Michael Audain Explained

Michael James Audain
Birth Date:31 July 1937
Birth Place:Bournemouth, Dorset, England
Nationality:Canadian
Alma Mater:University of British Columbia
Occupation:Home builder
Known For:Chairman of Polygon Homes Ltd. and Arts Philanthropy
Spouse:Yoshiko Karasawa
Children:2

Michael James Audain, (born July 31, 1937) is a Canadian home builder, philanthropist and art collector. He is the Chairman and major shareholder of the privately held Polygon Homes Ltd., one of the largest multi-family builders in British Columbia.[1] [2]

Early life and education

Audain was born in Bournemouth, England. His father was a retired British Army officer, while his mother had a career as a London dress model.

Audain attended numerous schools in the United Kingdom due to frequent moves by his split-up family during World War II. His first nursery school was named St. Georges, located on Castle Street in Farnham, Surrey, while his first boarding school was called Melbreck Preparatory School situated in the countryside outside Farnham. Later, he attended Eagle House near Sandhurst in Berkshire.

In Canada, Audain attended Glenlyon School (now Glenlyon Norfolk School) and University School (now St. Michael's University School). Both are situated in Victoria, British Columbia. Later, he was sent to Trinity College School in Port Hope, Ontario.

In terms of higher education, Audain attended the University of Lyon in France, where he acquired a Diploma in French Civilization in 1959. At the University of British Columbia he earned a Bachelor of Arts in 1962, a Bachelor of Social Work in 1963, and a Masters in Social Work in 1965. He later attended the London School of Economics and Political Science as a Ph.D. student but did not submit a thesis. In 1977, Audain obtained a Certificate in Farm Management and Rural Appraisal from the University of California, Davis.

Career

In the early 1970s, Audain established a reputation for himself as one of Canada's leading housing policy experts. After moving from the position of Director of Community Relations at the Ontario Housing Corporation in Toronto (now Ontario Mortgage and Housing Corporation) in 1969, he was appointed Housing Program Director at the Canadian Council on Social Development in Ottawa where he conducted a number of research studies on housing issues, most notably a national study on housing for the elderly, which was published as a book called Beyond Shelter.[3] In Ottawa he also started and became editor of a quarterly publication called Housing and People.

In late 1973, Audain was called to the British Columbia government in Victoria by Premier David Barrett and appointed Special Advisor to the Minister of Housing, with the task of setting up a housing ministry. During this period he initiated policies that resulted in a significant increase in social and cooperative housing throughout British Columbia. To aid the process, he negotiated the purchase of Dunhill Development Ltd. which became the Housing Corporation of British Columbia[4] and today is known as BC Housing.

After a term as chairman of the Provincial Commission on Mobile Homes, which published a well-received report, in 1976 Audain established a company called Audain Planning Ltd. to undertake research and provide advice on housing policy across Canada. Later in 1994 he was appointed by Premier Michael Harcourt as co-chairman of the Commission of Affordable Housing Options, which held public hearings and whose report[5] ultimately played a significant role in revising municipal government's attitudes to so-called "illegal suites" and a host of other housing related matters.

From 1977 to 1979, Audain taught as a sessional lecturer at the University of British Columbia's School of Urban and Regional Planning (now the School of Community and Regional Planning).

In September 1980 Audain was appointed Executive Vice President of Polygon Properties Limited, becoming a partner in the firm. Then in 1988 he was appointed President, and in 1992 Chairman of Polygon Homes Ltd. He has continued to serve as Chair of the Board since Neil Chrystal's appointment as President in 2003.

Polygon Homes Ltd.

The history of Polygon Homes Ltd. started in 1980 when Audain was invited by W.K. Paulus to become the Executive Vice President and a partner in a company that owned an interest in three rental apartment properties. Initially, Audain built residential communities for housing cooperatives and non-profit organizations, but in 1983 he started building townhomes and apartments for the market. The company expanded in 1988 when Paulus sold his interest to Laing Property Corporation.

After Laing Property Corporation was taken over by P&O Limited, a British conglomerate, Audain and his partner Rick Genest[6] negotiated the acquisition of all the shares in the company in 1992, with Polygon becoming 100 percent British Columbia owned and managed. After Genest's death as a result of a highway accident in 2002, Neil Chrystal[7] became a major shareholder in the company and assumed the title of President and CEO. Since 1980, Polygon Homes Ltd. and its affiliated single-family builder Morningstar Homes Ltd. have completed the construction of over 34,000 homes in Metro Vancouver.[8] [9]

Visual Arts

Audain has been a supporter of the visual arts in British Columbia and beyond. In 1992 he joined the board of trustees of the Vancouver Art Gallery and with a brief interregnum has been involved in the affairs of the Gallery until finishing his term as Chair of the Vancouver Art Gallery Foundation in 2014.[10] He served as the Association's President/Chair from 1996 to 1998.

In 2005, Audain was appointed to the board of trustees of the National Gallery of Canada, and then as chair from 2009 to 2012. Reappointed as a Director of the National Gallery of Canada Foundation from 2019 to 2022, and now as Director Emeritus.

Audain Collection

Audain and his wife Yoshiko Karasawa amassed a significant art collection which is considered among Canada's most outstanding.[11] [12] [13] [14] Particularly strong was a large group of Northwest Coast Indigenous Peoples masks which had been brought back to British Columbia[15] from the United States and Europe, the acquisition and subsequent donation of a Potlach Figure to the U'Mista Cultural Centre in 2008;[16] a major collection of Emily Carr's works, Canada's most important collection of Mexican modernist[17] works, and one of the leading collections of Quebec artist Jean Paul Riopelle. The collection was in part exhibited at the Vancouver Art Gallery in late 2012 and early 2013.[18] Nearly 140 works from this collection were installed at the Audain Art Museum in preparation for its opening in March 2016, and were subsequently donated to form the basis of the Museum’s permanent collection.

In early 2022, Audain and Karasawa donated eight works by another Québec artist, Paul-Émile Borduas to the Musée national des beaux-art du Québec.[19]

Audain has also commissioned works from a number of British Columbia artists (personally or through Polygon) to allow them to develop their talents, including: James Hart, Robert Davidson, Xwalacktun, Susan Point, Paul Wong, Marianne Nicolson, and Jay Simeon to name a few.

Audain Art Museum

In September 2012, Audain was invited to Whistler, British Columbia to discuss establishing a museum for his family collection.[20] Less than a year after his visit, the 56,000 square foot Audain Art Museum building designed by Patkau Architects commenced construction on land donated by the Resort Municipality of Whistler for a 199-year lease. Adjacent to Whistler Village, the Museum officially opened to the public on March 12, 2016[21] [22] [23] [24] and houses a portion of the Audain Collection, a gallery dedicated to 15 works by E. J. Hughes,[25] as well as offers spaces for special exhibitions.[26] [27] It is the only museum in Canada with a permanent collection that exclusively represents the artists of its home province. The Museum published a book by Ian M. Thom titled Masterworks from the Audain Art Museum, Whistler.

The Audain Art Museum Foundation was subsequently created to raise an endowment fund of $25 million (now increased to $50 million) to support the operations of the Audain Art Museum.[28] This registered not-for-profit charitable corporation is governed by a Board of Directors chaired by Audain. By mid-2024, the endowment fund goal of just under $50 million has been realized through donations by persons and companies called the Museum’s “Founders”.

Jean Paul Riopelle Foundation

Passionate about the legacy of Quebec artist Jean Paul Riopelle (1923-2002), Audain announced on October 3, 2019 the creation of the Jean Paul Riopelle Foundation. Serving as Chairman, Audain is joined on the board by Riopelle’s eldest daughter, business executives, art historians, and collectors dedicated to celebrating the contribution of the artist to international art history. The Foundation will also serve as a centre of scholarship in the documentation, publication and discourse on the oeuvre of Jean Paul Riopelle.[29]

October 7, 2023 marked the centenary of Riopelle’s birth and the Foundation has collaborated for over an entire year with cultural and government partners to provide a multitude of opportunities to acknowledge his contribution to the visual arts.[30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35]

On May 4, 2024 the groundbreaking for the Espace Riopelle pavilion at the Musée national des beaux-art du Québec confirmed  the collaboration between the MNBAQ, all levels of government, and several Foundation members to create and build a new pavilion that will house a permanent collection of the artist’s work. The new pavilion is due to be completed in 2026.[36]

Philanthropy

Audain Foundation

Audain chairs the Board of the Audain Foundation, which was established in 1997 to support the visual arts in British Columbia with grants and endowments for capital projects and exhibitions at major public art galleries and educational institutions.[37] [38] [39] [40] More recently, the Foundation has expanded its scope to include wildlife interests, including start-up funding for the new Grizzly Bear Foundation.[41]

The Audain Foundation has supported many initiatives, among them: the Audain Endowment for Contemporary Canadian Art and the Audain Curator of Indigenous Art at the National Gallery of Canada (in recognition of this support, together with donations for special projects, collections and operations, the contemporary exhibition space is named La Salle Audain);[42] the Audain Curator of British Columbia Art, the Audain Emerging Artists Acquisition Fund, and the Post-Secondary Student Engagement in BC Program[43] [44] and the capital campaign for the new gallery building project[45] at the Vancouver Art Gallery; the Audain Curator of First Nations Art Endowment Fund for the Art Gallery of Greater Victoria; the Audain Professorship in Contemporary Art Practice of the Pacific Northwest and the Audain Gallery and Atrium[46] at the University of Victoria; the Audain Endowment for Curatorial Studies,[47] the Audain Art Centre,[48] the commissioning of the Reconciliation Pole by James Hart,[49] and the Audain Chair in Historical Indigenous Art[50] at the University of British Columbia; the donation of a Nuu-chah-nulth ceremonial club from Captain James Cook's collection,[51] and the Audain Gallery[52] at the Museum of Anthropology; a gift to support Northwest Coast art studies[53] and the Audain Visual Artists-in-Residence Program/School for the Contemporary Arts at Simon Fraser University (recognized with naming the main exhibition space the Audain Gallery);[54] the acquisition of a Bill Reid masterpiece[55] for the Royal British Columbia Museum; the annual Emerging Artist Scholarship at YVR Art Foundation;[56] the Audain Art Studio at Brentwood College;[57] the Audain Great Hall at the Bill Reid Gallery of Northwest Coast Art;[58] the Gordon Smith Gallery of Canadian Art;[59] the Audain Distinguished Artist-in-Residence Program[60] and the Audain Faculty of Visual Arts[61] at Emily Carr University of Art and Design; the Audain Chief Curator Endowment Fund and the new building[62] for The Polygon Gallery (previously Presentation House Gallery) in North Vancouver; the Arts Umbrella capital campaign for a new building;[63] and an endowment to build children’s and youths’ arts programs in underserved communities [commitment acknowledged through the naming of the “Audain School of Art & Design”];[64] the Audain Art Museum building[65] and art acquisitions; and the public art program at the new St. Paul's Hospital,[66] and the building of Espace Riopelle pavilion at the Musée national des beaux-art du Québec (MNBAQ).[67]

In 2004, the annual Audain Prize for the Visual Arts was established to recognize the outstanding achievements of British Columbia's senior artists.[68] The $100,000 award is now administered by the Audain Art Museum. In conjunction with the Audain Prize, the Foundation provides five $7,500 Audain Travel Awards to young artists enrolled in a full-time arts program at the undergraduate or graduate level.[69]

Grizzly Bear Foundation

A close encounter with a grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) and her three cubs inspired Audain to establish and fund a registered charitable organization in 2016,[70] dedicated to the welfare of grizzly bears. The Grizzly Bear Foundation supports the conservation and preservation of grizzly bears through research and public education. It commissioned a Board of Enquiry to travel the province of British Columbia in the fall of 2016 to seek information from individuals and organizations that have an interest in the grizzly bear. The report summarizing the findings of this Enquiry was submitted to the Provincial Government in March 2017 led to the termination of the infamous Grizzly Bear Trophy Hunt.[71]

Personal life

During the 1960s, Audain led a colourful life as a social activist. At the University of British Columbia he founded and was President of the Nuclear Disarmament Club,[72] which among other initiatives, organized peace marches. In 1962, Audain organized the largest peace march in Vancouver since the 1930s. Also at the University of British Columbia, together with a group of faculty members, Audain founded The Penthouse Radical Society, which met monthly on the top floor of the Faculty of Arts Buchanan Building to discuss social and economic issues.

Audain also served as an editor of the international magazine, Our Generation Against Nuclear War.[73]

Audain was a delegate to the 1961 founding convention of Canada’s New Democratic Party.  

In the summer of 1961, he was a Freedom Rider in the United States south, and was sentenced in Jackson, Mississippi to a jail term and a $250 fine. He served part of his sentence in the city jail in Jackson, as well as the Mississippi State Penitentiary at Parchman.[74] [75] [76] [77] [78]

Together with a group of University of British Columbia faculty, Audain was instrumental in founding the BC Civil Liberties Association in 1962.[79]

Audain authored and published his second book in 2021, a memoir entitled One Man in His Time, and a third book in 2023 featuring images and background stories regarding his art collection over many years, entitled Pictures on the Wall.

Awards and honours

  1. Queen's Golden Jubilee Medal (2002)[80]
  2. Order of BC (2007)[81]
  3. Order of Canada (2009)[82]
  4. Queen's Diamond Jubilee Medal (2012)[83]
  5. Ordre des mécènes a Québec (patronage medal from the City of Quebec)[84] – see Michael Audain and Yoshiko Karasawa

Honorary degrees

  1. Emily Carr University of Art and Design[85] (2005)
  2. Simon Fraser University[86] (2005)
  3. University of Victoria[87] (2009)
  4. University of British Columbia[88] (2014)
  5. Vancouver Island University[89] (2017)
  6. St. Mark’s College at the University of British Columbia (2023) – Doctor of Sacred Letters

Industry

Audain is a past Chairman of the Business Council of British Columbia, and a past President of the Urban Development Institute Pacific Region.

  1. Builder of the Year Award – Urban Development Institute Pacific Region (1987)
  2. Homebuilders Association Vancouver Hall of Fame (2005)
  3. Business Laureate of the British Columbia Hall of Fame] (2009)[90]
  4. Member Urban Development Institute Hall of Fame (2012)[91]
  5. The Fraser Institute Founder's Award (2021)[92]

Culture

  1. Edmund C. Bovey Award – Business for the Arts[93] (2004)
  2. British Columbia Museums Association Award for Distinguished Service[94] (2005)
  3. Simon Fraser University President's Distinguished Community Leadership Award[95] (2008)
  4. Greater Vancouver Board of Trade Community Leadership Award (2008)
  5. Vancouver Biennale Philanthropy in the Arts Award (2011)[96]
  6. Vancouver Mayor's Arts Award for Philanthropy[97] (2012)
  7. Royal Canadian Academy of Arts Medal[98] (2013)
  8. Greater Vancouver Board of Trade Rix Award for Engaged Community Citizenship[99] (2017)
  9. Canadian Museums Association President's Award[100] (2017)
  10. Royal Architectural Institute of Canada, Metro Vancouver Chapter, Architecture Advocacy Award[101] (2017)
  11. Alma Mater Society, University of British Columbia Great Trekker Award (2019)[102]

Further reading

Notes and References

  1. Web site: BCBusiness. Mitham. Peter. BCBusiness. en. 2020-05-26. See section on Real Estate #5.
  2. Web site: Vancouver Magazine. 2020-05-26. Vancouver Magazine. en. See #11 Michael Audain.
  3. Book: Audain. Michael J.. Beyond shelter: a study of National Housing Act financed housing for the elderly. 1973. Canadian Council on Social Development. Ottawa. 9780888101822. July 9, 2014.
  4. Book: Sexty. Robert W.. Housing Corporation of British Columbia, Volume 125, Part 3, Case study 1.73 entitled "Privatising the Housing Corporation". 1982. Institute of Public Administration of Canada. Ottawa. 9780919400948. July 9, 2014. Refers to history of Housing Corporation of British Columbia (formerly Dunhill Development Ltd.) and the sale by W.K. Paulus to the Provincial Government.
  5. Audain. Michael. Duvall. Elain. Commissioners of the Provincial Commission on Housing Options, report entitled "New Directions in Affordability". Vancouver. December 15, 1992. July 17, 2014.
  6. Web site: Humphreys. Tommy. Life in Perspective: Rick Genest. CEO.ca. August 23, 2012. July 17, 2014.
  7. News: Sherlock. Tracy. Densification forces builders to get creative – Polygon Homes CEO Neil Chrystal talks about what makes his favourite projects work. July 17, 2014. Vancouver Sun. 2012.
  8. News: Cairns. Susan. Audain at the Helm. Urban Development Institute Pacific Region Urban Development Report. Fall 1996.
  9. News: Mithan. Peter. Michael Audain Profile Home Runs. Business in Vancouver. December 2003.
  10. News: Lederman. Marsha. Vancouver Art Gallery Foundation chairman Michael Audain leaves board. 2020-05-27.
  11. News: Laurence. Robin. Summer 2010. The Art of Place. University of British Columbia magazine Trek. dead. August 22, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140903080342/http://www.alumni.ubc.ca/trekmagazine/27-summer2010/artofplace.php. 2014-09-03.
  12. News: Cotter. Sam. Michael Audain: A Love of Art. Canadian Art. March 15, 2013. July 30, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140903202602/http://www.canadianart.ca/features/2013/03/15/faces-michael-audain/. September 3, 2014. dead.
  13. News: Lederman. Marsha. Ínside Michael Audain's personal art collection. July 30, 2014. The Globe and Mail. October 28, 2011.
  14. News: Bramham. Daphne. 2016-03-03. A profile of one of Canada's most important art collectors (with video). en-US. Vancouver Sun. 2017-05-29.
  15. Web site: The masks reveal their stories. Atkinson. Cathryn. Pique. en. 2020-05-26.
  16. News: Ryan. Denise. The Return of a Warrior. July 30, 2014. The Vancouver Sun. November 9, 2008. Refers to the repatriation of a potlatch figure to the U’Mista Cultural Society in Alert Bay, British Columbia.. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140912183605/http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=10d58f8d-c91b-40f4-b5bd-df30f8d225e2. September 12, 2014.
  17. News: Saunders. Frances Stonor. 2013-06-29. Mexican modernism and the politics of painting. en-GB. The Guardian. 2020-05-26. 0261-3077.
  18. News: Laurence. Robin. October 26, 2011. Shore, Forest and Beyond: Art From the Audain Collection brings the private into the public. The Georgia Straight. May 26, 2020.
  19. News: February 2, 2022 . Collectors Michael Audain and Yoshiko Karasawa give eight outstanding paintings by Paul-Émile Borduas to MNBAQ . Cision . June 8, 2022.
  20. Web site: Art Collector Michael Audain signs Memorandum of Understanding with RMOW for new art museum. Pique. 2016-11-10.
  21. News: Bozikovic. Alex. Audain Art Museum is an urban cultural statement that stands out. The Globe and Mail. 2016-11-10.
  22. Web site: A promised gift. Atkinson. Cathryn. Pique. 2016-11-10.
  23. Web site: Whistler's Audain Art Museum opens to the public. Baker. Rafferty. March 3, 2016. CBC News. May 26, 2020.
  24. Web site: Haida artist Jim Hart pays tribute to the salmon. Laurence. Robin. 2012-12-04. The Georgia Straight. en. 2020-05-26.
  25. Web site: Fifteen works by painter E.J. Hughes donated to Audain Art Museum. Atkinson. Cathryn. Pique. en. 2020-05-26.
  26. Web site: Mexican modernists opening exhibition at Audain Art Museum. Atkinson. Cathryn. Pique. en. 2020-05-26.
  27. Web site: Dali, Turner art coming to Whistler in new Audain show. Atkinson. Cathryn. Pique. 2016-11-10.
  28. Web site: Audain Art Museum fund gets million-dollar donation. Atkinson. Cathryn. Pique. 2016-11-10.
  29. Web site: Jean Paul Riopelle Foundation Launches in Montreal. Sandals. Leah. Canadian Art. en-US. 2020-05-26.
  30. Web site: Foundation . Jean Paul Riopelle . 2021-12-08 . Official Program of Jean Paul Riopelle's Centenary Celebrations: 2023: Riopelle's Cultural Theme Year... "One With Nature" . 2024-07-24 . www.prnewswire.com . en.
  31. Web site: Foundation . Jean Paul Riopelle . 2022-10-07 . Riopelle's Centenary: Celebrations Officially Launched . 2024-07-24 . www.newswire.ca . en.
  32. Web site: 2023-03-30 . Major Cross-Country Riopelle Centenary Project Launches . 2024-07-24 . Galleries West . en-ca.
  33. Web site: 2023-04-12 . France Celebrates Riopelle Centenary . 2024-07-24 . Galleries West . en-ca.
  34. Web site: 2024-04-12 . Riopelle Symphonique takes a multimedia odyssey through the life and art of iconic Quebec artist . 2024-07-24 . Stir . en-US.
  35. Web site: Mint . Royal Canadian . 2023-10-03 . Royal Canadian Mint Honours Visionary Artist Jean Paul Riopelle on new $2 Circulation Coin . 2024-07-24 . www.newswire.ca . en.
  36. Web site: Lemelin . Sophie . 2024-05-04 . Official Groundbreaking of the Espace Riopelle Pavilion . 2024-07-24 . Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec.
  37. Harris. Michael. The Philanthropist. July 29, 2014. Vancouver Magazine. March 1, 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140903062554/http://www.vanmag.com/News_and_Features/Inside_Vancouver/The_Philanthropist. September 3, 2014.
  38. Web site: Top 100 2019: B.C.'s biggest companies by industry. Mitham. Peter. BCBusiness. en. 2020-05-26. See section on Charities #1.
  39. News: Helfenbaum. Wendy. NationBuilder. Lifestyles Magazine. Winter 2010. Profile on Michael Audain..
  40. Web site: Philanthropist Michael Audain. Nanton. Katie. MONTECRISTO. en-US. 2020-05-26.
  41. News: Shaefer. Glen. 2016-09-09. New foundation aims to protect B.C.'s grizzly bears. en-US. Vancouver Sun. 2017-05-29.
  42. Web site: National Gallery Of Canada Honours Michael Audain and Yoshiko Karasawa for a Decade of Philanthropy. 1 June 2015. Cision Newswire. National Gallery Of Canada.
  43. Web site: Vancouver Art Gallery Foundation Donors. www.vanartgallery.bc.ca. 2020-05-26. Refers to Audain Foundation endowments.
  44. News: da Silva. Michelle. Vancouver Art Gallery student memberships subsidized by Audain Foundation. July 30, 2014. Georgia Straight. September 10, 2013.
  45. News: Griffin . Kevin . November 4, 2021 . Vancouver Art Gallery hopes to start building new downtown home next year . Vancouver Sun . June 7, 2022.
  46. Web site: Chamberlain. Adrian. Audain gives Victoria art gallery a $2-million building boost. 2020-06-02. Times Colonist.
  47. Student Learning: A Visionary Giving Strategy for Visual Arts. July 30, 2014. University of British Columbia.
  48. News: April 4, 2012. Canadian arts philanthropist's $5-million gift creates major new arts centre at UBC. University of British Columbia.
  49. Web site: Reconciliation Pole installed on UBC Vancouver campus. Dickson. Leslie. 2017-03-30. UBC News. 2017-05-29.
  50. News: Mackie. John. July 22, 2020. Audain Foundation endows historical Indigenous art curator at UBC. Vancouver Sun. August 13, 2020.
  51. Web site: Last privately held object from Captain Cook's collection donated to UBC Museum of Anthropology. 2012-03-20. UBC News. en-US. 2020-05-26.
  52. News: Mackie. John. December 9, 2009. Michael Audain gives $2.5 million to UBC Museum of Anthropology. The Vancouver Sun. July 30, 2014.
  53. Web site: SFU receives landmark gift of Bill Reid art. 2011-09-15. Ha-Shilth-Sa Newspaper. en. 2020-05-26.
  54. Web site: SFU News Online - Audain donates $2 million to Contemporary Arts building - January 24, 2008. www.sfu.ca. 2020-05-28.
  55. Web site: Audain Foundation Donates $750,000 to Royal BC Museum. 2011-02-19. Museum Publicity. 2017-05-29.
  56. Web site: YVR Art Foundation Donors. yvraf.com. 2020-05-26.
  57. Web site: Business Leader, Inspiring Philanthropist and Generous Brentwood Grandfather. July 30, 2014. Brentwood College School. mdy-all.
  58. News: Lederman. Marsha. Opening date set for Bill Reid gallery. 2020-05-26. Refers to Audain Foundation donation of $1 million resulting in the naming of the Audain Great Hall..
  59. News: Lindell. Rebecca. New digs for North Van art collection. July 30, 2014. The Globe and Mail. June 26, 2010.
  60. Web site: Audain Distinguished Artist-in-Residence Program. 2012. Emily Carr University of Art + Design. July 16, 2019.
  61. News: Lederman. Marsha. Audain donates $5 million to Emily Carr for visual arts school. July 30, 2014. The Globe and Mail. March 7, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221437/http://license.icopyright.net/user/viewFreeUse.act?fuid=MTgzMzY5ODc%3D. March 3, 2016. dead.
  62. News: Richter. Brent. $4-million gift for new Presentation House Gallery home . Refers to Audain Foundation contributing $2 Million.. 27 November 2014. North Shore News. November 25, 2014.
  63. Web site: Arts Umbrella Announces Major Contributions for Relocation on Granville Island. Lowe. Eric. 2018-03-23. Arts Umbrella. en-US. 2020-05-26.
  64. Web site: 2023-10-22 . Audain Foundation announces $2 million donation to Arts Umbrella at annual Splash Art Auction . 2024-07-24 . Stir . en-US.
  65. News: Laurence. Robin. Whistler Wonders: Michael Audain Builds a Museum - Canadian Art. en-US. Canadian Art. 2017-05-29.
  66. Web site: April 7, 2021 . Audain Foundation donates $4 million for public art at new St. Paul's Hospital . June 8, 2022.
  67. Web site: Québec . Musée national des beaux-arts du . 2024-05-05 . An evening worth its weight in art! . 2024-07-24 . www.newswire.ca . en.
  68. Web site: $100,000 Audain Prize for Visual Art awarded to Stan Douglas. The Audain Foundation. 2019-09-24. GlobeNewswire News Room. 2020-05-26.
  69. Web site: The Audain Travel Award . June 8, 2022.
  70. News: Hume. Mark. New B.C. charity founded to protect province's grizzly bears. The Globe and Mail. 2016-11-10.
  71. Web site: Dark days ahead for British Columbia's grizzly bears. 2017-03-07. marketwired.com/. 2017-05-29.
  72. Book: Isitt. Benjamin. Militant Minority: British Columbia Workers and the Rise of the New Left, 1948-1972. 2011. University of Toronto Press. Toronto. 9781442661882. June 24, 2014. see footnotes 132 and 133.
  73. Book: Wittner. Lawrence S.. The Struggle Against the Bomb. 1997. Stanford University Press. California. 9780804729185. June 24, 2014. Refers to the magazine, Our Generation Against Nuclear War.
  74. News: Lederman. Marsha. B.C. Philanthropist Michael Audain: 'accidental Freedom Rider'. June 24, 2014. The Globe and Mail. 2011.
  75. Web site: Polygon chairman took part in dangerous Freedom Rides, Michael Audain travelled to Jackson, Mississippi in 1961 to join a group of courageous bus riders protesting against racism in the U.S. Simpson. Peter. 2014-09-04. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20140904011040/http://www.gvhba.org/post/329261-polygon-chairman-took-part-in-dangerous#.UzYiCKhdXEU. 2014-09-04. 2020-05-28.
  76. Book: Silver. Carol Ruth. Freedom Rider Diary: Smuggled Notes from Parchman Prison. 2014. University Press of Mississippi. Jackson. 9781617038877. June 24, 2014.
  77. Book: Etheridge. Eric. Breach of Peace – Portraits of the 1961 Mississippi Freedom Riders. 2008. Atlas & Co.. New York. 79, 77, 84, 85 and 228.
  78. Book: Arsenault. Raymond. Freedom Riders – 1961 and the Struggle for Racial Justice. registration. 2006. Oxford University Press. 310, 356, 357, 549 and 631.
  79. News: Mulgrew. Ian. BC Civil Liberties Association marks 50 years of fighting for rights. June 24, 2014. Vancouver Sun. 2012. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140912183603/http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/westcoastnews/story.html?id=b6438bd7-88d5-4633-a29e-337dcf4ee49e. September 12, 2014.
  80. Web site: The Governor General of Canada, Queen Elizabeth II's Golden Jubilee Medal. 2002.
  81. Web site: 2007 Recipient: Michael Audain – West Vancouver : Order of BC. 2007. en. 2020-05-28.
  82. Web site: The Governor General of Canada, Order of Canada. 2009.
  83. Web site: 2012. The Governor General of Canada, Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee Medal.
  84. Web site: Ordre des mécènes . 2024-07-31 . www.ville.quebec.qc.ca.
  85. https://www.ecuad.ca/sites/www.ecuad.ca/files/pages/252074/HD%20Recipients%20to%202013.pdf Doctor of Letters – Emily Carr University of Art + Design
  86. https://www.sfu.ca/ceremonies/honorary-degrees/past_honorary_degrees.html Doctor of Laws – Simon Fraser University
  87. https://www.uvic.ca/universitysecretary/senate/honorary/recipients/ Doctor of Laws – University of Victoria
  88. http://graduation.ubc.ca/event/honorary-degrees/2014-honorary-degree-recipients/ Doctor of Laws – University of British Columbia
  89. https://www.viu.ca/news/art-collector-and-philanthropist-michael-audain-receive-honorary-doctorate-viu Doctor of Laws - Vancouver Island University
  90. Web site: Michael Audain, O.C., O.B.C., LL.D. (Hon) . June 8, 2022.
  91. News: November 14, 2012. 2012 UDI Awards for Excellence. Westcoast Homes & Design.ca. Refers to Michael Audain's induction into Urban Development Institute Hall of Fame..
  92. Web site: Fraser Institute Founders' Award . 20 March 2019 . June 8, 2022.
  93. http://www.businessforthearts.org/awards/edmund-c-bovey-award/edmund-c-bovey-award-winners/ Edmund C. Bovey Award – Business for the Arts
  94. http://museumsassn.bc.ca/awards/outstanding-achievement/recipients/ British Columbia Museums Association Award for Distinguished Service
  95. http://give.sfu.ca/past-dcla-recipients Simon Fraser University President's Distinguished Community Leadership Award
  96. News: The Vancouver Biennale Honoured Yishu's Managing Editor Zheng Shengtian with the 2011 Lifetime Achievement Award. July 23, 2014. Yishu: Journal of Contemporary Chinese Art. November 1, 2011. Refers to Michael Audain receiving the Vancouver Biennale Philanthropy in the Arts Award..
  97. http://vancouver.ca/people-programs/philanthropy.aspx Vancouver Mayor's Arts Award for Philanthropy
  98. http://rca-arc.ca/what-we-do/recognition/medal-recipients/ Royal Canadian Academy of Arts Medal
  99. https://www.boardoftrade.com/news/45-news/2016/864-rix-awards-2017 Greater Vancouver Board of Trade Rix Award for Engaged Community Citizenship
  100. http://www.museums.ca/site/awards Canadian Museums Association President's Award
  101. https://www.raic.org/bc/?p=4957 Royal Architectural Institute of Canada, Metro Vancouver Chapter, Architecture Advocacy Award
  102. Web site: Trek Online - Spring 2019 - Class Acts - Great Trekker - Michael Audain. Alma Mater Society. Trek Magazine UBC. en-US. 2020-05-26.

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