MiR-134 explained

miR-134
Symbol:	mir-134
Altsymbols:	MIR134
Rfam:	RF00699
Mirbase:	MI0000474
Mirbase Family:	MIPF0000112
Tax Domain:	Mammalia
Go:	0035195
So:	0001244
Entrezgene:	406924
Hgncid:	31519
Chromosome:	14

miR-134 is a family of microRNA precursors found in mammals, including humans.^[1] MicroRNAs are typically transcribed as ~70 nucleotide precursors and subsequently processed by the Dicer enzyme to give a ~22 nucleotide product.^[2] The excised region or, mature product, of the miR-134 precursor is the microRNA mir-134.

miR-134 was one of a number of microRNAs found to be increasingly expressed in schizophrenia.^[3]

Functions

miR-134 is a brain-specific microRNA; in rats it is localised specifically in hippocampal neurons and may indirectly regulate synaptic development through antisense pairing with LIMK1 mRNA.^{[4] [5]} In the human brain, SIRT1 is thought to mediate CREB protein through miR-134, giving the microRNA a role in higher brain functions such a memory formation.^[6]

miR-134 has also been reported to function in mouse embryonic stem cells as part of a complex network regulating their differentiation.^[7]

Applications

miR-134 levels in circulating blood could potentially be used as a peripheral biomarker for bipolar disorder.^[8]

Notes and References

1. Landgraf P, Rusu M, Sheridan R, Sewer A, Iovino N, Aravin A, Pfeffer S, Rice A, Kamphorst AO, Landthaler M, Lin C, Socci ND, Hermida L, Fulci V, Chiaretti S, Foà R, Schliwka J, Fuchs U, Novosel A, Müller RU, Schermer B, Bissels U, Inman J, Phan Q, Chien M, Weir DB, Choksi R, De Vita G, Frezzetti D, Trompeter HI, Hornung V, Teng G, Hartmann G, Palkovits M, Di Lauro R, Wernet P, Macino G, Rogler CE, Nagle JW, Ju J, Papavasiliou FN, Benzing T, Lichter P, Tam W, Brownstein MJ, Bosio A, Borkhardt A, Russo JJ, Sander C, Zavolan M, Tuschl T . A mammalian microRNA expression atlas based on small RNA library sequencing . Cell . 129 . 7 . 1401–14 . June 2007 . 17604727 . 2681231 . 10.1016/j.cell.2007.04.040 .
2. Ambros V . microRNAs: tiny regulators with great potential . Cell . 107 . 7 . 823–6 . December 2001 . 11779458 . 10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00616-X . free .
3. Santarelli DM, Beveridge NJ, Tooney PA, Cairns MJ . Upregulation of dicer and microRNA expression in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Brodmann area 46 in schizophrenia . Biological Psychiatry . 69 . 2 . 180–7 . January 2011 . 21111402 . 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.09.030 . 1959.13/934011 . 33340677 . free .
4. Schratt GM, Tuebing F, Nigh EA, Kane CG, Sabatini ME, Kiebler M, Greenberg ME . A brain-specific microRNA regulates dendritic spine development . Nature . 439 . 7074 . 283–9 . January 2006 . 16421561 . 10.1038/nature04367 . 2006Natur.439..283S . 2177484 .
5. Tai HC, Schuman EM . MicroRNA: microRNAs reach out into dendrites . Current Biology . 16 . 4 . R121-3 . February 2006 . 16488859 . 10.1016/j.cub.2006.02.006 . free . 2006CBio...16.R121T .
6. Gao J, Wang WY, Mao YW, Gräff J, Guan JS, Pan L, Mak G, Kim D, Su SC, Tsai LH . A novel pathway regulates memory and plasticity via SIRT1 and miR-134 . Nature . 466 . 7310 . 1105–9 . August 2010 . 20622856 . 2928875 . 10.1038/nature09271 . 2010Natur.466.1105G .
7. Tay YM, Tam WL, Ang YS, Gaughwin PM, Yang H, Wang W, Liu R, George J, Ng HH, Perera RJ, Lufkin T, Rigoutsos I, Thomson AM, Lim B . MicroRNA-134 modulates the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells, where it causes post-transcriptional attenuation of Nanog and LRH1 . Stem Cells . 26 . 1 . 17–29 . January 2008 . 17916804 . 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0295 . free .
8. Rong H, Liu TB, Yang KJ, Yang HC, Wu DH, Liao CP, Hong F, Yang HZ, Wan F, Ye XY, Xu D, Zhang X, Chao CA, Shen QJ . MicroRNA-134 plasma levels before and after treatment for bipolar mania . Journal of Psychiatric Research . 45 . 1 . 92–5 . January 2011 . 20546789 . 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.04.028 .