Treponema Explained

Treponema is a genus of spiral-shaped bacteria. The major treponeme species of human pathogens is Treponema pallidum, whose subspecies are responsible for diseases such as syphilis, bejel, and yaws. Treponema carateum is the cause of pinta.^[1] Treponema paraluiscuniculi is associated with syphilis in rabbits.^[2] Treponema succinifaciens has been found in the gut microbiome of traditional rural human populations.^[3] __TOC__

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)^[4] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).^[5]

Unassigned species:

• "Ca. Treponema caballi" Gilroy et al. 2022
• Treponema calligyrum Noguchi 1913
• Treponema carateum Brumpt 1939 (pinta-causing Treponema)
• "Ca. T. equi" Gilroy et al. 2022 non (Novy & Napp 1906) Noguchi 1928
• "Ca. T. equifaecale" Gilroy et al. 2022
• "Ca. Treponema faecavium" Gilroy et al. 2021
• "Ca. T. intracellulare" Ohkuma et al. 2015 corrig. Oren et al. 2020
• "T. legeri" (Duboscq & Lebailly 1912) Zuelzer 1925
• "T. macrodentium" Noguchi 1912
• "Ca. T. merdequi" Gilroy et al. 2022
• Treponema paraluisleporis Lumeij et al. 1994
• Treponema pertenue (Castellani 1905) Castellani & Chalmers 1910
• Treponema refringens (Schaudinn and Hofmann 1905) Castellani and Chalmers
• "Ca. T. scatequi" Gilroy et al. 2022
• "Treponema scoliodonta" (Hoffmann 1920) Noguchi 1928 ex Smibert 1984
• "Ca. Treponema suis" Molbak et al. 2006 non Kujumgiev & Spassova 1967
• "Ca. Treponema teratonymphae" Noda et al. 2018
• "T. trimerodonta" (Hoffmann 1920) Prévot 1940

The species Treponema hyodysenteriae and Treponema innocens have been reclassified into Serpulina hyodysenteriae and Serpulina innocens.^[12]

See also

• List of bacteria genera
• List of bacterial orders

Notes and References

1. Antal GM, Lukehart SA, Meheus AZ . The endemic treponematoses . Microbes Infect. . 4 . 1 . 83–94 . January 2002 . 11825779 . 10.1016/S1286-4579(01)01513-1.
2. Harper KN, Liu H, Ocampo PS, etal . The sequence of the acidic repeat protein (arp) gene differentiates venereal from nonvenereal Treponema pallidum subspecies, and the gene has evolved under strong positive selection in the subspecies that causes syphilis . FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. . 53 . 3 . 322–32 . August 2008 . 18554302 . 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2008.00427.x . free .
3. Angelakis E, Bachar D, Yasir M, Musso D, Djossou F, Gaborit B, Brah S, Diallo A, Ndombe GM, Mediannikov O, Robert C, Azhar EI, Bibi F, Nsana NS, Parra HJ, Akiana J, Sokhna C, Davoust B, Dutour A, Raoult D . 6 . Treponema species enrich the gut microbiota of traditional rural populations but are absent from urban individuals . New Microbes and New Infections . 27 . 14–21 . January 2019 . 30555706 . 6276622 . 10.1016/j.nmni.2018.10.009 .
4. Web site: J.P. Euzéby . Treponema . 2023-03-20 . List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN).
5. Web site: Sayers. Treponema . 2023-03-20 . National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database . etal.
6. Web site: The LTP . 20 November 2023.
7. Web site: LTP_all tree in newick format. 20 November 2023.
8. Web site: LTP_08_2023 Release Notes. 20 November 2023.
9. Web site: GTDB release 08-RS214 . Genome Taxonomy Database. 10 May 2023.
10. Web site: bac120_r214.sp_label . Genome Taxonomy Database. 10 May 2023.
11. Web site: Taxon History . Genome Taxonomy Database. 10 May 2023.
12. Stanton TB, Jensen NS, Casey TA, Tordoff LA, Dewhirst FE, Paster BJ . Reclassification of Treponema hyodysenteriae and Treponema innocens in a new genus, Serpula gen. nov., as Serpula hyodysenteriae comb. nov. and Serpula innocens comb. nov . Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. . 41 . 1 . 50–8 . January 1991 . 1704792 . 10.1099/00207713-41-1-50. free .