Michel Georges Sassine Explained

Honorific-Prefix:	His Excellency
Michel Georges Sassine ميشال جورج ساسين
Office:	Deputy Prime Minister of Lebanon
Office2:	Deputy Speaker of the Parliament of Lebanon
Office3:	Minister of Labor
Office4:	Minister of Tourism
Office6:	Member of Parliament
Birth Date:	27 February 1927
Party:	Independent

Michel Georges Sassine (Arabic: ميشال جورج ساسين; 27 February 1927 – 2 August 2014) was a prominent Lebanese politician. He was a member of the Lebanese parliament for twenty-four consecutive years (1968–1992) representing the district of Ashrafieh, Beirut. He served several times as Deputy Prime Minister, Deputy Speaker of Parliament, and cabinet Minister. He founded the Ministry of Housing and Cooperatives, and was appointed as Minister of Labor, Tourism and others in more than seven governments. Throughout his political career he was renowned for his strong ethics and anti-corruption principles. He took the lead on several historic turning points including the 1970 Presidential election,^[1] and the Taif Agreement in 1990.^[2]

Personal life

Sassine was born to a prominent Greek Orthodox family in Ashrafieh to parents Georges Sassine and Laurice Bustros. He lost his father in his teenage years and found himself responsible for four other siblings including new-born twins. Sassine led his family into politics, and together with his brothers Pierre and Joseph dedicated the family's efforts to public service.

1968 Parliamentary elections

Michel Sassine was first elected to the Lebanese Parliament in 1968 running for the Greek Orthodox seat in the nation's capital Beirut. Sassine ran alongside Nasri Maalouf and together, as independents, won against the government-backed coalition led by Sheikh Pierre Gemayel - including Minister of Foreign Affairs Fouad Boutros.

1970 Presidential elections

In the closest and possibly most controversial presidential election in Lebanese history, Suleiman Frangieh was elected President of the Republic by the National Assembly on 17 August 1970, with a majority of one single vote. The presidency being the most powerful political institution in pre-1990 Lebanon the presidential race was of particular importance as it came after 12 years of continuous Shihabist rule (Fuad Shihab 1958-1964, and Charles Helou, 1964–1970). The two main opposing candidates emerged to be Elias Sarkis – then Governor of the Central Bank – backed by the Shihabi regime; and Suleiman Frangieh backed by the opposition.^[3]

On the third voting round, Frangieh received majority by a single vote over Elias Sarkis. Sabri Hamadeh, then Speaker of Parliament and supporter of the Shihab regime, refused to announce the election of a President on such a low margin, and walked out of Parliament. Michel Sassine, Deputy Speaker of Parliament, stepped up and assumed the responsibilities of Speaker and announced Frangieh President in a move that saved the country of an inevitable political vacuum.^{[1] [4] [5] [6]}

Sassine moved to serve as Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of Lebanon in the four different governments between 1972-1975 under the mandate of President Frangieh.^[5]

His relationship with President Camille Chamoun

Michel Sassine initially got elected as an independent and was never part of any political party throughout his career. Nevertheless, he developed a close political and personal relationship with President Camille Chamoun, and took a leading role in the National Liberal Party (Lebanon) (Al Ahrar) parliamentary block until the death of Chamoun's son Dany in 1990.

Role in Taif Agreement

Sassine was a signatory of the Taif Agreement that ended the Lebanese Civil War.^[7] He was serving as Deputy Speaker of Parliament when Parliament signed the agreement on 22 October 1989 and ratified it on 4 November 1989.In the post-Taif period Sassine was appointed Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Labor in both the 1990-1992 governments of Salim al-Hoss, and Omar Karami.^[8]

Other achievements

• Exercised full powers of Deputy Prime Minister and Deputy Speaker of Parliament: as Sassine occupied the highest positions allocated to Greek Orthodox in the Lebanese sectarian system he remains one of the few to have exercised the full power of these offices, as they remain symbolic otherwise. Other than his role in the 1970 Presidential elections, he acted as Speaker of Parliament on numerous occasions and led parliament on many junctures to pass significant reforms. Sassine's ability to exercise the Greek Orthodox Deputy responsibilities was due to both strong political backing and personal character.
• Saved 24 Lebanese from execution in Guinea: in the early 1970s thirteen Lebanese were sentenced to death in Africa's Guinea in an attempted coup against President Ahmed Sekou Toure. As the execution order was to be carried a week after their arrest, and many mediation efforts for their release failed, President Suleiman Frangieh tasked Michel Sassine, then Deputy Prime Minister, on an urgent diplomatic mission to Guinea. Sassine succeeded in his intervention as Sekou Toure agreed to issue a Presidential pardon and handed all thirteen Lebanese detainees to Sassine to bring back to Lebanon.^{[9] [5]}

Association to Sassine Square

Sassine Square in Ashrafieh is one of the most prominent political, social and commercial focal points of the Lebanese capital.^[10] While Sassine Street was named after Michel Sassine's father Georges in the 1940s, Michel Sassine moved to get Sassine Square officially inaugurated in the early 1990s under the auspices of President Elias Hrawi and Prime-Minister Rafic Hariri.^{[11] [12] [13]}

Further reading

• Michel Sassine biography (Arabic Version): https://www.scribd.com/doc/53686385/Michel-Sassine-Biography-draft-version
• Background notes on Lebanon and list of 1990 government ministers https://web.archive.org/web/20160303185312/http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/bgnotes/nea/lebanon9012.html
• Two additional pictures of Deputy Speaker Michel Sassine announcing the election of Sleiman Frangieh as President of Lebanon in 1970: http://img163.imageshack.us/img163/7387/sassinefranjieh.jpg, http://img573.imageshack.us/img573/6040/michelsassinevssabriham.jpg
• Documentary on Camille Chamoun in 39 episodes - see Michel Sassine throughout episodes 26 and beyond https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WSnl-iFWY2w
• See video of Parliament voting on Taef Agreement, including Sassine at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nHGJymb_PiM
• Three articles on Sassine Square: https://web.archive.org/web/20110904132415/http://www.assabil.com/documents/pdfs/ASSABIL_SassRep2_preview.pdf; http://www.aawsat.com/details.asp?section=41&article=593622&issueno=11663; http://www.yabeyrouth.com/pages/index3646.htm
• Interview with Former Ashrafieh MP Michel Sassine on the history of Ashrafieh and how it evolved through time: https://www.scribd.com/doc/77669439/Interview-on-the-History-of-Achrafieh-with-HE-Michel-Sassine-Dec-2011
• See Michel Sassine in Who's who in the Middle East and North Africa https://books.google.com/books?id=pP315Mw3S9EC&dq=minister+michel+sassine&pg=PA724

Notes and References

1. Web site: The Owosso Argus-Press - Google News Archive Search .
2. Book: The Middle East and North Africa 2004. 30 October 2003. Psychology Press . 9781857431841.
3. The Lebanese Presidential Elections of 1970 and Their Impact on the Civil War of 1975-1976. 4282770. Zamir. Meir. Middle Eastern Studies. 1980. 16. 1. 49–70. 10.1080/00263208008700424.
4. Web site: Lebanon news - NOW Lebanon -Talking to: Edmund Rizk . 2011-04-22 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120826130957/http://www.nowlebanon.com/NewsArchiveDetails.aspx?ID=13521 . 2012-08-26 . dead .
5. Web site: Michel Sassine Biography - Draft Version | PDF .
6. (See two additional pictures of Sassine announcing Frangieh President:https://web.archive.org/web/20110926225729/http://img163.imageshack.us/img163/7387/sassinefranjieh.jpg, https://web.archive.org/web/20110724230149/http://img573.imageshack.us/img573/6040/michelsassinevssabriham.jpg)
7. Web site: - YouTube . .
8. Web site: Background Notes: Lebanon . 2011-04-22 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160303185312/http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/bgnotes/nea/lebanon9012.html . 2016-03-03 . dead .
9. Web site: PoliticalArticles.NET .
10. Web site: Archived copy . 2011-09-27 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110904132415/http://www.assabil.com/documents/pdfs/ASSABIL_SassRep2_preview.pdf . 2011-09-04 .
11. Web site: ساحة ساسين.. القلب النابض للأشرفية وملتقى نجوم الفن والإعلام, السيـــاحــــة . www.aawsat.com . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20101103232117/http://aawsat.com//details.asp?section=41&article=593622&issueno=11663 . 2010-11-03.
12. Web site: ساسين - السيوفي . www.yabeyrouth.com . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20071022120824/http://yabeyrouth.com/pages/index3646.htm . 2007-10-22.
13. Web site: Interview on the History of Achrafieh with HE Michel Sassine Dec 2011 | PDF .