List of Middle East peace proposals explained

This is a reversed chronological list of peace proposals in the Middle East, often abbreviated under the Mideast peace^[1] concept.

Egyptian Crisis reconciliation

• Egyptian constitutional referendum, 2012
• Egyptian constitutional referendum, 2014

Syrian Civil War peace process

See main article: Syrian peace process.

• Arab League peace plan
  • Arab League observers mission December 2011–January 2012
• Russian resolution proposal on Syrian uprising
• Kofi Annan Syrian peace plan February–August 2012
  • United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria
• Lakhdar Brahimi Syrian peace plan – since August 17, 2012
• U.S.–Russia peace proposals on Syria – May 2013 proposal to organise a peace conference
  • Geneva II Conference on Syria – January 2014
• 2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement – between Syrian Opposition and Assad Government
• Vienna peace talks for Syria
• Four committees initiative
• Geneva III
• Geneva IV

Yemeni Crisis reconciliation

• Yemeni crisis reconciliation attempts
• Yemeni presidential election, 2012

Fatah–Hamas reconciliation talks

See main article: Fatah–Hamas reconciliation process.

• Fatah–Hamas Mecca Agreement (2007)
• 2011 Cairo accords (2011)
• Fatah–Hamas Doha Agreement (2012)
• May 2012 Cairo agreement
• 2014 Fatah–Hamas Gaza Agreement
• 2017 Fatah–Hamas Agreement

Iran nuclear talks

• P5+1, 2006 diplomatic efforts
• Iran nuclear deal framework
• Joint Plan of Action (2013)
• Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (2015)
• February 2019 Warsaw Conference

Iraq War peace proposals

• United Nations Security Council Resolution 1441
• Failed Iraqi peace initiatives
• Blair's tests for Iraq disarmament

Gulf War peace initiatives

• Geneva Peace Conference (1991)
• United Nations Security Council Resolution 687 – April 1991
• United Nations Security Council Resolution 1154 – 1998

Turkish–Kurdish conflict negotiations

• Turkey–PKK peace talks (1999–2004, unsuccessful)
• Solution process (2012–2015, failed)

Internal Lebanese reconciliation

• 17 May Agreement – during the Lebanese civil war
• Tripartite Accord (Lebanon) – 1985 agreement to end the Lebanese civil war
• Taif Agreement – Lebanese civil war peace accords
• Doha Agreement – 2008 Lebanese reconciliation agreement, following 2007–2008 crisis

Cyprus conflict pacification attempts

• Establishment of UN peace force in Cyprus (1964)
• UNSC resolution 355 (1974)
• Annan reunification plan for Cyprus
  • United Nations Security Council Resolution 1250 (1999)
  • Cypriot Annan Plan referendums, 2004
• 2008–2012 Cyprus talks
• 2014 Cyprus talks
• 2015–2017 Cyprus talks

Iraqi–Kurdish conflict peace negotiations

• Kurdish Civil War peace accords (finalized in 1997)
• 1975 Algiers Agreement
• Kurdish–Iraqi peace talks (1970–1974, unsuccessful)
• Recognition of Kurdish Government by Iraq

Arab–Israeli peace diplomacy and treaties

Arab League–Israel accords

• Balfour Declaration (1917)
• Peace proposals of Count Folke Bernadotte (1948)
• 1949 Armistice Agreements
• UN Security Council Resolution 242 (November 22, 1967)
• Jarring Mission (1967–1971)
• Allon Plan (July 26, 1967)
• Rogers Plan (1969)
• Camp David Accords (1978)
• Egypt–Israel peace treaty (1979)
• Fahd Plan (1981)
• Reagan peace plan (September 1, 1982)
• Fez Initiative (September 9, 1982)
• May 17 Agreement, a failed attempt of peace between Lebanon and Israel (1983)
• Israel–Jordan peace treaty (1994)
• Arab Peace Initiative (March 28, 2002)
• Abraham Accords (2020)
• Israel–Sudan normalization agreement (2020)

Israeli–Palestinian peace process

See main article: Israeli–Palestinian peace process.

See also: Corpus separatum (Jerusalem).

• Madrid Conference of 1991
• Oslo Accords (1993)
• Wye River Memorandum (October 23, 1998)
• Camp David 2000 Summit (2000)
• The Clinton Parameters (December 23, 2000)
• Taba summit (January, 2001)
• Arab Peace Initiative (March, 2002)
• Elon Peace Plan (also known as "The Israel Initiative") (2002)
• The People's Voice (July 27, 2002)
• Road Map for Peace (April 30, 2003)
• Geneva Accord (October 20, 2003)
• Sharm el-Sheikh Summit of 2005 (February 8, 2005)
• 2006 Franco-Italian-Spanish Middle East Peace Plan
• One-state solution
  • Isratine (May 8, 2003)
• Two-state solution
• Three-state solution
• Israeli Peace Initiative (April 6, 2011)
• John Kerry Parameters (December 28, 2016)
• Trump peace plan (January 28, 2020)

Turkish War of Independence peace treaties

• Treaty of Alexandropol 1920
• Cilicia Peace Treaty 1921
• Treaty of Moscow (1921)
• Treaty of Kars 1921
• Treaty of Ankara (1921)
• Conference of London 1921–22
• Treaty of Lausanne (1923)
• Armistice of Mudanya 1922

WWI and post-war accords

• Sykes–Picot Agreement 1916
• McMahon–Hussein Correspondence 1916
• Treaty of Sèvres 1920
• Paris Peace Conference, 1919
• Faisal–Weizmann Agreement (1919)

Saudi-related peace treaties

• Uqair Protocol of 1922

See also

• Strategic reset
• UN General Assembly Resolution 3379

External links

• U.S. Attempts at Peace in the Middle East from the Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives

Notes and References

1. Web site: Mideast peace starts with talking to Iran. Gary Sick, Special to. CNN.