| Michigan Line | |
| Image Alt: | A passenger train crossing a truss bridge over a river |
| Status: | Operating |
| Stations: | 10 |
| Routes: | Blue Water, Wolverine |
| Character: | Single track with passing sidings |
| Tracks: | 1 |
| Speed: | Up to |
| Map State: | collapsed |
The Michigan Line, sometimes known as the Chicago–Detroit Line, is a higher-speed rail corridor that runs between Porter, Indiana and Dearborn, Michigan. It carries Amtrak's Blue Water and Wolverine services, as well as the occasional freight train operated by Norfolk Southern.
Amtrak owns the 98miles section between Porter, Indiana, to Kalamazoo, Michigan, the longest stretch of Amtrak-owned rail outside of the Northeastern U.S. The state of Michigan, through the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) owns the 135miles section between Kalamazoo and Dearborn, which it purchased from Norfolk Southern in December 2012.[1] Norfolk Southern retains an exclusive trackage right for freight on the line.[2] A short stretch of track in Battle Creek, Michigan is owned by Canadian National Railway. The entire line was originally the mainline of the Michigan Central Railroad.
The entire corridor (including the portion owned by MDOT) is dispatched and maintained by Amtrak, which, is working to replace worn tracks and integrate the train signaling and communication systems.[3]
In 2002, the section from Porter to Kalamazoo became the first passenger rail line in the United States to have positive train control (PTC) technology installed,[4] specifically GE Transportation Systems' Incremental Train Control System (ITCS). In 2005, Amtrak received approval from the Federal Railroad Administration to run trains at up to 95mph.[5] Most Amtrak trains outside of the Northeast are limited to 79mph due to federal regulations. Regular service at 110mph began from Porter to Kalamazoo on February 15, 2012.[6] [7]
In November 2011, Michigan was awarded $150 million to buy Kalamazoo–Dearborn portion of the line from Norfolk Southern. Combined with a $196 million federal government grant announced the previous month to improve signaling and track quality, trains will be able to run at on 77% of the length of the Detroit–Chicago corridor.[8] Before the track purchase and improvement grants occurred, Norfolk Southern was planning to allow track degradation to happen and to eventually reduce the allowable speeds to for passenger trains and its eight daily round-trip freight trains after 2012.[9] On May 25, 2021, service at began between Kalamazoo and Albion.[10]
Despite the presence of the safety system on the Michigan Line, a derailment occurred just east of Niles, Michigan, on October 21, 2012, after a Wolverine train exited the main line and entered a freight yard due to a misaligned switch. The train had a green signal and was traveling at about 60mph when it hit the switch. The incident was investigated by the National Transportation Safety Board and was found to be an Amtrak contractor's fault, caused by one of its employees improperly applying jumper wires to the signal system, bypassing safeguards that had been designed to prevent such an occurrence.[11]