Michael Marmot Explained

Honorific Prefix:Sir
Michael Marmot
Birth Name:Michael Gideon Marmot
Birth Date:1945 1, df=yes[1]
Birth Place:London, England
Thesis Title:Acculturation and Coronary Heart Disease in Japanese-Americans
Thesis Url:http://search.proquest.com/docview/30277047
Thesis Year:1975
Spouse:Alexandra Naomi Ferster

Sir Michael Gideon Marmot (born 26 February 1945) is Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health at University College London. He is currently the Director of The UCL Institute of Health Equity.[2] Marmot has led research groups on health inequalities for over thirty years, working for various international and governmental bodies.In 2023, he was elected to the American Philosophical Society.[3]

He has won several awards including 2012 Lifetime Award Fellowship Eur Academy of Occupational Health Psychology, 2012 Patron of Medsin-UK, 2010 Manchester Doubleday Award, and 2004 Alwyn Smith Prize Medal.

Early life and education

Marmot was born in London on 26 January 1945. When he was a young child, his family moved to Sydney in Australia,[4] where he attended Sydney Boys High School (1957–1961)[5] and graduated with an MBBS medical degree from the University of Sydney in 1969.[6] [7]

He earned an MPH degree in 1972[6] and a PhD in 1975 from the University of California, Berkeley for research into acculturation and coronary heart disease in Japanese Americans.[8]

Career

He was a member of the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution for six years and in the New Year Honours 2000 he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II, for services to epidemiology and the understanding of health inequalities.

Marmot advised the WHO.[9] He was chair of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH), which was set up by the World Health Organization 2005, and in August 2008 he produced for the commission a report called Closing the Gap in a Generation.[10]

Marmot gave the Harveian Oration in 2006.

He leads the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), and is engaged in several international research efforts on the social determinants of health. He served as president of the British Medical Association (BMA) from 2010 to 2011,[11] and is the new president of the British Lung Foundation.[12]

Marmot served as president of the World Medical Association for 2015–16.[13]

Marmot was elected member of the Academia Europaea in 1995.[14]

Marmot was appointed Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH) in the 2023 New Year Honours for services to public health.

Memberships

Marmot was elected as a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (FRCP) in 1989. He became a fellow of the Faculty of Public Health (FFPHM) in 1989, a fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) in 2008, and was elected an honorary fellow of the British Academy (Hon FBA) also in 2008.[15]

He has been furthermore elected an honorary fellow of the Royal Society of Public Health (Hon FRSPH) in 2008, an honorary fellow of the Royal College of Psychiatrists (Hon FRCPsych) in 2013, and an honorary fellow of the Faculty of Public Health (Hon FFPH).

Marmot is a Foreign Associate Member of the Institute of Medicine (IOM).

Research

Marmot conducted ground-breaking studies of heart disease and stroke, comparing Japanese people in Japan (high stroke rates, low heart attack rates) with those in Hawaii and California, where, especially in later generations, the disease patterns became reversed after adopting lifestyle, stress and diet changes.[8] He has more recently led the Whitehall Studies of British civil servants, again focusing on heart disease and other disease patterns. His department includes the MRC National Survey of Health & Development, a longitudinal study directed by Professor Michael Wadsworth of people born in Britain in 1946 and followed up since. There are 120 other academic staff in the department.[16] [17] [18] [19] [20]

Marmot has a special interest in inequalities in health[21] [22] and their causes, and has been a government advisor in seeking to identify ways to mitigate them. He served on the Scientific Advisory Group of the Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health chaired by Sir Donald Acheson, the former UK chief medical officer. This reported in November 1998.[23]

In The Status Syndrome: How your social standing directly affects your health and life expectancy, he argues that socio-economic position is an important determinant for health outcomes. This result holds even if we control for the effects of income, education and risk factors (such as smoking) on health. The causal pathway Marmot identifies concerns the psychic benefits of "being in control" of one's life. Autonomy in this sense is related to our socio-economic position. Based on comparative studies, Marmot argues that we can make our society more participatory and inclusive to increase overall public health.

In 2008, Marmot appeared in , an American documentary series examining the social determinants of health that drew heavily from Marmot's work on the Whitehall Studies.

On 6 November 2008, Prime Minister Gordon Brown announced that the Secretary of State for Health Alan Johnson had asked Marmot to chair a review of health inequalities in England; to inform policy making and address health inequalities from 2010. The review was announced at the launch of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health report Closing the Gap in a Generation. The review was published in 2010 entitled Fair society, healthy lives : the Marmot Review.[24]

In 2020, Marmot co-authored Health Equity in England: The Marmot Review 10 Years On.[25] It found that life expectancy is falling among the poorest people and particularly amongst women in certain English regions.[26] Published in the same year, Build Back Fairer: The COVID-19 Marmot Review explored connections between inequality in socioeconomic conditions and COVID-19 death tolls, recommending investing in public health. In 2021, a follow-up report looking at Greater Manchester noted a greater fall in life expectancy in the poorer areas of the county.[27] [28] It made recommendations around improving living standards, working conditions and increasing prospects for young people.[29]

In 2022, Marmot warned of the risk of "a humanitarian crisis" the next winter caused by "fuel poverty", which could have long-term consequences mostly for the young and least well-off.[30]

Selected bibliography

Books

Journal articles and research

Awards and honours

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Marmot, Prof. Sir Michael (Gideon). Who's Who 2014, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 2014; online edn, Oxford University Press.
  2. http://www.instituteofhealthequity.org/about-us/about-professor-sir-michael-marmot About page on the Institute of Health Equity website
  3. Web site: The American Philosophical Society Welcomes New Members for 2023 .
  4. http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/features/desert-island-discs/castaway/56dc9508 Michael Marmot interviewed by Kirsty Young
  5. http://www.shsobu.org.au/wp-content/uploads/imperial-honours.pdf Profile
  6. Web site: M. Marmot's Academic Background . 8 September 2022 .
  7. Web site: Michael Marmot CV. 31 December 2022 .
  8. PhD . Michael Gideon. Marmot. Acculturation and Coronary Heart Disease in Japanese-Americans . University of California, Berkeley. 1975. Michael Marmot. .
  9. https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/jul/18/rise-in-life-expectancy-has-stalled-since-2010-research-shows Rise in life expectancy has stalled since 2010, research shows
  10. Web site: M. Marmot, Chair of CSDH . 13 March 2015 . 8 September 2022 .
  11. Web site: M. Marmot, President of BMA . 8 September 2022 .
  12. Web site: M. Marmot, President of British Lung Foundation . 8 September 2022.
  13. Web site: M. Marmot, President of WMA . 8 September 2022 .
  14. Web site: M. Marmot, member of Accademia Europaea . 8 September 2022 .
  15. https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/fellows/michael-marmot-FBA-hon/ Professor Sir Michael Marmot Hon FBA
  16. 1674771. 1991. Marmot. M.G.. Health inequalities among British civil servants: The Whitehall II study. Lancet. 337. 8754. 1387–93. Smith. G.D.. Stansfeld. S. Patel. C. North. F. Head. J. White. I. Brunner. E. Feeney. A. 10.1016/0140-6736(91)93068-k. 2791924.
  17. 3416162. 1988. Intersalt: An international study of electrolyte excretion and blood pressure. Results for 24 hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion. Intersalt Cooperative Research Group. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 297. 6644. 319–28. 1834069. 10.1136/bmj.297.6644.319.
  18. 1671422. 1991. McKeigue. P.M.. Relation of central obesity and insulin resistance with high diabetes prevalence and cardiovascular risk in South Asians. Lancet. 337. 8738. 382–86. Shah. B. Marmot. M.G.. 10.1016/0140-6736(91)91164-p. 21350831.
  19. 10346775. 1115843. 1999. Hemingway. H. Evidence based cardiology: Psychosocial factors in the aetiology and prognosis of coronary heart disease. Systematic review of prospective cohort studies. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 318. 7196. 1460–67. Marmot. M. 10.1136/bmj.318.7196.1460.
  20. 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)04244-X. 9242799. Contribution of job control and other risk factors to social variations in coronary heart disease incidence. The Lancet. 1997. 350. 9073. 235–39. MG. Marmot. 5665244.
  21. 24594545. 2014. Torjesen. I. Low paid workers are not paid enough to live healthily, Marmot says. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 348. g1939. 10.1136/bmj.g1939. 27705220.
  22. 18994652. 2008. Boseley. S. Michael Marmot: Leader in the social determinants of health. The Lancet. 372. 9650. 1625. 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61675-X. 13557445.
  23. Web site: Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health Report . www.gov.uk . 2019-05-30.
  24. Web site: Fair society, healthy lives : the Marmot Review : strategic review of health inequalities in England post-2010.. 2021-06-30. GOV.UK. en.
  25. Web site: Health Equity in England: The Marmot Review 10 Years On The Health Foundation. 2021-06-30. www.health.org.uk. en.
  26. News: Boseley . Sarah . Austerity blamed for life expectancy stalling for first time in century . 25 February 2020 . The Guardian . 25 February 2020.
  27. Web site: Marmot. Michael. 2021. Build Back Fairer in Greater Manchester - Main Report.
  28. Web site: 2021-06-30. 'Jaw-dropping' fall in life expectancy in poor areas of England, report finds. 2021-06-30. The Guardian. en.
  29. Web site: 2021-06-30. Michael Marmot and Jessica Allen: Building back fairer in Greater Manchester. 2021-06-30. The BMJ. en-US.
  30. Web site: 1 September 2022 . A generation of Britons face long term illness from being cold and poor this winter . 8 September 2022 . The Guardian .
  31. Web site: Fossen. Christian. Honorary Doctors. www.ntnu.edu.
  32. 30 December 1999. New Years Honours List. The London Gazette. 55710. 2. 10 July 2008. 20 April 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100420032516/http://www.gazettes-online.co.uk/. dead.

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