Microvenular hemangioma explained

Synonyms:Microcapillary hemangioma[1]

Microvenular hemangioma is an acquired benign vascular tumor that presents as an asymptomatic, slowly growing, 0.5- to 2.0 cm reddish lesion on the forearms or other sites of young to middle-aged adults.[2] The cause of microvenular hemangioma is unknown, however it has been associated with immunosuppression.

Signs and symptoms

Microvenular hemangioma appears as slow-growing, frequently numerous lesions, erythematous, violaceous, or moderately pruriginous macules, papules, or nodules without any symptoms.[3] They usually appear on the forearm. There have also been reports of lesions on the soles of the feet, forehead, legs, and chest.[4]

Causes

Although the exact cause of microvenular hemangioma is uncertain, it has been found in certain instances during pregnancy or after changes in hormonal contraception.[5] In certain circumstances, imbalanced sex hormones could potentially be the cause.[6] Microvenular hemangioma has also been associated with immunosuppression.[7]

Diagnosis

Multiple distinct red globules are seen under a microscope, and a finely pigmented network is seen around the periphery.[8] Histologically, microvenular hemangioma is made up of venules with thin walls that branch erratically and have barely noticeable vascular lumina. The dermis's collagen bundles are thickened.[6] Pericytes envelop the endothelial cells,[9] which can exhibit a combination of plump and flat cells without pleomorphism or mitotic patterns.[10]

Immunohistochemically, an microvenular hemangioma's endothelial cells show positive staining for CD31, CD34, and factor VIII, while its pericytes show positive staining for SMA.[8] [11] However, neither cell shows positive staining for podoplanin.[12]

The differential diagnosis for microvenular hemangioma includes acquired (tufted) angioma, Kaposi sarcoma, Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma, and sclerosing hemangioma.[13]

Treatment

The treatment for microvenular hemangioma is surgical excision.[13]

See also

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: Rapini, Ronald P. . Bolognia, Jean L. . Jorizzo, Joseph L. . Dermatology: 2-Volume Set . Mosby . St. Louis . 2007 . 978-1-4160-2999-1 .
  2. Book: James, William. Berger, Timothy. Elston, Dirk. 2005. Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. limited. 10th. 596. Saunders. 978-0-7216-2921-6.
  3. Xu . Xiu-Lian . Xu . Cui-Rong . Chen . Hao . Cao . Yuan-Hua . Zeng . Xue-Si . Sun . Jian-Fang . Guo . Ying . Eruptive Microvenular Hemangiomas in 4 Chinese Patients: Clinicopathologic Correlation and Review of the Literature . The American Journal of Dermatopathology . 32 . 8 . 2010 . 0193-1091 . 10.1097/DAD.0b013e3181d74290 . 837–840. 20881833 .
  4. Giacaman . A. . del Pozo . L.J. . Bauzá . A. . Saus . C. . Microvenular Hemangioma: Morphological Study of 3 Cases . Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas (English Edition) . Elsevier BV . 109 . 4 . 2018 . 1578-2190 . 10.1016/j.adengl.2017.06.022 . 381–384. free .
  5. Bantel . E. . Grosshans . E. . Ortonne . J. P. . [Understanding microcapillary angioma, observations in pregnant patients and in females treated with hormonal contraceptives] . Zeitschrift für Hautkrankheiten . 64 . 12 . 1989-12-15 . 0301-0481 . 2534452 . 1071–1074.
  6. Ai . Dong Fang . Li . Yan . Jindal . Aikaj . Li . Ping . Multiple microvenular hemangioma: A case report . Oncology Letters . 7 . 1 . 2014 . 1792-1074 . 24348863 . 3861598 . 10.3892/ol.2013.1659 . 275–277.
  7. Tur-González . Raquel . González-de Arriba . Ana . Martín-López . María Rocío . Ramos-Nieto . María Luz . Hemangioma microvenular: lesión vascular benigna de patrón infiltrante. Presentación de 3 casos y revisión de la literatura . Revista Española de Patología . Elsevier BV . 48 . 4 . 2015 . 1699-8855 . 10.1016/j.patol.2015.07.004 . 203–207 . es.
  8. Scalvenzi . Massimiliano . De Natale . Flora . Francia . Maria Grazia . Balato . Anna . Dermoscopy of Microvenular Hemangioma: Report of a Case . Dermatology . S. Karger AG . 215 . 1 . 2007 . 1018-8665 . 10.1159/000102038 . 69–71. 17587844 .
  9. Aloi . Filippo . Tomasini . Carlo . Pippione . Mario . Microvenular Hemangioma . The American Journal of Dermatopathology . Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) . 15 . 6 . 1993 . 0193-1091 . 10.1097/00000372-199312000-00003 . 534–538.
  10. Fukunaga . Masaharu . Ushigome . Shinichiro . Microvenular hemangioma . Pathology International . Wiley . 48 . 3 . 1998 . 1320-5463 . 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1998.tb03899.x . 237–239.
  11. Stefanaki . Christina . Stefanaki . Kalliopi . Floros . Konstantinos . Rontogiani . Dimitra . Georgala . Sofia . Microvenular Hemangioma: A Rare Vascular Lesion . The Journal of Dermatology . Wiley . 32 . 5 . 2005 . 0385-2407 . 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2005.tb00915.x . 402–404. 16043906 .
  12. Fernandez-Flores . Angel . Lack of expression of podoplanin by microvenular hemangioma . Pathology - Research and Practice . Elsevier BV . 204 . 11 . 2008 . 0344-0338 . 10.1016/j.prp.2008.06.002 . 817–821. 18650031 .
  13. Book: Mocellin, Simone . Soft Tissue Tumors . Microvenular Hemangioma . Springer International Publishing . Cham . 2021 . 978-3-030-58709-3 . 10.1007/978-3-030-58710-9_173 . 553–554.

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