Michigan International Speedway Explained

Michigan International Speedway (formerly named as the Michigan Speedway from 1997 to 2000) is a 2miles D-shaped oval superspeedway in Brooklyn, Michigan. It has hosted various major auto racing series throughout its existence, including NASCAR, CART, and IndyCar races. The facility is currently owned by NASCAR, and is led by track president Joe Fowler. Michigan International Speedway is served by U.S. Route 12 and M-50.

The facility has a capacity of 56,000 as of 2021. Along with the main track, the track complex also features three road course layouts of varying lengths designed by British racing driver Stirling Moss, which utilizes parts of the oval, parts located within track's infield, and parts located outside of the track's confines.

In the 1960s, Windsor Raceway owner Lawrence LoPatin ordered the construction of Michigan International Speedway to expand his recreational holdings. The facility was completed in 1968, running its first races in October of the same year. Soon after, the track fell into financial trouble after a series of business decisions by LoPatin to expand his auto racing company, American Raceways, sunk the company into major amounts of debt. In 1973, American Raceways sold ownership of the speedway to motorsports businessman Roger Penske, who saved the facility from financial ruin. Under Penske's leadership, the facility was expanded extensively. In 1999, the facility was sold off to the France family-owned International Speedway Corporation (ISC). MIS underwent major downsizing in the 2010s in efforts to modernize the facility, with capacity decreasing to more than half of its peak. Track ownership again changed hands in 2019, when NASCAR merged with ISC.

Description

Configuration

The track in its current form is measured at 2miles, with 18 degrees of banking in the turns, 12 degrees of banking on the frontstretch, and five degrees of banking on the backstretch.[1] Numerous road track layouts exist within the track's infield and outside the track's confines. As part of the original construction plan, a road course designed by British racing driver Stirling Moss was made. The road course is split into three different layouts made to cater to different abilities of racers. Different layouts of 1.25miles, 2.25miles, and 3.5miles were reported by the Lansing State Journal.

Amenities

Michigan International Speedway is served by U.S. Route 12 and M-50,[2] and covers over 1,400 acres according to The Daily Telegram.[3] As of 2021, MIS has a capacity of 56,000 according to Autoweek.[4] At its peak, the track boasted a seating capacity of 137,243 in 2006 according to Autoweek. MIS contains three luxury seating options: the Acceleration Club in the track's fourth turn, the Champions Club located underneath the track's press box, and the Victory Lane Club near the track's pit road.[5]

Track history

Planning and construction

In March 1966, treasurer of the newly-built horse racing track Windsor Raceway, Lawrence LoPatin, expressed hopes of expanding the raceway into a "resort complex". After a visit to the Florida-based Sebring International Raceway, he decided that the first phase of expansion would include the construction of a "Grand Prix type auto-racing track, from 2.5 to 2.9 miles in length."[6] After studying several markets, he decided to build a racetrack that would serve the Detroit, Cleveland, and Chicago areas.[7] Four months later in July, LoPatin announced initial plans to build the Michigan Motor Raceway, a 400acres, 100,000-seat track on the intersection between Interstate 94 and U.S. Route 23 in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Although groundbreaking was scheduled to start on October 1,[8] the plan was killed that same month due to mounting opposition from local residents.[9] Another site approximately 4miles south of the original location was then considered.[10] In April 1967, the site was revealed to be in Lenawee County in Cambridge Township,[11] with LoPatin later stating in a press conference the following month that he hoped to start construction on the track in the next 90 days pending the formation of a financing plan for a budget of $4 million.[12] By September, local media reported that the now 700acres, $4.5 million facility was set to open sometime in 1968.[13] To finance the facility, track officials filed a registration statement in October to publicly offer common stocks and debentures that totaled approximately $3 million.[14] [15] Groundbreaking on the Michigan International Speedway (MIS) occurred on September 27, 1967, with British racing driver Stirling Moss commencing construction. Initial plans for the facility included a 2miles oval designed by Charles Moneypenny and an "extension" road course layout designed by Moss, with Moss stating that the road course was split into three layouts meant to accommodate different skill levels of racers;[16] [17] one at 1.25miles, one at 2.25miles, and one at 3.5miles.[18] An opening date for MIS was set for October 6, 1968, with a 250miles IndyCar-style race inaugurating the facility;[19] the date was later pushed back a week.[20] For MIS' first race, two grandstands seating 12,500 were constructed, putting seating capacity at 25,000.[21] In September, Gordon Johncock and Wally Dallenbach Sr. ran the first testing laps at the facility,[22] with Johncock setting a fastest lap of 182.92mph.[23]

Turbulent American Raceways years

MIS opened as scheduled on October 13, 1968, with Ronnie Bucknum winning the first ever race at the facility amidst a crowd of 55,108.[24] Although the race was seen as a success, the facility experienced major traffic problems, with traffic jams on the two-lane U.S. Route 12 being reported as long as 7miles.[25] [26] Three days after its inaugural race, NASCAR signed a 10-year contract to run two NASCAR Grand National Series races annually.[27] In the following months, LoPatin striked numerous business deals to grow what would eventually become American Raceways, Inc. (ARI). In December, LoPatin announced a merger with the Atlanta International Raceway (AIR).[28] [29] Within the first couple months of 1969, he announced the construction of the Texas International Speedway[30] [31] and the purchase of controlling interest of the Riverside International Raceway.[32] Later in the year, LoPatin stated his intents of building another facility in Burlington County, New Jersey.[33] LoPatin's business endeavors were seen as a response to the rising popularity of auto racing in the United States in the 1960s, with LoPatin being a key figure in said expansion.[34] The first NASCAR Cup Series race at MIS was ran on June 15, with Cale Yarborough winning the event.[35] In November, the track's first general manager, Frank Cipelle, was appointed.[36]

By the end of the 1969 racing season, although the racing at MIS was praised, weather problems during all four major races in the season affected attendance and in turn, the facility's profits.[37] American Raceways' troubles were soon publicized after their director of operations, Les Richter, left the company.[38] MIS lacked a United States Auto Club (USAC) event after 1968 due to MIS disagreeing with USAC for the amount of purse money needed for a USAC race, depriving fans of promised major IndyCar racing.[39] [40] In addition, LoPatin entered into a dispute with NASCAR founder Bill France Sr. over how stock car racing should expand its popularity.[41] In January 1970, ARI merged with the STP Corporation; by this point, ARI had amassed over $15 million in debt.[42] Weather and subsequent attendance declines that year further compounded ARI's financial issues.[43] Throughout the first half of 1970, LoPatin faced criticism for his handling of the Atlanta International Raceway,[44] [45] with AIR track officials leading campaigns to sack LoPatin after several executives either left or were fired by LoPatin.[46] [47]

Short-lived leadership of Les Richter

LoPatin was fired from his position as chairman of ARI on July 30, 1970, on the condition that the company continue its commitments to running the remaining events at ARI-owned tracks the following month.[48] Les Richter, who had left the company a few months earlier, was appointed as the new chairman of ARI.[49] Although MIS track officials stated optimistic hopes of revitalizing ARI by ending its mass expansion and cancelling the proposed New Jersey project,[50] in October, Manufacturers National Bank initiated foreclosure proceedings to pay off over $1 million in overdue mortgage payments, with local Michigan law stating that the speedway had to be sold at a sheriff's auction in order to pay off the overdue payments. Despite the law, MIS general manager Frank Cipelle stated that the chances of the auction ever happening were "very little".[51] After the auction was delayed twice,[52] [53] on January 10, 1971, the Associated Press reported that MIS' financial problems were resolved, with ARI selling its 48% interest of Riverside International Raceway worth $425,000 to avoid the auction.[54] [55] However, a year later, although Richter admitted that they were able to make a profit in the 1971 racing season, it was not enough to pay off the facility's debentures. As a result, MIS submitted a bankruptcy petition,[56] entering receivership. The ousted LoPatin was asked by Richter to create a financing plan to save the track from liquidation in March;[57] however, all plans fell through, and the track was ordered to be sold at a sheriff's auction in December.[58] [59]

Roger Penske era

Early Penske years

Initially, an offer was made by the Manufacturers National Bank of Detroit for $1.458 million was made in December, with oil businessman Pat Patrick and car dealership owner James S. Gilmore Jr. taking over the facility if the purchase went through.[60] By March 1973, Patrick along with two other businessmen agreed to buy out the facility for $2.5 million, with the sale effective on June 14.[61] [62] However, on May 26, motorsports businessman Roger Penske announced that he had taken over the option to purchase the facility from Patrick, with Penske stating that the announcement of Patrick buying the facility "was a bit premature."[63] Penske's purchase was approved by judge David Patton on June 1, with Penske paying $2.7 million for the facility.[64]

Upon the purchase's approval, Penske stated in a press conference that he aimed to renovate the garage area and numerous spectator amenities along with repaving the oval's surface. He also cautioned that the track's schedule may be cut down depending on how races in June and July of that year did.[65] [66] General manager Frank Cipelle left his position soon after Penske's purchase, being replaced by John LeFere.[67] Official attendance estimates of the next two races reached 88,500, being seen as a success in local Michigan media.[68] As a result, Penske approved the running of a doubleheader IndyCar race, revitalizing the track.[69] By the next year, Penske proclaimed in the Detroit Free Press that MIS had the "greatest potential of any track in the U.S.", with Penske stating in an interview with the Free Press' Joe Falls that he aimed to expand seating capacity if attendance remained high.[70] Penske later stated that year that he hoped to eventually expand the facility to seat more than 100,000.[71]

Renovations and incidents under Penske's early leadership remained slow. Initially, Penske sought to construct a roval-style road course contained within the infield of MIS to replace the original road course layout, but the plans were postponed due to a contractor's strike.[72] In 1977, a resurfacing of MIS' track surface was announced in August[73] and completed approximately two months later.[74] In the early 1980s, MIS added seating capacity a total of three times, adding in 1981,[75] 1982,[76] and 1985.[77] In 1986, MIS underwent another resurfacing that was completed in time for the 1986 Miller American 400.[78] [79] That same year, MIS oversaw its first driver fatality when NASCAR driver Rick Baldwin crashed during a qualifying session on June 16, dying 11 years later in a coma due to complications from the crash.[80] [81] The following year, track officials planned to add a dog-leg chicane on the track's backstretch to slow down speeds for IndyCar races;[82] however, the idea was scrapped after testing.[83] In 1988, MIS expanded grandstand seating capacity to "over 40,000."[84] In 1992, Clifford Allison became the second fatality to occur at the facility when he crashed during a practice session for a NASCAR Busch Series race.[85]

Numerous leadership changes occurred until the mid-1980s. In 1978, LeFere resigned from his position as general manager, being replaced by Citibank executive Jim Melvin.[86] Melvin left soon after to become the president of Championship Auto Racing Teams (CART), being replaced by United Airlines executive Rick Nadeau in November 1979.[87] Nadeau left track leadership three years later to become a sports marketer for a printing company, with Darwin Doll replacing Nadeau.[88] Doll held the position until 1986, when he was replaced by Gene Haskett when Doll left to serve as the general manager of Sears Point International Raceway.[89] [90]

Mass expansion in twilight Penske years, CART incident

In the 1990s, MIS underwent mass expansion to accommodate a growth of popularity in NASCAR. In 1990, Haskett announced further renovations to the facility, including the addition of 5,779 seats, additional bathrooms, and a new backstretch concrete wall.[91] Two years later, 11,700 seats were added to increase the seating capacity to "about 70,000" along with a new 96feet tall scoreboard.[92] By 1993, with the addition of 6,700 seats, track attendance for races began to rival the Michigan state record for attendance at a sporting event.[93] Amidst criticism of the track surface for being too bumpy,[94] the track surface was repaved in the winter of 1995.[95] Additional seats were added in 1994,[96] 1996,[97] 1997,[98] and 1999, increasing the grandstand seating capacity to over 125,000.[99] In 1996, MIS renamed itself to Michigan Speedway in order to be named similar to other tracks Penske owned.[100] On July 26, 1998, three fans were killed and a further six were injured during a Championship Auto Racing Teams (CART) event when a crash involving Adrián Fernández sent a tire into the grandstands.[101] In response to the incident, the protective catchfence around the track was increased by four feet.[102]

International Speedway Corporation and NASCAR eras

Purchase by ISC, renovations

In May 1999, Penske, who by this point owned numerous tracks under the Penske Motorsports Inc. name, including Michigan Speedway, agreed to merge the company with the France family-owned International Speedway Corporation,[103] officially merging approximately two months later.[104] The following year, the speedway reverted back to its original Michigan International Speedway name, revealing a new logo in the process.[105] At the end of 2000, Haskett retired after 14 years of service, being replaced by W. Brett Shelton as general manager.[106] In 2004, the track's walls were replaced with SAFER barriers in response as part of an effort to make the track safer in the wake of the death of Dale Earnhardt.[107] That same year, Shelton announced the construction and renovation of numerous amenities, including the construction of a "multi-level sky lounge" built behind the frontstretch grandstands.[108] [109] In 2006, Shelton retired from his position, giving the position up to Roger Curtis, California Speedway's vice president of marketing and sales.[110] Renovations to the first turn grandstands were announced in 2008.[111] The following year, track officials announced the demolition of the track's old media center, replacing it with a two-story, solar-powered media center.[112] In 2011, further renovations were announced to the facility's tram system and the track's scoreboard.[113] The following year, the track was repaved for the fourth time in its history.[114]

Capacity decline, change to NASCAR ownership

In the 2010s, MIS underwent a mass capacity decrease. In 2010, track officials announced the removal of 12,000 seats in the track's third turn in an effort to modernize the track.[115] In 2012, MIS track officials also announced the construction of a luxury campsite complex, in the process tearing down grandstands in the track's third and fourth turns.[116] By 2014, after another set of grandstands in the track's third turn were torn down,[117] capacity was recorded to be as low as 71,000.[118] In 2016, Curtis resigned from his position,[119] being replaced by minor league baseball executive Rick Brenner.[120] In 2018, seating capacity went down further to 56,000 to build a new campground area.[121] [122] In 2019, the ownership of MIS switched hands to NASCAR when ISC and NASCAR merged in a $2 billion buyout.[123] That same year, a new care center was built in the track's infield.[124] In October 2021, NASCAR's director of marketing for the American Midwest, Joe Fowler, replaced a resigning Rick Brenner to become the track's general manager.[125]

Events

Racing

NASCAR

See also: NASCAR Cup Series at Michigan International Speedway and Cabo Wabo 250. As of 2024, MIS runs one annual NASCAR Cup Series race a year: the Firekeepers Casino 400, held in August. For most of its existence, it ran two annual Cup Series events a year: one in June, and one in August. Both events held their inaugural events in 1969.[126] [127] With the exception of 1973 when the August race was cancelled due to scheduling conflicts,[128] the tradition continued until 2021, when NASCAR removed the June race from their annual schedule.[129] Along with its Cup Series races, lower-tier NASCAR Xfinity Series and NASCAR Truck Series races have also been held.[130]

Open-wheel racing

See also: Michigan 500 and 1996 U.S. 500. Until the early 2000s, open-wheel racing was commonplace at the facility. Major open-wheel races at MIS were primarily sanctioned by three organizations: the United States Auto Club (USAC), Championship Auto Racing Teams (CART), and the Indy Racing League (IRL). USAC held its first event at the speedway in October 1968; the speedway's inaugural event. After failing to renew the following year, USAC was able to return to the facility in 1970.[131] Starting in 1973, USAC sanctioned a second event at the track that took place in the fall.[132] USAC continued to race at MIS until 1978, when CART took over both dates.[133]

The track's summer date was extended to a 500miles race in 1981.[134] The race was sanctioned by CART until 2002, when the IRL officially took over the sanctioning rights for the race.[135] With the IRL taking over, the race distance was decreased to 400miles.[136] IRL raced annually at the track until 2007, when the IRL failed to renew a deal to keep racing at the facility; the IRL remains the last open-wheel series to have raced at the facility.[137]

The latter fall date ran until 1986, when the date was dropped from CART's schedule in efforts to eliminate instances of CART racing at a venue twice per year.[138] In the midst of the CART–IRL split in the mid-1990s, CART organized a second event in 1996 that was made to rival the Indianapolis 500: the U.S. 500, which ran on the same day as the Indianapolis 500.[139] However, after one iteration of the event, the race was scrapped.[140]

Other racing events

Other events

Lap records

As of June 2019, the fastest official race lap records at Michigan International Speedway are listed as:

CategoryTimeDriverVehicleEvent
D-shaped Oval: 3.219 km (1968–present)[151]
0:30.767[152] 1996 Marlboro 500
0:32.2730[153] 2003 Firestone Indy 400
0:36.093[154] 2018 FireKeepers Casino 400
0:37.3349[155] 2004 Paramount Health Insurance 100
0:38.290[156]
0:38.666[157] 2018 Corrigan Oil 200
Infield Road Course: 3.058 km (1968–present)
1:06.060[158]
1:12.210
1:13.960[159] 1984 Michigan 500k
Extended Road Course: 5.327 km (1968–1994)
1:36.100[160] 1969 Michigan International Can-Am
1:50.300[161] 1971 Michigan Trans-Am round

Notes and References

  1. Web site: August 12, 2018 . Michigan International Speedway . August 2, 2024 . . en.
  2. Web site: DesOrmeau . Taylor . June 20, 2018 . 'Large roundabout' coming to U.S. 12, M-50 for Faster Horses Festival . August 26, 2024 . . en.
  3. Web site: Heineman . Brad . May 8, 2024 . USA TODAY readers poll ranks Michigan International Speedway among best NASCAR tracks . live . August 30, 2024 . . en-US . August 31, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240831043928/https://www.lenconnect.com/story/sports/nascar/2024/05/08/michigan-international-speedway-ranked-among-best-nascar-tracks/73612267007/ .
  4. Web site: Pryson . Mike . October 27, 2021 . Michigan International Speedway's New President Excited About Track's Future . August 25, 2024 . Autoweek.
  5. Web site: DesOrmeau . Taylor . March 25, 2022 . Changes coming for luxury ticket option at Michigan International Speedway . live . August 31, 2024 . . en . August 31, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240831193629/https://www.mlive.com/news/jackson/2022/03/changes-coming-for-luxury-ticket-option-at-michigan-international-speedway.html .
  6. News: Simpson . Roger A. . March 27, 1966 . Windsor Raceway Hikes Profit, May Add Auto-Racing Facility . live . August 2, 2024 . . 11B, 13B . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903023538/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-windsor-raceway-hikes/152495373/ .
  7. News: Paladino . Larry . June 22, 1969 . Modern Horatio Alger Story Yields Builder Of Speedways . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903023539/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times-herald-modern-horatio-alger-st/153644137/ . September 3, 2024 . August 24, 2024 . . 3C . . .
  8. News: July 9, 1966 . New Track In Works . live . August 2, 2024 . . 24 . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903023539/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-new-track-in-works/152495390/ .
  9. News: July 16, 1966 . Neighbors' Yells Kill Track Plans . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903023640/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-neighbors-yells-kill/153476950/ . September 3, 2024 . August 17, 2024 . . 3C . .
  10. News: July 19, 1966 . Stock Car Track Promoters Look At New Site . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903023700/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times-herald-stock-car-track-promote/153476989/ . September 3, 2024 . August 17, 2024 . . 2B . . .
  11. News: Latshaw . Bob . April 19, 1967 . Auto Tracks Popping Up . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903023540/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-auto-tracks-popping-u/153477439/ . September 3, 2024 . August 17, 2024 . . 7D . .
  12. News: May 4, 1967 . State Speedway Planned . live . August 17, 2024 . . G4 . . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903023647/https://www.newspapers.com/article/lansing-state-journal-state-speedway-pla/153478620/ .
  13. News: Juntunen . Arthur . September 14, 1967 . New Speedway to Be Race Photogs' Dream . live . August 17, 2024 . . 10C . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903024053/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-new-speedway-to-be-ra/153478777/ .
  14. News: October 29, 1967 . New Track Registers Stock Plan . live . August 18, 2024 . . 13B . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903024203/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-new-track-registers-s/153513764/ .
  15. News: Pope . Leroy . August 11, 1968 . Michigan Track Boost to Racing . live . August 18, 2024 . . D4 . . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903024054/https://www.newspapers.com/article/battle-creek-enquirer-michigan-track-boo/153513148/ .
  16. News: September 27, 1967 . Speedway Breaks Ground . live . August 17, 2024 . . 34 . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903024208/https://www.newspapers.com/article/livingston-county-daily-press-and-argus/153492765/ .
  17. News: September 28, 1967 . Break Ground For New Track With Dynamite . live . August 17, 2024 . . 5B . . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903024057/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times-herald-break-ground-for-new-tr/153492801/ .
  18. News: Matthew . Dave . July 14, 1968 . Racing to Go 'Big Time' in Michigan . live . August 18, 2024 . . E1, E4 . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903024212/https://www.newspapers.com/article/lansing-state-journal-racing-to-go-big/153513130/ .
  19. News: February 23, 1968 . Auto Speedway Opens Oct. 6 . live . August 18, 2024 . . C1 . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903024059/https://www.newspapers.com/article/lansing-state-journal-auto-speedway-open/153513084/ .
  20. News: Matthews . Dave . July 4, 1968 . First Race Set Back . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903024059/https://www.newspapers.com/article/lansing-state-journal-first-race-set-bac/154005160/ . September 3, 2024 . August 25, 2024 . . E3, E4 . .
  21. News: Latshaw . Bob . August 17, 1968 . Speedway to Be 'Faster Than Indy' . August 18, 2024 . . 2B . Newspapers.com.
  22. News: Latshaw . Bob . September 21, 1968 . More Practice Time Urged For New Track's 1st Race . August 18, 2024 . . 4B . Newspapers.com.
  23. News: Kaufman . Stan . October 6, 1968 . Big-Time Motorsport Hits Michigan . August 18, 2024 . . A6 . Newspapers.com.
  24. News: Latshaw . Bob . October 14, 1968 . 55,108 See Bucknum Win At Speedway . August 18, 2024 . . 1D, 6D . Newspapers.com.
  25. News: October 14, 1968 . No Speedway Going Home . August 18, 2024 . . A1 . Newspapers.com.
  26. News: Matthews . Dave . October 20, 1968 . Torturous Traffic Clouds MIS Success . live . August 18, 2024 . . E7 . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903025641/https://www.newspapers.com/article/lansing-state-journal-torturous-traffic/153514247/ .
  27. News: Latshaw . Bob . October 17, 1968 . Speedway Has NASCAR Pact . live . August 18, 2024 . . 1F, 2F . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903025642/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-speedway-has-nascar-p/153514255/ .
  28. News: Latshaw . Bob . December 20, 1968 . Speedways to Merge . live . August 18, 2024 . . 3D . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903025715/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-speedways-to-merge/153541470/ .
  29. News: Zier . Pat . December 20, 1968 . AIR Merges With Track In Michigan . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240408031226/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-constitution-air-merges-with/144948388/ . April 8, 2024 . April 7, 2024 . . 68, 71 . Newspapers.com.
  30. News: Truly . Pat . January 26, 1969 . Even McElreath Has Race Track . live . August 19, 2024 . . 7B . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903025747/https://www.newspapers.com/article/fort-worth-star-telegram-even-mcelreath/153643493/ .
  31. News: January 29, 1969 . Michigan Speedway To Be Copied . live . August 19, 2024 . . 3D . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903025645/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-michigan-speedway-to/153643605/ .
  32. News: Latshaw . Bob . February 8, 1969 . LoPatin New Racing Ruler . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903025646/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-lopatin-new-racing-ru/153913433/ . September 3, 2024 . August 24, 2024 . . 1B, 2B . .
  33. News: July 24, 1969 . LoPatin Planning New Jersey Track . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903025646/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-lopatin-planning-new/153977622/ . September 3, 2024 . August 25, 2024 . . 3D . .
  34. News: Britt . Bloys . May 24, 1969 . MIS holds key to investment in expanding auto racing . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903025723/https://www.newspapers.com/article/battle-creek-enquirer-mis-holds-key-to-i/153644083/ . September 3, 2024 . August 24, 2024 . . B2 . . .
  35. News: Latshaw . Bob . June 16, 1969 . Crash! Yarborough Wins . August 24, 2024 . . 1D, 6D . Newspapers.com.
  36. News: Latshaw . Bob . August 13, 1970 . NASCAR's Caburetion Reduction Irks Chrysler . live . August 28, 2024 . . 1D, 4D . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903030224/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-nascars-caburetion-r/154169400/ .
  37. News: Latshaw . Bob . September 30, 1969 . It's 'Wait'll Next Year' for MIS Track . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903030305/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-its-waitll-next-ye/153701328/ . September 3, 2024 . August 24, 2024 . . 3D . .
  38. News: October 22, 1969 . France Proposes Pension . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240408053920/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-journal-france-proposes-pens/144974265/ . April 8, 2024 . April 7, 2024 . . 2D . Newspapers.com.
  39. News: Latshaw . Bob . February 15, 1969 . Why No Indy-Type Races Here? Money! . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903030206/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-why-no-indy-type-race/154005530/ . September 3, 2024 . August 25, 2024 . . 3B . .
  40. News: Matthews . Dave . January 18, 1970 . Race Group's Run May Be Short Lived . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903030315/https://www.newspapers.com/article/lansing-state-journal-race-groups-run-m/154004125/ . September 3, 2024 . August 25, 2024 . . D5 . .
  41. News: Hudspeth . Ron . January 23, 1970 . Granatelli to Become Part Owner of AIR . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240408053921/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-journal-granatelli-to-become/144974665/ . April 8, 2024 . April 7, 2024 . . 1C, 5C . Newspapers.com.
  42. News: Matthews . Dave . January 25, 1970 . Granatelli Buys Major Racing Plant . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903030206/https://www.newspapers.com/article/lansing-state-journal-granatelli-buys-ma/154008848/ . September 3, 2024 . August 25, 2024 . . D3 . .
  43. News: Martin . Gerald . June 14, 1970 . The 5th Turn . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903030237/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-observer-the-5th-turn/154009096/ . September 3, 2024 . August 25, 2024 . . 5–II . .
  44. News: Zier . Pat . June 23, 1970 . LoPatin --- No Rain --- AIR's 'Hex' . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240408053925/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-constitution-lopatin-no/144974986/ . April 8, 2024 . April 7, 2024 . . 5C . Newspapers.com.
  45. News: Bisher . Furman . August 5, 1970 . Now Playing First Chair . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240408053919/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-journal-now-playing-first-ch/144984920/ . April 8, 2024 . April 7, 2024 . . 1D . Newspapers.com.
  46. News: Zier . Pat . June 26, 1970 . Lopatin Ouster Is AIR Goal? . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240408053925/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-constitution-lopatin-ouster/144975027/ . April 8, 2024 . April 7, 2024 . . 2D . Newspapers.com.
  47. News: Hudspeth . Ron . June 29, 1970 . AIR Fights LoPatin . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240408053917/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-journal-air-fights-lopatin/144975083/ . April 8, 2024 . April 7, 2024 . . 1D, 5D . Newspapers.com.
  48. News: Latshaw . Bob . July 31, 1970 . LoPatin Fired as Boss at MIS . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903030208/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-lopatin-fired-as-boss/154010029/ . September 3, 2024 . August 25, 2024 . . 1D, 5D . .
  49. News: Moore . Bob . June 26, 1970 . Richter Gets Presidency Of Raceways . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903030209/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-charlotte-observer-richter-gets-pres/154010720/ . September 3, 2024 . August 25, 2024 . . 6D . .
  50. News: Matthews . Dave . August 13, 1970 . MIS Future Considered Bright By New Officials . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903030209/https://www.newspapers.com/article/lansing-state-journal-mis-future-conside/154011147/ . September 3, 2024 . August 25, 2024 . . F1 . .
  51. News: Latshaw . Bob . October 23, 1970 . Million-Dollar Crisis at MIS . August 25, 2024 . . 1D, 6D . Newspapers.com.
  52. News: December 22, 1970 . MIS Sale Delayed One Week . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903030724/https://www.newspapers.com/article/lansing-state-journal-mis-sale-delayed-o/154010996/ . September 3, 2024 . August 25, 2024 . . D3 . . .
  53. News: January 3, 1971 . MIS sheriff's auction off again . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903030725/https://www.newspapers.com/article/battle-creek-enquirer-mis-sheriffs-auct/154012399/ . September 3, 2024 . August 25, 2024 . . 4 . .
  54. News: January 10, 1971 . MIS solves finances, paper reports . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903030725/https://www.newspapers.com/article/battle-creek-enquirer-mis-solves-finance/154012607/ . September 3, 2024 . August 25, 2024 . . D4 . . .
  55. News: January 10, 1971 . ARI Confirms Stock Sale . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903030741/https://www.newspapers.com/article/lansing-state-journal-ari-confirms-stock/154012561/ . September 3, 2024 . August 25, 2024 . . D6 . . .
  56. News: January 18, 1972 . MIS Operators File Petition to Reorganize . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903030905/https://www.newspapers.com/article/lansing-state-journal-mis-operators-file/154013126/ . September 3, 2024 . August 25, 2024 . . D8 . . .
  57. News: Latshaw . Bob . March 8, 1972 . New $ Worries For MIS . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903030727/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-new-worries-for-mis/154013137/ . September 3, 2024 . August 25, 2024 . . 1D, 2D . .
  58. News: September 6, 1972 . Troubled MIS Heads For Auction Block . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903030728/https://www.newspapers.com/article/lansing-state-journal-troubled-mis-heads/154013189/ . September 3, 2024 . August 25, 2024 . . C4 . . .
  59. News: December 14, 1972 . Speedway Goes On the Auction Block Today . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903030729/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-speedway-goes-on-the/154013655/ . September 3, 2024 . August 25, 2024 . . 5Db . .
  60. News: December 17, 1972 . Gilmore, Patrick bid to run MIS . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903031321/https://www.newspapers.com/article/battle-creek-enquirer-gilmore-patrick-b/154013749/ . September 3, 2024 . August 25, 2024 . . C1 . .
  61. News: March 21, 1973 . MIS Speedway has three new owners . live . August 25, 2024 . . C4 . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903031236/https://www.newspapers.com/article/battle-creek-enquirer-mis-speedway-has-t/154014416/ .
  62. News: March 26, 1973 . Jackson Man Set to Buy Speedway . live . August 25, 2024 . . C3 . . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903031236/https://www.newspapers.com/article/lansing-state-journal-jackson-man-set-to/154014294/ .
  63. News: Latshaw . Bob . May 26, 1973 . Penske Set As New Owner Of MIS . live . August 25, 2024 . . 1D, 5D . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903031410/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-penske-set-as-new-own/154014536/ .
  64. News: Latshaw . Bob . June 2, 1973 . $2.7 Milion Deal Is OK'd – Penske New MIS Dealer . live . August 25, 2024 . . 1D . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903031238/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-27-milion-deal-is-o/154014695/ .
  65. News: Matthews . Dave . June 8, 1973 . Penske Has High Hopes for MIS Speedway . live . August 25, 2024 . . C1, C2 . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903031332/https://www.newspapers.com/article/lansing-state-journal-penske-has-high-ho/154016558/ .
  66. News: Vincent . Charlie . June 8, 1973 . MIS May Trim Race Schedule . live . August 25, 2024 . . 3D . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903031239/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-mis-may-trim-race-sch/154016993/ .
  67. News: August 4, 1973 . MIS Names A New VP . live . August 26, 2024 . . 5C . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903031240/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-mis-names-a-new-vp/154039451/ .
  68. News: Matthews . Dave . July 17, 1973 . Penske Doing Things Right? . live . August 26, 2024 . . C1, C2 . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903031745/https://www.newspapers.com/article/lansing-state-journal-penske-doing-thing/154017954/ .
  69. News: Matthews . Dave . September 9, 1973 . Indy Cars Featured In MIS Twin Bill . live . August 28, 2024 . . C8 . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903031758/https://www.newspapers.com/article/lansing-state-journal-indy-cars-featured/154040140/ .
  70. News: Falls . Joe . June 16, 1974 . MIS: 'Greatest Potential of Any Track in U.S.' . live . August 28, 2024 . . 6E . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903031916/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-mis-greatest-potent/154170366/ .
  71. News: Trajnowski . Dick . September 12, 1974 . Racing with Roger . live . August 28, 2024 . . 11 . . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903031748/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-muskegon-chronicle-racing-with-roger/154170937/ .
  72. News: January 15, 1974 . MIS Schedules 4 Major Auto Races . live . August 28, 2024 . . C5 . . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903031830/https://www.newspapers.com/article/lansing-state-journal-mis-schedules-4-ma/154040527/ .
  73. News: Matthews . Dave . August 27, 1977 . MIS to undergo track resurfacing . live . August 28, 2024 . . C2 . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903031749/https://www.newspapers.com/article/lansing-state-journal-mis-to-undergo-tra/154040264/ .
  74. News: Matthews . Dave . October 26, 1977 . New surface at MIS means faster times . live . August 28, 2024 . . D4 . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903031749/https://www.newspapers.com/article/lansing-state-journal-new-surface-at-mis/154040291/ .
  75. News: November 9, 1982 . MSI manager is not happy with first year's performance . live . August 30, 2024 . . 5 . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903031920/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-muskegon-chronicle-msi-manager-is-no/154315559/ .
  76. News: April 8, 1982 . MIS adding seats, suites for summer . August 30, 2024 . . 2F . Newspapers.com.
  77. News: May 30, 1985 . Big money talks loudly in racing . live . August 30, 2024 . . C1, C3 . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903032303/https://www.newspapers.com/article/battle-creek-enquirer-big-money-talks-lo/154300668/ .
  78. News: Morse . Steve . March 27, 1986 . Rahal forecasts sizzling speeds in 1986 CART season . live . August 29, 2024 . . 2C . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903032327/https://www.newspapers.com/article/battle-creek-enquirer-rahal-forecasts-si/154236182/ .
  79. News: Vincent . Charlie . June 14, 1986 . Speedway speedier for NASCAR drivers . live . August 29, 2024 . . 2D . . January 14, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240114073207/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-speedway-speedier-for/138694528/ .
  80. News: Vincent . Charlie . June 15, 1986 . An instant on the MIS track takes charge of the driver's life . January 13, 2024 . . 12C . . January 14, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240114072252/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-an-instant-on-the-mis/138694110/ . live .
  81. News: June 14, 1997 . CC racer Baldwin dies at 42 . January 13, 2024 . . C6 . . January 14, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240114072300/https://www.newspapers.com/article/corpus-christi-caller-times-cc-racer-bal/138694218/ . live .
  82. News: Griffis . Richard . June 18, 1987 . MIS mulls change for Indy cars . live . August 30, 2024 . . 3C . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903032305/https://www.newspapers.com/article/battle-creek-enquirer-mis-mulls-change-f/154314807/ .
  83. News: Brown . Clifton . July 6, 1987 . Kalamazoo track offers what Daytona can't . live . August 30, 2024 . . 3D . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903032419/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-kalamazoo-track-offer/154314834/ .
  84. News: Griffis . Richard . April 21, 1988 . Renovation revives area tracks . live . August 30, 2024 . . 4C . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903032328/https://www.newspapers.com/article/battle-creek-enquirer-renovation-revives/154235649/ .
  85. News: Crowe . Steve . August 14, 1992 . A death in the family . live . August 30, 2024 . . 1C, 5C . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903032313/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-a-death-in-the-family/154319442/ .
  86. News: Vincent . Charlie . April 29, 1978 . Shuffle means new GM for MIS . August 28, 2024 . . 1C, 4C . Newspapers.com.
  87. News: November 8, 1979 . Nadeau takes wheel of Michigan Speedway . live . August 29, 2024 . . 2F . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903032312/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-nadeau-takes-wheel-of/154213522/ .
  88. News: June 4, 1982 . MIS Selects Doll As VP . live . August 30, 2024 . . 7 . . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903032423/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-herald-palladium-mis-selects-doll-as/154239072/ .
  89. News: December 2, 1986 . Haskett named vice-president of MIS . August 30, 2024 . . 2C . Newspapers.com.
  90. News: Taylor . Rick . December 4, 1986 . Mallory named Big Ten coach of year . August 30, 2024 . . 2D . Newspapers.com.
  91. News: Casteele . Dennis . June 1, 1990 . MIS warms up its engines . August 30, 2024 . . 5C . Newspapers.com.
  92. News: Smith . Leanne . June 28, 1992 . Speedway zooms from checkered past to checkered flag . August 30, 2024 . . 1D, 6D . Newspapers.com.
  93. News: Crowe . Steve . June 17, 1993 . Nice day could set state record . August 30, 2024 . . 8F . Newspapers.com.
  94. News: Pryson . Mike . July 31, 1983 . Mansell quick on track, critical of MIS conditions . August 30, 2024 . . 3B . Newspapers.com.
  95. News: Harris . Mike . July 28, 1995 . Faster, smoother MIS track could be more dangerous . live . August 30, 2024 . . 13 . . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903032911/https://www.newspapers.com/article/petoskey-news-review-faster-smoother-mi/154321959/ .
  96. News: Crowe . Steve . June 20, 1994 . Owner Haas takes stock in first NASCAR experience at MIS . live . August 30, 2024 . . 8C . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903032911/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-owner-haas-takes-stoc/154331694/ .
  97. News: Cotsonika . Nicholas J. . Crowe . Steve . June 24, 1996 . Return to MIS anxious event for Kim Irvan . live . August 30, 2024 . . 3C . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903032912/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-return-to-mis-anxious/154331947/ .
  98. News: Opfermann . Mark . March 23, 1997 . Racing popularity fast and furious . live . August 30, 2024 . . 1B, 6B . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903033038/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-muskegon-chronicle-racing-popularity/154332145/ .
  99. News: April 6, 1999 . Michigan Speedway to add 13,000 seats . live . August 30, 2024 . . B2 . . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903032914/https://www.newspapers.com/article/petoskey-news-review-michigan-speedway-t/154332411/ .
  100. News: Crowe . Steve . October 31, 1996 . Hamilton's first victory was overdue . live . August 30, 2024 . . 7C . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903032933/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-hamiltons-first-vict/154341356/ .
  101. News: Crowe . Steve . July 27, 1998 . Race car's wheel kills 3 in stands . live . August 30, 2024 . . 1A, 3A . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903032915/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-race-cars-wheel-kill/154331179/ .
  102. News: Chengelis . Angelique S. . August 2, 1998 . Michigan Speedway to add safety measures . live . August 30, 2024 . . 1D, 11D . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903032916/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-michigan-speedway-to/154334110/ .
  103. News: Crowe . Steve . May 11, 1999 . France, Penske groups proceed with merger . live . August 30, 2024 . . 1C, 5C . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903033922/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-france-penske-groups/154340484/ .
  104. News: Pryson . Mike . July 22, 1999 . Slow change expected in track merger . live . August 30, 2024 . . 1C, 3C . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903033937/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-muskegon-chronicle-slow-change-expec/154340811/ .
  105. News: Chengelis . Angelique S. . August 20, 2000 . Speedway gets new logo, name . live . August 30, 2024 . . 8D . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903033924/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-speedway-gets-new-log/154341526/ .
  106. News: Crowe . Steve . December 15, 2000 . MIS taps Talladega's Shelton as new chief . live . August 30, 2024 . . 2C . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903033925/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-mis-taps-talladegas/154341468/ .
  107. News: Brudenell . Mike . June 16, 2004 . SAFER wall set if drivers err in DHL 400 . live . August 30, 2024 . . 1E, 3E . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903034053/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-safer-wall-set-if-dri/154342243/ .
  108. News: Brudenell . Mike . December 14, 2004 . MIS to get vroom with luxury view . live . August 30, 2024 . . 4D . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903033928/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-mis-to-get-vroom-with/154342354/ .
  109. News: Brudenell . Mike . December 15, 2004 . Facelift to give MIS 'front door' . live . August 30, 2024 . . 2E . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903033929/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-facelift-to-give-mis/154342369/ .
  110. News: Brudenell . Mike . May 16, 2006 . MIS president going home . live . August 30, 2024 . . 2D . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903034046/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-mis-president-going-h/154343128/ .
  111. News: October 22, 2008 . Project progressing . live . August 30, 2024 . . 10 . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903034613/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-niles-daily-star-project-progressing/154343428/ .
  112. News: Brudendell . Mike . August 18, 2009 . Upgrades On Track . live . August 30, 2024 . . 4B . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903034434/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-upgrades-on-track/154343437/ .
  113. News: Pryson . Mike . June 14, 2011 . MIS getting upgrades . live . August 30, 2024 . . B2 . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903034435/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-muskegon-chronicle-mis-getting-upgra/154339296/ .
  114. News: Brudenell . Mike . April 4, 2012 . Keselowski gets to break in MIS track . live . August 30, 2024 . . 4B . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903034436/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-keselowski-gets-to-br/154339362/ .
  115. Web site: Kaminski . Steve . November 24, 2010 . Fewer seats among changes planned for 2011 at Michigan International Speedway . live . August 30, 2024 . . en . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903034437/https://www.mlive.com/autoracing/2010/11/fewer_seats_among_changes_plan.html .
  116. News: Duff . Bob . November 10, 2011 . MIS to offer luxury campsites for 2012 NASCAR races . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140116114700/http://blogs.windsorstar.com/2011/11/10/mis-to-offer-luxury-campsites-for-2012-nascar-races/ . January 16, 2014 . May 17, 2013 . Windsor Star.
  117. Web site: Pearce . Al . December 2, 2013 . NASCAR grandstands continue to shrink . live . August 30, 2024 . . August 31, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240831043928/https://www.autoweek.com/racing/nascar/a1945731/nascar-grandstands-continue-shrink/ .
  118. Web site: Pockrass . Bob . December 11, 2014 . Tracks continue removing seats; how it could impact fans . live . August 30, 2024 . . en-us . August 31, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240831043928/https://www.sportingnews.com/us/nascar/news/why-nascar-tracks-continue-removing-seats-and-how-it-could-impact-fans/u65p0odw2i3u13lckwjitbgw2 .
  119. Web site: Ryan . Nate . August 30, 2016 . Michigan International Speedway president Roger Curtis leaves post for 'new opportunities' . live . August 30, 2024 . . en-US . August 31, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240831043928/https://www.nbcsports.com/nascar/news/michigan-international-speedway-president-roger-curtis-leaves-post-for-new-opportunities .
  120. Web site: Brudenell . Mike . September 12, 2016 . New MIS boss Rick Brenner open to football, IndyCar at track . live . August 30, 2024 . . en-US . August 31, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240831043928/https://www.freep.com/story/sports/motor/2016/09/12/new-mis-boss-open-football-indycar-track/90282606/ .
  121. Web site: DesOrmeau . Taylor . January 25, 2018 . Turn 1 grandstands being torn out at MIS for high-end campground . live . August 31, 2024 . . en . August 31, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240831193630/https://www.mlive.com/news/jackson/2018/01/turn_1_grandstands_to_be_torn.html .
  122. Web site: Page . Scott . January 27, 2019 . International Speedway Corporation continues to reduce tack seating . live . January 29, 2019 . . . January 27, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230127165618/https://www.espn.com/jayski/cup/2019/story/_/id/25858279/international-speedway-corporation-continues-reduce-track-seating .
  123. Web site: Long . Mark . May 22, 2019 . NASCAR buys International Speedway Corp. for $2B . live . August 30, 2024 . . en-US . May 24, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230524161106/https://www.jacksonville.com/story/sports/nascar/2019/05/22/nascar-buys-international-speedway-corp-for-2b/5089070007/ .
  124. Web site: DesOrmeau . Taylor . August 12, 2019 . MIS cuts ribbon on new care center for race weekends, Faster Horses Festival . live . August 30, 2024 . . en . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903034452/https://www.mlive.com/sports/jackson/2019/08/mis-cuts-ribbon-on-new-care-center-for-race-weekends-faster-horses-festival.html .
  125. Web site: DesOrmeau . Taylor . October 27, 2021 . 'The future's bright' for Michigan International Speedway, new track president says . live . August 30, 2024 . . en . August 31, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240831043928/https://www.mlive.com/news/2021/10/the-futures-bright-for-michigan-international-speedway-new-track-president-says.html .
  126. News: Latshaw . Bob . June 16, 1969 . Crash! Yarborough Wins . August 24, 2024 . . 1D, 6D . Newspapers.com.
  127. News: Latshaw . Bob . August 18, 1969 . Pearson Wins '600' . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903034438/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-pearson-wins-600-p/154019207/ . September 3, 2024 . August 25, 2024 . . 1D, 6D . Newspapers.com.
  128. News: June 30, 1973 . Aug. 5 Race At MIS Canceled . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903034438/https://www.newspapers.com/article/lansing-state-journal-aug-5-race-at-mis/154017929/ . September 3, 2024 . August 25, 2024 . . C3 . Newspapers.com.
  129. Web site: DesOrmeau . Taylor . September 30, 2020 . Michigan International Speedway loses 1 of its 2 NASCAR Cup races in 2021 . August 25, 2024 . . en.
  130. Web site: September 29, 2021 . Back to the Future: New venues, return of familiar locations highlight 2022 NASCAR Xfinity Series, NASCAR Camping World Truck Series slates . May 27, 2022 . NASCAR.
  131. News: Latshaw . Bob . July 5, 1970 . Bettenhausen Wins MIS Opener; Foyt Captures Second 200-Miler . live . September 2, 2024 . . 1C, 7C . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903035000/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-bettenhausen-wins-mis/154530068/ .
  132. News: Latshaw . Bob . September 17, 1973 . Rutherford, Gary Win 125-Milers . live . September 2, 2024 . . 1D, 8D . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903035125/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-rutherford-gary-win/154530631/ .
  133. News: Vincent . Charlie . December 16, 1978 . USAC holds onto Indy 500 – rival CART could get the rest . live . September 2, 2024 . . 6C . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903035027/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-usac-holds-onto-indy/154538521/ .
  134. News: Vincent . Charlie . February 27, 1981 . CART rolls 500-miler to MIS . live . September 2, 2024 . . 1F . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903035002/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-cart-rolls-500-miler/154540722/ .
  135. News: July 1, 2001 . Indy Racing League ready to run at MIS . live . September 2, 2024 . . 1D . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903035121/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-indy-racing-league-re/154541856/ .
  136. News: December 20, 2001 . GVSU trio named Little All-Americas . live . September 2, 2024 . . 2E . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903035005/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-gvsu-trio-named-littl/154542135/ .
  137. Web site: Markey . Matt . August 7, 2007 . IndyCar's future uncertain at MIS, but sides still talking . live . September 2, 2024 . . en . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903035008/https://www.toledoblade.com/sports/2007/08/07/IndyCar-s-future-uncertain-at-MIS-but-sides-still-talking/stories/200708070016 .
  138. News: Brown . Clifton . September 29, 1986 . Red-hot Rahal edges Andretti in speed duel . live . September 2, 2024 . . 1F, 4F . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903035133/https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-red-hot-rahal-edges-a/154536317/ .
  139. News: Cavin . Curt . May 26, 1996 . It's go for first U.S. 500; CART now looking ahead . January 6, 2024 . . C1, C5 . Newspapers.com.
  140. News: Miller . Robin . Robin Miller (journalist) . October 4, 1996 . CART to steer around showdown . live . January 5, 2024 . . F1, F9 . . January 5, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240105211552/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-indianapolis-star/138112984/ .
  141. News: Matthews . Dave . September 8, 1974 . MIS Pits Top Drivers In IROC Series . live . September 2, 2024 . . C9 . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903035011/https://www.newspapers.com/article/lansing-state-journal-mis-pits-top-drive/154544317/ .
  142. News: May 7, 1980 . Exciting and unusual season is scheduled for MIS . live . September 2, 2024 . . D8 . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903035010/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-flint-journal-exciting-and-unusual-s/154545060/ .
  143. News: December 2, 1983 . MIS announces changes for '84 . live . September 2, 2024 . . C3 . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903035012/https://www.newspapers.com/article/battle-creek-enquirer-mis-announces-chan/154545210/ .
  144. News: December 13, 1985 . IROC Schedule . live . September 2, 2024 . . 4C . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903035013/https://www.newspapers.com/article/corpus-christi-times-iroc-schedule/154545728/ .
  145. News: Pryson . Mike . September 6, 2001 . MIS aims to please fans, drop prices for IRL events . live . September 2, 2024 . . 1C, 3C . . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903035555/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-muskegon-chronicle-mis-aims-to-pleas/154545823/ .
  146. Web site: Driehorst . Mike . December 31, 2020 . Bork helped launch cross country finals at MIS . live . September 2, 2024 . . en-US . May 9, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210509131309/https://www.monroenews.com/story/sports/high-school/2020/12/31/bork-helped-launch-cross-country-finals-at-mis/115241614/ .
  147. Web site: Durisin . Megan . July 10, 2012 . Sand Lake resident among hundreds preparing for 300-mile Wish-A-Mile bike ride . live . September 2, 2024 . . en . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903035522/https://www.mlive.com/news/grand-rapids/2012/07/sand_lake_resident_one_of_900.html .
  148. Web site: Turko-Ebright . Karen . July 6, 2017 . Wayland woman grants children's wishes by riding her bike . live . September 2, 2024 . . en . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903035523/https://www.mlive.com/wayland/2017/07/a_wayland_woman_grants_childre.html .
  149. Graff . Gary . February 18, 2013 . Faster Horses Festival: Jason Aldean, Dierks Bentley Lead New Country Event . live . September 2, 2024 . . en-US . September 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903035528/https://www.billboard.com/pro/faster-horses-festival-jason-aldean-dierks-bentley-lead-new-country-event/ .
  150. Web site: McCollum . Brian . July 18, 2024 . Beyond headliners like Jelly Roll, Faster Horses is a chance to catch stars of tomorrow . September 2, 2024 . . en-US.
  151. Web site: Michigan International Speedway - Racing Circuits . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903035600/https://www.racingcircuits.info/north-america/usa/michigan-international-speedway.html . RacingCircuits.info . 3 September 2024 . 19 August 2024 . live.
  152. Web site: 1996 Michigan 500 - Round 12 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903035635/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1996-michigan-500/ . . 28 July 1996 . 3 September 2024 . 26 May 2022 . live.
  153. Web site: 2003 Michigan Indycars . https://web.archive.org/web/20220527020210/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/2003-michigan-indycars/ . . 27 July 2003 . 27 May 2022 . 27 May 2022 . live.
  154. Web site: 2018 NASCAR Cup Series FireKeepers Casino 400 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240818220144/https://www.racingyears.com/race/2018_NASCAR_Cup_Series_FireKeepers_Casino_400 . 10 June 2018 . 18 August 2024 . 19 August 2024 . live.
  155. Web site: 2004 Michigan Indy Lights . https://web.archive.org/web/20220118021316/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/2004-michigan-indy-lights/ . . 1 August 2004 . 18 January 2022 . 26 May 2022 . live.
  156. Web site: NASCAR Xfinity 2019 Michigan - Fastest Laps . https://web.archive.org/web/20240903035532/https://www.motorsport.com/nascar-xs/results/2019/michigan-427628/?st=FL . 8 June 2019 . 3 September 2024 . 26 May 2022 . live.
  157. Web site: NASCAR Truck 2018 Michigan - Fastest Laps . https://web.archive.org/web/20220526141656/https://www.motorsport.com/nascar-truck/results/2018/michigan-190616/?st=FL . 11 August 2018 . 26 May 2022 . 26 May 2022 . live.
  158. Web site: Michigan 500 Kilometres 1984 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220530105121/https://www.racingsportscars.com/race/Michigan-1984-09-16.html . 16 September 1984 . 30 May 2022 . 30 May 2022 . live.
  159. Web site: IMSA GTU Michigan 1984 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220530105415/https://www.racingsportscars.com/race/Michigan-1984-09-16g.html . 16 September 1984 . 30 May 2022 . 30 May 2022 . live .
  160. Web site: Can-Am Michigan 1969 . 28 September 1969 . 30 May 2022.
  161. Web site: Trans-Am Michigan 1971 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220530104031/https://www.racingsportscars.com/race/Michigan-1971-09-06.html . 6 September 1971 . 30 May 2022 . 30 May 2022 . live.

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