Microschemobrycon is a genus of characins, in the family Characidae, from South America, with seven currently described species.
It is a neotropical genus of ray-finned fishes distributed in the Amazon Basin to Mato Grosso, Brazil and Paraná Basin, Paraguay, to the Rio de la Plata. With such geographical spread, there is notable adaptation to different ecosystems, which has resulted in variations in size, color, eating habits, and types of water inhabited.
The genus consists of the following species: