Miami Air International Flight 293 Explained

Date:May 3, 2019
Summary:Runway excursion
Site:St. Johns River, Jacksonville, Florida
Image Upright:1.15
Occurrence Type:Accident
Occupants:143
Passengers:136
Crew:7
Fatalities:0
Injuries:21
Survivors:143
Plane1 Image:N732MA Miami Air International 2001 Boeing 737-81Q C-N 30618 "Maria R" (9908495406).jpg
Plane1 Image Upright:1.15
Plane1 Caption:N732MA, the aircraft involved, photographed in 2013
Aircraft Type:Boeing 737-800
Operator:Miami Air International
Iata:LL293
Icao:BSK293
Callsign:BISCAYNE 293
Tail Number:N732MA
Origin:Leeward Point Field, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba
Destination:Naval Air Station Jacksonville, Florida, United States

Miami Air International Flight 293 was a military charter from Guantanamo Bay to Naval Air Station Jacksonville, operated by Miami Air International. On May 3, 2019, the Boeing 737-800 aircraft operating the flight overran the runway on landing. Twenty-one people were injured. The aircraft was written off, making it the 17th loss of a Boeing 737-800.[1] The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) attributed the accident to hydroplaning caused by heavy rainfall on the ungrooved runway; although the pilots were found to have made a series of errors during final approach and landing, the NTSB concluded that these errors had little effect on the final outcome, as the aircraft would have been unable to stop even if the landing had been executed properly.

Accident

Miami Air International Flight 293 was a supplemental non-scheduled passenger flight from Leeward Point Field, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba to Naval Air Station Jacksonville, Florida. It served to transport military personnel and related civilians.[2] The aircraft, a Boeing 737-800, skidded off the runway at Jacksonville into the St. Johns River while attempting to land in a thunderstorm. Emergency services, including more than 50 firefighters, rescued all 136 passengers and seven crew.[3]

The plane was never submerged; however, many passengers in the front and mid section of the plane were soaked when brackish water entered through breaches in the fuselage. There was also several inches of water in the rows in the back of the plane.[4] Twenty-one people were injured and transported to the hospital, but there were no critical injuries.[5] At least three pets transported in the hold of the aircraft are presumed to have died.[6] Authorities were concerned about fuel spreading in the river and worked to contain it.[7]

Aircraft and crew

The aircraft involved was a Boeing 737-81Q, registered as N732MA, MSN 30618, Line Number 830. The aircraft first flew on April 12, 2001 and was delivered to Miami Air on April 26. The aircraft was equipped with two CFM International CFM56-7B26 engines. At the time of the accident, it had flown for 38,928 hours 57 minutes in 15,610 flights.[8]

The captain was 55-year-old Gabriel Cosentino, who had been with Miami Air since 2008 and had 7,500 flight hours, including 1,000 hours on the Boeing 737. Cosentino was also a check airman at the airline and held several instructor positions. The first officer was 47-year-old Claudio Marcelo Jose La Franca, who had only been with the airline for five months. He had the same amount of flight hours as captain Cosentino (7,500), but only 18 of them were on the Boeing 737.[9]

Investigation

The accident was investigated by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), Boeing, and the United States Navy.[10] [11] Initial causes of the investigation focused on a possible failure of the thrust reverser and the pilot's request to change runways.[12]

The right hand thrust reverser was inoperative at the time of takeoff, as allowed per the master minimum equipment list, which made the thrust reversers unavailable after the aircraft landed.[1]

During the landing approach, the pilot checked in with the Jacksonville tower at 9:22:19 PM; the approach controller advised the pilot to land on Runway 28.[13] The recorded weather conditions at 9:22 PM included heavy rain and thunderstorms with wind from 350° at 4knots. Thunderstorms had begun at 9:04 PM.[13] Although the aircraft was advised to land on Runway 28 (east to west), which is 9000feet long, the pilot requested if the opposite direction (west to east, designated Runway 10) was available at 9:23:25 PM; the tower advised the pilot that rain was building approximately from the approach to Runway 10.[13] In addition, using Runway 10 would reduce the available landing distance to 7800feet due to the displaced threshold resulting from the presence of arresting gear at the west end of the runway.[1]

At 9:24:55 PM, the pilot radioed the tower again to get advice on whether to use Runway 28 or 10; the tower controller said both were "pretty rough" and "pretty socked in", but the winds continued to favor the use of 28. The tower directed the pilot to turn right to a heading of 010° and descend and maintain an altitude of 3000feet at 9:26:11 PM; tower control then directed the pilot to a heading of 040° at 9:27:56 PM.[13] At 9:30:03 PM, the controller advised the pilot the storm was moving east, favoring the approach to Runway 10, and the pilot agreed to redirect to 10. After the pilot was handed off to the radar controller, radar control cleared the aircraft for landing at 9:39:49 PM.[13]

Post-accident investigation showed the aircraft touched down approximately beyond the displaced threshold and veered right, reaching approximately from the Runway 10 centerline at a point from the displaced threshold. At that point, the aircraft had departed from the runway surface, later striking the seawall/embankment.[13]

A week after the accident, the aircraft was lifted onto a barge and floated up the St. Johns River and moved to shore at Reynolds Industrial Park in Green Cove Springs. After the NTSB investigation concluded, the plane was scrapped.[14] The NTSB issued an update to their investigation on May 23, 2019.[13]

On August 4, 2021, the NTSB published its final report, attributing the accident to a lack of runway grooving, which caused hydroplaning on touchdown and poor braking.[15] This was aggravated by the airline's inadequate runway evaluation guidelines, the flight crew's failure to abort the approach (which was unstabilized due to the captain's heavy workload), excessive airspeed on touchdown, the first officer's limited experience in heavy jets like the 737, and the pilots' failure to promptly deploy the speed brakes; however, the NTSB concluded that even if these errors had not occurred, the aircraft would still have been unable to stop under the prevailing conditions.[15] [16] [17]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Ranter . Harro . N732MA accident description . May 4, 2019 . aviation-safety.net . Aviation Safety Network.
  2. News: Vassolo. Martin. Plane carrying 143 slides off runway into river in Jacksonville. No one killed, sheriff says. Miami Herald. subscription. May 4, 2019.
  3. News: May 4, 2019. Boeing 737 skids into Florida river. BBC News. BBC. May 4, 2019.
  4. News: Zaveri. Mihir. Kramer. Margaret. May 3, 2019. Boeing 737 Skids Into St. Johns River in Jacksonville. The New York Times. May 4, 2019. 0362-4331.
  5. News: Koerner. Claudia. May 3, 2019. A Plane Carrying 143 People Slid Off A Runway And Into A River In Florida. BuzzFeed News. May 4, 2019.
  6. News: Paul. Deanna. Iati. Marisa. Donovan-Smith. Orion. Shapira. Ian. May 5, 2019. Pets aboard the plane that crashed into Florida river are presumed dead. The Washington Post. 0190-8286.
  7. News: Scanlan. Dan. May 3, 2019. Airliner skids into St. Johns River at NAS Jacksonville. The Florida Times-Union. dead. May 4, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190504074040/https://www.jacksonville.com/news/20190503/airliner-skids-into-st-johns-river-at-nas-jacksonville. May 4, 2019.
  8. Web site: 2022-09-09 . N732MA Miami Air International Boeing 737-81Q(WL) . 2024-05-13 . www.planespotters.net . en.
  9. News: 2021-04-21. NTSB releases report on 2019 Miami Air crash at NAS Jax. First Coast News. Gannett. 2021-08-04.
  10. News: Plane skids off runway into water; only minor injuries. Osborne. Mark. ABC News. en. May 4, 2019.
  11. News: Boeing 737 Plane With 143 On Board Skids Into St. Johns River In Jacksonville. NPR . en. May 4, 2019.
  12. News: Landing feature failed on Florida plane . BBC News . May 6, 2019.
  13. Web site: May 23, 2019. Investigative Update - 5/23/2019. National Transportation Safety Board. DCA19FA143. May 28, 2019.
  14. News: Crews Hoist crashed Boeing 737 to land . News 4 Jax . Ready. Jennifer. May 9, 2019. May 15, 2019. News 4 Jacksonville.
  15. Poor Braking Conditions Following Heavy Rain Led to 737 Runway Overrun. August 4, 2021. August 4, 2021. ...even if none of those errors occurred, the airplane still would not have stopped on the ungrooved runway because the rainfall rate and runway characteristics contributed to water depths that caused the aircraft to hydroplane.. National Transportation Safety Board.
  16. Web site: August 4, 2021. National Transportation Safety Board Aviation Accident Final Report DCA19MA143. August 4, 2021. National Transportation Safety Board. DCA19MA143.
  17. News: Doening. David. 2021-08-04. NTSB: 'Extreme loss of braking friction' caused plane to slide into St. Johns River. WJXT. Associated Press. 2021-11-17.