right U.S. SenatorsElizabeth Warren (D), Ed Markey (D)

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of, of which is land and (3.5%) is water.[27] It is the third-largest county in Massachusetts by land area.

It is bounded southeast by the Charles River, and drained by the Merrimack, Nashua, and Concord rivers, and other streams.[28]

The MetroWest region comprises much of the southern portion of the county.

Adjacent counties

Transportation

These routes pass through Middlesex County

National protected areas

Demographics

, Middlesex County was tenth in the United States on the list of most millionaires per county.[29]

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 1,503,085 people, 580,688 households, and 366,656 families residing in the county.[30] The population density was . There were 612,004 housing units at an average density of .[31] The racial makeup of the county was 80.0% white, 9.3% Asian, 4.7% black or African American, 0.2% American Indian, 3.3% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 6.5% of the population.[30]

The largest ancestry groups were:[32]

Of the 580,688 households, 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.5% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 36.9% were non-families, and 27.8% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.10. The median age was 38.5 years.[30]

The median income for a household in the county was $77,377 and the median income for a family was $97,382. Males had a median income of $64,722 versus $50,538 for females. The per capita income for the county was $40,139. About 5.1% of families and 7.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.0% of those under age 18 and 8.0% of those age 65 or over.[33]

79.6% spoke English, 4.3% Spanish, 2.7% Portuguese, 1.6% Italian, 1.6% Chinese including Mandarin and other Chinese dialects and 1.5% French as their first language.

Middlesex County has the largest Irish-American population of any U.S. county with a plurality of Irish ancestry.[34] [35]

Demographic breakdown by town

Income

See also: List of Massachusetts locations by per capita income. The ranking of unincorporated communities that are included on the list are reflective if the census designated locations and villages were included as cities or towns. Data is from the 2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.[36] [37] [38]

RankTownPer capita
income		Median
household
income		Median
family
income		PopulationNumber of
households
1WestonTown$96,475$180,815$220,44111,2293,557
2SherbornTown$70,983$152,083$183,4564,1021,463
3WaylandTown$70,185$125,076$151,81212,9394,902
4CarlisleTown$68,060$159,063$171,1674,8141,612
5LexingtonTown$67,584$136,610$158,88831,12911,411
6ConcordTown$67,374$127,951$156,35217,5236,197
7WinchesterTown$65,172$127,665$160,70621,2057,611
8SudburyTown$63,862$159,713$173,58717,4825,613
9NewtonCity$60,323$109,724$141,94484,58330,735
10LincolnTown$57,471$130,523$141,6676,4802,150
11HopkintonTown$56,939$126,350$149,21314,6914,893
Chestnut Hill (02467)ZCTA$55,947$114,140$151,37521,9526,237
12BelmontTown$54,361$99,529$121,25024,5489,465
CochituateCDP$52,936$107,589$133,0826,3842,496
13BoxboroughTown$51,159$103,918$134,5834,9571,984
14ActonTown$49,603$109,491$135,00021,6567,924
15NatickTown$49,012$90,046$117,25932,72913,440
16BedfordTown$48,899$101,886$128,44813,1924,951
17StowTown$48,448$112,130$132,0616,4882,328
West ConcordCDP$47,633$103,693$145,2426,1342,069
18HollistonTown$47,624$107,374$125,23613,5124,918
19WestfordTown$47,587$119,511$135,00021,7167,308
20ArlingtonTown$47,571$85,059$107,86242,57019,007
21GrotonTown$47,003$117,903$135,14310,4783,650
22AshlandTown$46,626$93,770$116,79916,3056,484
23CambridgeCity$46,242$69,017$94,536104,32245,386
24ReadingTown$44,949$99,131$117,47724,5049,055
25ChelmsfordTown$42,535$90,895$110,96733,61013,304
26North ReadingTown$42,256$104,069$116,72914,7035,077
27DunstableTown$41,937$109,205$121,4063,1281,087
28LittletonTown$41,815$103,438$114,0948,8103,198
Middlesex CountyCounty$41,453$79,691$100,2671,491,762577,349
29WatertownCity$41,090$76,718$90,52131,79214,042
30WakefieldTown$40,227$85,379$112,29324,79410,058
31BurlingtonTown$40,083$92,236$107,33924,2079,177
32MelroseCity$39,873$84,599$105,89326,86410,963
GrotonCDP$39,208$55,446$127,7081,077507
HopkintonCDP$38,507$71,536$105,8822,110877
33TyngsboroughTown$38,067$101,103$111,78011,1983,797
34StonehamTown$37,573$77,476$95,49021,4138,909
35MarlboroughCity$37,314$72,853$94,77038,08715,856
36WilmingtonTown$37,084$100,861$107,43622,1167,200
37PepperellTown$37,081$84,618$102,94611,4074,125
38MaynardTown$36,818$77,255$93,11610,0834,222
39TewksburyTown$36,509$86,378$103,00828,77810,670
40HudsonTown$36,141$76,714$95,74618,8457,679
PepperellCDP$35,227$68,500$65,4172,239852
MassachusettsState$35,051$65,981$83,3716,512,2272,522,409
41MedfordCity$34,615$72,033$83,07855,84322,461
HudsonCDP$33,734$68,812$86,21614,7976,129
42WoburnCity$33,725$72,540$87,92437,83115,357
43WalthamCity$33,717$68,326$82,23360,20923,520
44FraminghamCity$33,665$66,047$86,97767,84426,167
PinehurstCDP$33,572$95,038$100,6507,2892,414
45BillericaTown$33,347$88,531$98,37139,93013,859
46SomervilleCity$32,785$64,480$71,51875,56631,476
47AshbyTown$32,434$82,614$84,6553,0301,060
48AyerTown$32,179$54,899$78,9477,3703,063
Littleton CommonCDP$32,058$80,352$105,2172,9071,131
49DracutTown$31,533$71,824$88,28129,24911,173
50TownsendTown$31,201$76,250$91,0238,9063,114
East PepperellCDP$30,475$74,077$79,1042,195811
AyerCDP$30,456$42,055$79,7082,5731,205
United StatesCountry$27,915$52,762$64,293306,603,772114,761,359
TownsendCDP$27,166$51,512$71,023968453
51MaldenCity$26,893$52,842$65,76358,82123,422
ShirleyCDP$24,943$41,250$41,8381,330593
52EverettCity$24,575$48,319$58,04541,07915,681
53ShirleyTown$24,427$71,146$78,4937,2352,189
54LowellCity$23,600$51,471$57,934105,86039,399
DevensCDP$13,933$72,986$73,1941,704113

Law enforcement

Agencyname:Middlesex Sheriff's Office
Abbreviation:MSO
Patch:MiddlesexSheriffpatch.jpg
Patchcaption:Patch of the Middlesex Sheriff's Office
Employees:800
Budget:$60 Million
Country:United States
Countryabbr:U.S.
Divtype:Commonwealth
Divname:Massachusetts
Legaljuris:County of Middlesex, Massachusetts
Police:Yes
Local:Yes
Headquarters:Medford, Massachusetts
Sworntype:Deputy Sheriff/Correction Officer
Electeetype:Sheriff
Minister1name:Peter Koutoujian
Lockups:2
Vehicle1type:Patrol Vehicle
Vehicles1:Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptor

The primary responsibility of the Middlesex Sheriff's Office is oversight of the Middlesex House of Correction and Jail in Billerica. It formerly ran the Middlesex Jail in Cambridge, which closed on June 28, 2014. In addition, the Sheriff's Office operates the Office of Civil Process and, the Lowell Community Counseling Centers, and crime prevention and community service programs. The office of sheriff was created in 1692, making it one of the oldest law enforcement agencies in the United States. The sheriff is elected to a 6-year term.[39]

Notable sheriffs include:[40]

Politics

Voter registration and party enrollment as of February 2024[41]
Unenrolledalign = center align = center
Democraticalign = center align = center
Republicanalign = center align = center
Libertarianalign = center align = center
Other partiesalign = center align = center
Totalalign = center align = center
Prior to 1960, Middlesex County was a Republican Party stronghold, backing only two Democratic Party presidential candidates from 1876 to 1956. The 1960 election started a reverse trend, with the county becoming a Democratic stronghold. This has been even more apparent in recent years, with George H. W. Bush in 1988 being the last Republican presidential candidate to manage forty percent of the county's votes and Mitt Romney in 2012 being the last Republican presidential candidate to manage even thirty percent of the vote. In 2020, Joe Biden won 71% of the vote, the highest percent for any presidential candidate since 1964.

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Communities

Most municipalities in Middlesex County have a town form of government; the remainder are cities, and are so designated on this list. Villages listed below are census or postal divisions, but have no separate corporate or statutory existence from the cities and towns in which they are located.

Cities

Towns

Census-designated places

Other villages and neighborhoods

Education

School districts include:[42]

K-12:

Secondary:

Elementary:

Tertiary institutions include:

Culture

Middlesex County is home to the Middlesex County Volunteers, a fife and drum corps that plays music from the 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. Founded in 1982 at the end of the United States Bicentennial celebration, the group performs extensively throughout New England. They have also performed at the Boston Pops, throughout the British Isles and Western Europe, and at the Edinburgh Military Tattoo's Salute to Australia in Sydney, Australia.

See also

References

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Census - Geography Profile: Middlesex County, Massachusetts. United States Census Bureau. November 14, 2021. November 15, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211115032626/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0500000US25017. live.
  2. Web site: April 1, 2020 . STATEFP,STNAME,POPULATION,LATITUDE,LONGITUDE . October 20, 2022 . . April 1, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220401024320/https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/reference/cenpop2020/CenPop2020_Mean_ST.txt . live .
  3. Massachusetts County Government: A Viable Institution?. Brendan. Concannon. Undergraduate Review. July 31, 2023. 2014. 10. 55–62. Bridgewater State University.
  4. Davis, William T. Bench and Bar of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, p. 44. The Boston History Company, 1895.
  5. Web site: Find a County . June 7, 2011 . National Association of Counties . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx . May 31, 2011 .
  6. News: Redmond . Lisa . March 10, 2008 . Middlesex Superior Court moving to Woburn . Digital First Media . . January 31, 2018 . WOBURN  - Middlesex Superior Court, currently located in the Edward J. Sullivan Courthouse in Cambridge, will move to a new facility in Woburn in the TradeCenter on Sylvan Road beginning Friday, according to Chief Justice for Administration and Management Robert A. Mulligan. . January 29, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180129141612/http://www.lowellsun.com/breakingnews/ci_8521720 . live .
  7. Web site: Press Release: Middlesex Superior Court Moves to Woburn . March 17, 2008 . Cummings Properties, LLC . January 31, 2018 . Woburn, MA, March 17, 2008  - The new furniture has been installed, years of case files have been dusted off, moved and organized, and the computers are all hooked up and ready to go. After 40 years in Cambridge, the Superior Court is open and ready for business in Woburn. [... ] Serving nearly all of the 54 communities in Middlesex County, the new Woburn building houses 15 courtrooms, clerks' offices, judges' chambers, the probation department, the law library, and more. In addition, the Court estimates that more than 400 people will use the building every day, including, lawyers, judges, administrative staff, jurors, plaintiffs, defendants, visitors, and others who work at the building and use the system. . January 30, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180130091238/https://www.tradecenter128.com/media.htm . live .
  8. News: Properties . Cummings . September 20, 2013 . Press Release:Middlesex Superior Court renews lease in Woburn . Cummings Properties, Business . Patch Media . January 31, 2018 . The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has extended its lease for the Middlesex County Superior Courthouse at TradeCenter 128 in Woburn for a seven-year term. This renewal comes five years after the Court moved from the Edward J. Sullivan Courthouse in Cambridge, which was in need of extensive renovations and has since been slated for redevelopment. . January 29, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180129141451/https://patch.com/massachusetts/woburn/middlesex-superior-court-renews-lease-in-woburn . live .
  9. News: Hanson . Melissa . June 28, 2014 . Middlesex Jail in Cambridge closes . dead. The Boston Globe . https://web.archive.org/web/20180129141409/https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2014/06/28/middlesex-jail-cambridge-closes/tH9JuyPXowVZTQLGQ9VdkJ/story.html. January 29, 2018. February 10, 2018 . subscription . The Middlesex Jail at the Edward J. Sullivan Courthouse in Cambridge closed Saturday after 32 years of operation, according to Middlesex Sheriff Peter J. Koutoujian..
  10. News: Boeri . David . June 30, 2014 . One Last Elevator Ride Down: Cambridge High-Rise Jail Is No More . . February 10, 2018 . A high-security weekend operation has emptied the Middlesex County Jail in Cambridge of all its inmates. . January 29, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180129200901/http://www.wbur.org/news/2014/06/30/middlesex-jail-cambridge-billerica . live .
  11. News: Barry . Rob . February 26, 2009 . Cambridge Court opens in Medford . WickedLocal . . February 10, 2018 . subscription . The Cambridge District Court moved into Medford this week, placing itself in the former Cross Country building at 4040 Mystic Valley Pkwy. . January 29, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180129141718/http://www.wickedlocal.com/article/20090226/news/302269714 . live .
  12. News: Kenney . Joan . Whiting . Charlotte . February 17, 2009 . Third District Court of Middlesex County Relocates From Cambridge to Medford . Public Information Office . Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court . . February 10, 2018 . Chief Justice for Administration and Management Robert A. Mulligan today announced that the Third District Court of Middlesex County, currently located in the Edward J. Sullivan Courthouse in Cambridge, will move to a new court facility on the Mystic Valley Parkway in Medford after the close of business on February 20, 2009, and open for business at this new site on Monday, February 23, 2009. . January 29, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180129195027/http://www.bostonbar.org/pub/bw/0809/022309/court_move.pdf . live .
  13. Web site: General Laws of Massachusetts, Chapter 34B. Abolition of County Government . Massachusetts General Court . November 26, 2016 . May 25, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210525142932/https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleVI/Chapter34b . live .
  14. Middlesex County Directory: 1993-1995, (Cambridge: Middlesex County Commissioners Office, 1995)
  15. News: Moskowitz . Eric . February 14, 2008 . Court move a hassle for commuters . January 29, 2018 . November 5, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161105032846/http://archive.boston.com/news/local/articles/2008/02/14/court_move_a_hassle_for_commuters/ . live .
  16. Book: Conklin . Edwin P. . Middlesex County and Its People . 1927 . Lewis Historical Publishing Company . New York . 119 . August 6, 2023.
  17. Web site: History of Middlesex Sheriff's Office. Edward M. Burns, Esq.. Middlesex Special Sheriff. October 20, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20091213215053/http://www.middlesexsheriff.org/about_history.htm. December 13, 2009. dead.
  18. News: Baldassari . Erin . December 17, 2012 . Leggat McCall wins bid for Sullivan Courthouse redevelopment in Cambridge . WickedLocal . . subscription . December 17, 2012 . Leggat McCall Properties was selected from a pool of seven bidders to redevelop the 22-story, 600,000-square-foot EJ Sullivan Courthouse in East Cambridge, the state announced Friday, Dec. 14. . January 30, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180130014120/http://cambridge.wickedlocal.com/x1107423193/Leggat-McCall-wins-bid-for-Sullivan-Courthouse-redevelopment-in-Cambridge . live .
  19. News: Parker . Brock . November 16, 2011 . State advertising 22-story Sullivan Courthouse, seeking to sell by September . . subscription . February 10, 2018 . State officials are advertising for a buyer for the 22-story, asbestos-plagued Edward J. Sullivan Courthouse in Cambridge and hope to move prisoners housed in a county jail at the facility to another location by the spring of 2013. . January 30, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180130091232/http://archive.boston.com/yourtown/news/cambridge/2011/11/state_advertising_22-story_sul.html . live .
  20. News: Ansari, Esq. . Maryam K. . December 19, 2012 . Cambridge Residents Contesting Plans for Sullivan Courthouse . FindLaw Network . Boston Real Estate Law News . Thomson Reuters . February 10, 2018 . January 30, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180130014347/http://bostonrealestatelawnews.com/2012/12/cambridge-residents-contesting-plans-for-sullivan-courthouse.html . live .
  21. News: Goodison . Donna . July 20, 2017 . Cambridge courthouse judged fit for redo . . February 10, 2018 . The Appeals Court upheld a 2015 Land Court decision that determined the former Edward J. Sullivan Courthouse, when transferred from state ownership to private ownership under Boston developer Leggat McCall Properties, would still be considered a legal, preexisting nonconforming structure despite losing its government immunity from zoning rules. . January 30, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180130145429/http://www.bostonherald.com/business/real_estate/2017/07/cambridge_courthouse_judged_fit_for_redo . live .
  22. News: Chesto . Jon . August 8, 2017 . A towering dilemma in East Cambridge . The Boston Globe . dead . subscription . February 10, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170811191556/http://www.bostonglobe.com/business/talking-points/2017/08/08/towering-dilemma-east-cambridge/c2wZnnDecPvEiiHSoyH7EK/story.html . August 11, 2017 . The developers who want to remodel the imposing former courthouse tower in East Cambridge and enliven its ground floor had hoped an appeals court decision last month was the final green light they needed..
  23. Web site: Staff writer . July 20, 2017 . 40 Thorndike Street . February 10, 2018 . Bldup.com . BLDUP . Upcoming mixed-use development located steps from Kendall Square that will transform the existing 22-story Sullivan Courthouse and Middlesex Jail tower in East Cambridge into a 20-story mixed-use tower. The new 40 Thorndike Street will feature approximately 430,000 square feet of office, research & development space and 15,000 square feet of ground-floor retail, along with 24 apartment residences on lower floors. Lower office floors will be marketed to startup companies as innovation space. Retail will include a grocery store and a health club; a daycare could be included as well. . January 30, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180130013843/http://www.bldup.com/projects/40-thorndike-street . live .
  24. Web site: Peter J. Koutoujian : Biography. December 9, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131209050852/http://middlesexsheriff.org/Biography.html . July 23, 2022. December 9, 2013 .
  25. Web site: Representative Districts . June 10, 2007 . May 30, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070530193736/http://www.mass.gov/legis/repdis03.htm . dead .
  26. Web site: Massachusetts General Court  - Senatorial Districts . June 10, 2007 . March 4, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100304165150/http://www.mass.gov/legis/sendis03.htm . dead .
  27. Web site: 2010 Census Gazetteer Files. United States Census Bureau. September 16, 2014. August 22, 2012. dead. https://archive.today/20140914175857/http://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/docs/gazetteer/counties_list_25.txt. September 14, 2014.
  28. Middlesex (United States). Middlesex: I. A N. E. county of Massachusetts.
  29. News: Top 10 millionaire counties . CNN . Jeanne . Sahadi . March 28, 2006 . August 3, 2020 . October 30, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201030082932/https://money.cnn.com/2006/03/28/news/economy/millionaires/ . live .
  30. Web site: DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data . January 12, 2016. . https://archive.today/20200213031244/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/0500000US25017 . February 13, 2020. dead .
  31. Web site: Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County . January 12, 2016. . https://archive.today/20200213184155/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/GCTPH1.CY07/0500000US25017 . February 13, 2020. dead .
  32. Web site: DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates . January 12, 2016. . https://archive.today/20200213032015/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP02/0500000US25017 . February 13, 2020. dead .
  33. Web site: DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates . January 12, 2016. . https://archive.today/20200213020651/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP03/0500000US25017 . February 13, 2020. dead .
  34. Web site: US Census Press Releases. https://web.archive.org/web/20060225100820/http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/facts_for_features_special_editions/006328.html. February 25, 2006. February 25, 2006.
  35. Web site: Archived copy . December 7, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151012164941/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/counties/totals/2011/tables/CO-EST2011-01-25.csv . October 12, 2015 . dead .
  36. Web site: SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS 2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. https://archive.today/20200212213610/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_11_5YR_DP03&prodType=table. dead. February 12, 2020. U.S. Census Bureau. January 26, 2013.
  37. Web site: ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES 2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. https://archive.today/20200212212105/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_11_5YR_DP05&prodType=table. dead. February 12, 2020. U.S. Census Bureau . January 26, 2013.
  38. Web site: HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES 2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. https://archive.today/20200212212620/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_11_5YR_S1101&prodType=table. dead. February 12, 2020. U.S. Census Bureau . January 26, 2013.
  39. Web site: Middlesex Sheriff . March 17, 2022 . Middlesexsheriff.org . March 14, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220314200932/https://www.middlesexsheriff.org/ . live .
  40. Web site: History of Middlesex Sheriff's Office. Edward M. Burns, Esq.. Middlesex Special Sheriff. October 20, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20091213215053/http://www.middlesexsheriff.org/about_history.htm. December 13, 2009. dead.
  41. Web site: The Commonwealth of Massachusetts . Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts . April 9, 2024 . February 24, 2024.
  42. Web site: 2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Middlesex County, MA. U.S. Census Bureau. July 22, 2022. July 22, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220722170353/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st25_ma/schooldistrict_maps/c25017_middlesex/DC20SD_C25017.pdf. live. - Text list

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