Metropolitan Police Explained

Agencyname:Metropolitan Police Service
Commonname:The Met[1]
Abbreviation:MPS[2]
Logocaption:Logo
Badge:Badge of the Metropolitan Police Service (Elizabeth II).svg
Badgecaption:Current badge (St. Edward's Crown) as of July 2024
Flag:File:Flag of the Metropolitan Police Service (Elizabeth II).svg
Flagcaption:Current flag (St. Edward's Crown) as of July 2024
Formed:[3]
Preceding1:Bow Street Runners[4]
Preceding2:Thames River Police[5]
Employees:43,571 in total[6]
32,493 police officers
9,816 police staff
1,262 PCSOs
Budget:£4.43 billion[7]
Legalpersonality:Police force
Country:United Kingdom
Countryabbr:UK
Subdivname:Greater London
Map:England Police Forces (Metropolitan).svg
Sizearea:1578km2
Sizepopulation:8.95 million (2019/20)[8]
Legaljuris:England and Wales
(throughout the whole of the United Kingdom, including Scotland and Northern Ireland, under certain limited circumstances)
Governingbody:Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime
Governingbodyscnd:Home Office
Constitution1:Metropolitan Police Act 1829
Constitution2:Metropolitan Police Act 1839
Constitution3:Police Act 1996
Police:Yes
Local:Yes
Oversightbody:
Headquarters:New Scotland Yard, Westminster, London, England
Sworntype:Police officer
Sworn:32,493 full time
1,858 special constables
Unsworntype:PCSO
Unsworn:1,262
Electeetype:Deputy Mayor for Policing and Crime
Minister1name:Sophie Linden
Chief1name:Sir Mark Rowley
Chief1position:Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis
Chief2name:Dame Lynne Owens[9]
Chief2position:Deputy Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis

The Metropolitan Police Service (MPS), formerly known as the Metropolitan Police, which is still its common name, serves as the territorial police force responsible for law enforcement and crime prevention within Greater London. In addition, it is responsible for specialised tasks throughout the United Kingdom, such as dealing with counter-terrorism throughout the UK, and the protection of certain individuals, including the monarch, royal family, governmental officials,[10] and other designated figures. Commonly referred to as the Met, it is also referred to as Scotland Yard or the Yard, after the location of its original headquarters in Great Scotland Yard, Whitehall in the 19th century.[11] The Met is presently headquartered at New Scotland Yard, on the Victoria Embankment.[12]

The main geographical area covered by the Met, the Metropolitan Police District, consists of the 32 London boroughs,[13] and excludes the square mile of the City of London — a largely non-residential and financial district, overseen by the City of London Police. As the force responsible for the majority of UK's capital, the Met has significant responsibilities and unique challenges, such as protecting 164 foreign embassies and High Commissions,[14] policing London City and Heathrow airports, protecting the Palace of Westminster, and managing a higher volume of protests and events than any other British police force, with 3,500 such events in 2016.

The force, by officer numbers, ranks as the largest police force within the United Kingdom and among the largest globally.[15] Excluding its national roles, the Met oversees the eighth-smallest primary geographic area (police area) compared to other territorial police forces in the UK.

The force operates under the leadership of the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis, directly accountable to the Mayor of London, through the Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime and the Home Office. The post of commissioner was first held jointly by Sir Charles Rowan and Sir Richard Mayne, with Sir Mark Rowley currently holding the position since July 2022.[16]

History

See main article: History of the Metropolitan Police. The Metropolitan Police Service was founded in 1829 by Home Secretary Sir Robert Peel under the Metropolitan Police Act 1829 and on 29 September of that year, the first constables of the service appeared on the streets of London.[17] Ten years later, Metropolitan Police Act 1839 consolidated policing within London by expanding the Metropolitan Police District and either abolishing or amalgamating the various other law enforcement entities within London into the Metropolitan Police such as the Thames River Police and the Bow Street Runners.[18] [19]

Governance

Since January 2012, the Mayor of London is responsible for the governance of the Metropolitan Police through the Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime (MOPAC).[20] The mayor is able to appoint someone to act on his behalf., the office-holder is the deputy mayor for policing and crime, Sophie Linden.[21] The work of MOPAC is scrutinised by the Police and Crime Committee (also known as a police and crime panel) of the London Assembly. These structures were created by the Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011 and replaced the Metropolitan Police Authority-appointed board created in 2000 by Greater London Authority Act 1999.

Before 2000, the Metropolitan Police was under the authority of the Home Secretary, the only British territorial police force to be administered by central government. The Metropolitan Police Office (MPO), although based at Scotland Yard, was a department of the Home Office created in 1829 and was responsible for the force's day-to-day administration. Under the authority of the receiver, a civilian official who was equivalent in rank to the deputy commissioner and served as the force's chief financial officer, it was headed by a civilian secretary, who was equivalent in rank to the assistant commissioners.[22]

Police area and other forces

The area policed by the Metropolitan Police Service is known as the Metropolitan Police District (MPD). The Met was divided into 32 Borough Operational Command Units that directly aligned with the 32 London boroughs covered. This situation has changed since 2017, as the Met has attempted to save money due to cuts in funding. The MPD is now divided into 12 Basic Command Units (BCUs) made up of two, three or four boroughs. There is criticism of these changes.[23] The City of London (which is not a London borough) is a separate police area and is the responsibility of the separate City of London Police.

The Ministry of Defence Police is responsible for policing of Ministry of Defence property throughout the United Kingdom, including its headquarters in Whitehall and other MoD establishments across the MPD.[24]

The British Transport Police (BTP) are responsible for policing of the rail network in Great Britain, including London. Within London, they are also responsible for the policing of the London Underground, London Trams, the London Cable Car and the Docklands Light Railway.[25]

The English part of the Royal Parks Constabulary, which patrolled a number of Greater London's major parks, was merged with the Metropolitan Police in 2004, and those parks are now policed by the Royal Parks Operational Command Unit.[26] There is also a small park police force, the Kew Constabulary, responsible for the Royal Botanic Gardens, whose officers have full police powers within the park. A few local authorities maintain their own borough park constabularies, including Wandsworth Parks and Events Police, Kensington and Chelsea Parks Police, Havering Parks Constabulary and the Hampstead Heath Constabulary. All of these enjoy powers of arrest without warrant as constables;[27] however, the officers of the last mentioned have full police powers, much like officers of the Metropolitan Police, on the heath, whereas the other parks' police primarily focus on by-law enforcement.

Metropolitan Police officers have legal jurisdiction throughout all of England and Wales, including areas that have their own special police forces, such as the Ministry of Defence, as do all police officers of territorial police forces.[28] Officers also have limited powers in Scotland and Northern Ireland.[29] Within the MPD, the Met will take over the investigation of any serious crime from the Ministry of Defence Police and to a lesser degree BTP, if it is deemed appropriate. Terrorist incidents and complex murder enquiries will almost always be investigated by the Met,[30] [31] with the assistance of any relevant specialist force, even if they are committed on Ministry of Defence or railway property. A minor incursion into the normal jurisdiction of territorial police officers in England and Wales is that Met officers involved in the protection duties of the Royal Family and other VIPs have full police powers in Scotland and Northern Ireland in connection with those duties.[32]

Organisation and structure

See main article: Organisation and structure of the Metropolitan Police Service.

The Metropolitan Police Service is organised into the following directorates:[33]

Each is overseen by an assistant commissioner or, in the case of administrative departments, a director of police staff, which is the equivalent civilian staff grade. The management board is made up of the commissioner, deputy commissioner, assistant commissioners and directors.

Ranks

See also: Police ranks of the United Kingdom.

The Metropolitan Police Service uses the standard British police ranks, indicated by epaulettes, up to chief superintendent, but uniquely has five ranks above that level instead of the standard three: commander, deputy assistant commissioner, assistant commissioner, deputy commissioner and commissioner.[34] All senior officers of the rank of Commander and above are chief police officers of NPCC (previously ACPO) rank.

The Met approved the use of name badges in October 2003, with new recruits wearing the Velcro badges from September 2004. The badge consists of the wearer's rank, followed by their surname.[35] All officers are assigned a unique identification number which includes a two-letter BCU (Basic Command Unit) code.

Following controversy over assaults by uniformed officers with concealed shoulder identification numbers during the G20 summit,[36] Commissioner Sir Paul Stephenson said, "the public has a right to be able to identify any uniformed officer whilst performing their duty" by their shoulder identification numbers.[37]

Insignia

The Met uniformed officer rank structure, with epaulette design, is as follows (from highest to lowest):The Met also has several active Volunteer Police Cadet units, which maintain their own internal rank structure.[38] The Metropolitan Special Constabulary is a contingent of part-time volunteer police officers and is attached to most Borough Operational Command Units. The Metropolitan Special Constabulary Ranks are as follows (from lowest to highest):The prefix "woman" in front of female officers' ranks has been obsolete since 1999. Members of the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) up to and including the rank of chief superintendent prefix their ranks with "detective". Detective ranks are equivalent in rank to their uniform counterparts. Other departments, such as Special Branch and Child Protection, award non-detectives "branch detective" status, allowing them to use the "Detective" prefix. None of these detective ranks confer on the holder any extra pay or supervisory authority compared to their uniformed colleagues.

Workforce

The following is the current released workforce data for the ranks. The chief officers rank covers all senior ranks as well as special constables covering all special constable ranks.

Arms

Escutcheon:Azure, a portcullis chained within a double tressure flory counterflory Argent.
Crest:On a wreath Argent and Azure, three arrows, one in pale and two in saltire, barbs downward, Proper, banded Azure and ensigned by the Royal Crown proper.
Supporters:On either side a lion rampant guardant Argent, gorged with a collar Azure charged alternately with bezants and bees volant, grasping in the interior paw a column Or.
style=width:15.7em
Badge
A roundel azure, thereon the Royal Cypher of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second argent within a circlet azure fimbriated and inscribed with words 'Metropolitan Police' in letters argent, the whole upon a star of eight major and fifty-six lesser points argent, ensigned by the Royal Crown proper.

Police officers

The Metropolitan Police Service includes full-time, paid officers known as 'regulars', and part-time, voluntary officers from the Metropolitan Special Constabulary. Both regulars and specials enjoy full police powers, wear the same uniform, and carry the same kit. As elsewhere in the UK, 'regulars' are not employees, but rather Crown servants, and holders of the Office of Constable.

Historic numbers

*include temporary constables from war period

^includes 753 officers policing Woolwich Arsenal and Her Majesty's Dockyards in Chatham, Portsmouth, Pembroke, Devonport and Rosyth.

Present numbers

Staff and PCSOs

The Met's Police Staff are non-warranted civilians, including police community support officers (PCSOs), designated detention officers (DDOs), and many other civilian roles.[60] The Met was the first constabulary to introduce PCSOs in September 2002. Their numbers are currently:

Resources

Fleet

, the Met operates and maintains a fleet of around 5,200 vehicles. In 2018, the fleet covered .[63] The fleet comprises numerous vehicles, including:[64]

The majority of vehicles have a service life of three to five years; the Met replaces or upgrades between 800 and 1,000 vehicles each year. Vehicles were initially maintained and repaired on contract by Babcock International; from November 2023, the contract for 3,700 of the Met's 5,200 vehicles was undertaken by Rivus Fleet Solutions for a ten-year period.[66] Rivus fell into administration on 21 June 2024, with a deal being agreed by the Metropolitan Police to buy back its maintenance operations, saving 165 jobs.[67]

By 2012, the Met was marking all new marked vehicles with Battenburg markings, a highly reflective material on the side of the vehicles, chequered blue and yellow green for the police, and in other colours for other services.[68] The old livery was an orange stripe through the vehicle, with the force's logo, known colloquially as the 'jam sandwich', which was first introduced in 1978 with the delivery of high-performance Rover SD1 traffic cars.[69] Originally, marked vehicles were finished in base white paint; this was changed to silver from 2002 to help improve a vehicle's resale value when it was retired from police use.[70]

The National Police Air Service provides helicopter support to the Met.

A marine policing unit operates 22 vessels from its base in Wapping.

Budget

Funding for the Metropolitan Police has been cut due to austerity. Changes in the way the government pays for police pensions will lead to further cuts.[71] Its expenditure for single years, not adjusted for inflation, has been:[72]

!Year!Amount!Notes
1829/30£194,126
1848£437,441
1873£1.1million
1898£1.8million
1923£7.8million
1948£12.6million
1973£95million
1998/9£2.03billion
2011/12£3.69billion£2.754billion was spent on staff wages[73] [74]
2017/18£3.26billion[75]

Specialist units

Stations

In addition to the headquarters at New Scotland Yard, there are many police stations in London.[90] These range from large borough headquarters staffed around the clock every day to smaller stations, which may be open to the public only during normal business hours, or on certain days of the week. In 2017, there were 73 working front counters open to the public in London.[91] Most police stations can easily be identified from one or more blue lamps located outside the entrance, which were introduced in 1861.

The oldest Metropolitan police station, which opened in Bow Street in 1881, closed in 1992 and the adjoining Bow Street Magistrates' Court heard its last case on 14 July 2006.[92] One of the oldest operational police stations in London is in Wapping, which opened in 1908. It is the headquarters of the marine policing unit (formerly known as Thames Division), which is responsible for policing the River Thames. It also houses a mortuary and the River Police Museum. Paddington Green Police Station, which is no longer operational, received much publicity for its housing of terrorism suspects in an underground complex prior to its closure in 2017.

In 2004, there was a call from the Institute for Public Policy Research for more imaginative planning of police stations to aid in improving relations between police forces and the wider community.[93]

Statistics

Crime figures

See also: Crime in London. Crimes reported within the Metropolitan Police District, selected by quarter centuries.[94]

Detection rates

The following table shows the percentage detection rates for the Metropolitan Police by offence group for 2010/11.[96]

TotalViolence against the personSexual offencesRobberyBurglaryOffences against vehiclesOther theft offencesFraud and forgeryCriminal damageDrug offencesOther offences
Metropolitan Police24 35 23 17 11 5 14 16 13 91 63
England and Wales28 44 30 21 13 11 22 24 14 94 69

The Metropolitan Police Service "screened out" 34,164 crimes the day they were reported in 2017 and did not investigate them further. This compares to 13,019 the previous year. 18,093 crimes were closed in 24 hours during the first 5 months of 2018 making it likely that the 2017 total will be exceeded. Crimes not being investigated include sexual assaults and arson, burglaries, thefts and assaults. Some critics believe this shows the effect of austerity on the force's ability to carry out its responsibilities.[97]

Controversies

See also: History of the Metropolitan Police, Institutional racism in the Metropolitan Police and Institutional sexism in the Metropolitan Police. The Met was controversial even before its formation in 1829. Since the 1970s, such controversies have often centred on institutional racism and institutional sexism within the organisation, along with the right to protest, failures in investigations, and officers belonging to proscribed organisations.

In 2023, a report on the Metropolitan Police found that the organisation was rife with racism, misogyny, and homophobia, and was corrupt. A 363-page report written by Louise Casey, Baroness Casey of Blackstock was commissioned after the abduction of Sarah Everard by Wayne Couzens, a police constable. The report stated that 12% of female Met employees had been harassed or attacked, with 33% experiencing sexism. Other incidents include a Muslim officer who had bacon stuffed into his boots and a Sikh officer whose beard was cut. The report also found that officers of minority ethnic backgrounds were more likely to be disciplined and leave the force.[98] The report was criticised by the charity Galop for not investigating transphobia.[99] Five former officers admitted in court in 2023 to sending racist messages, the targets of which included the Duchess of Sussex, and a sixth was convicted after a trial. All six were given suspended jail sentences. [100] [101]

On 1 January 2024 the Metropolitan Police were condemned by former Prime Minister Boris Johnson for allegedly demonstrating political bias and double standards in their handling of pro-Hamas demonstrations, and their efforts to support an investigation into alleged Israeli war crimes following Israel's response to terror attacks committed by Hamas on 7 October. The Met released a statement in response stating, "As the UK's investigative authority for war crimes, counter-terrorism policing – through the Met's war crimes team – has a responsibility to support ICC investigations. The ICC opened an investigation in 2019 into alleged war crimes in Israel and Palestine." The spokesman added that "under the terms of the 1998 Rome Statute, our war crimes team is obliged to support any investigations opened by the ICC that could involve British subjects" and said the posters were put up to meet that obligation. With higher volumes of British nationals and UK-based individuals currently returning from Israel, Gaza and nearby countries, we anticipate there may be people who have evidence or relevant information to the ICC investigation," said the spokesman. "We are therefore signposting people to reporting routes where appropriate. The Met's Counter-Terrorism Command also continues to gather direct information and evidence relating to the terrorist attack in Israel on Oct 7 in support of the UK coronial investigations into British nationals who were killed during those attacks. At this time, there is no UK-based investigation by the war crimes team linked to the current events in the Middle East."[102]

In April 2024, the Met settled a claim for misfeasance in a public office and false imprisonment by agreeing to pay a five-figure sum as damages to a French publisher who had been arrested and detained under anti-terrorism laws while he was on his way to a book fair in London.[103]

2024 Report by His Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services

In August 2024, a report by His Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services said that the Met was rated inadequate or failing regarding crime investigations and managing offenders. It was rated as requiring improvement in five other areas, and as adequate in one.[104]

See also

Other London emergency services:

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Metropolitan Police Service – Homepage . Metropolitan Police . 2 April 2009 . 6 May 2009 . 8 July 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170708143925/https://www.met.police.uk/ . live .
  2. Web site: Contacts: MPS . MPA . 2 June 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120114043946/http://www.mpa.gov.uk/contact/policecontacts/ . 14 January 2012 .
  3. Web site: Metropolitan Police Service – History of the Metropolitan Police Service . Metropolitan Police . 6 May 2009 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090426000459/http://www.met.police.uk/history/timeline1829-1849.htm . 26 April 2009 .
  4. Web site: The Bow street runners – Victorian Policeman by Simon Dell OBE QCB – Devon & Cornwall Constabulary . https://web.archive.org/web/20031013215527/http://www.devon-cornwall.police.uk/v3/about/history/vicpolice/bow.htm . dead . 13 October 2003 . Devon-cornwall.police.uk . 6 May 2009 .
  5. Web site: Policing the Port of London – Crime and punishment . Port Cities . 6 May 2009 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20121005075440/http://www.portcities.org.uk/london/server/show/ConNarrative.ho125/chapterId/2588/Policing-the-Port-of-London.html . 5 October 2012 .
  6. Web site: The structure the Met . www.met.police.uk . en-gb . 23 June 2020 . 25 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170625052018/https://www.met.police.uk/about-the-met/structure/ . live .
  7. Web site: London Police Budget 2023 . 14 September 2023 . 18 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230918105906/https://www.statista.com/statistics/864491/london-police-budget-size/ . live .
  8. Web site: Metropolitan Police Service . His Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services . 26 May 2021 . 9 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210509214131/https://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmicfrs/police-forces/metropolitan/ . live .
  9. Web site: Dame Lynne Owens announced as Met Deputy Commissioner . 20 February 2023 . Metropolitan Police . 21 February 2023 . 29 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230329073611/https://news.met.police.uk/news/dame-lynne-owens-announced-as-met-deputy-commissioner-462334 . dead .
  10. Web site: MPA — Metropolitan Police dedicated to protecting the United Kingdom from terrorism . whitehallpages.net . 22 July 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110724131809/http://www.whitehallpages.net/news/archive/6064 . 24 July 2011.
  11. Douglas Browne (1956) The Rise of Scotland Yard: A History of the Metropolitan Police
  12. Web site: New Met HQ officially 'Topped Out' by Commissioner and Deputy Mayor. December 2015. live. 17 March 2021. 9 July 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184921/https://www.london.gov.uk//press-releases/mayoral/new-met-hq-officially-topped-out.
  13. Web site: The Met's area of jurisdiction The Met . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20201023151348/https://www.met.police.uk/police-forces/metropolitan-police/areas/about-us/about-the-met/jurisdiction/ . 23 October 2020 . 6 March 2019 . www.met.police.uk.
  14. Web site: MPS Business Plan 2017–18 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190323124611/https://www.met.police.uk/SysSiteAssets/foi-media/metropolitan-police/priorities_and_how_we_are_doing/corporate/mps_business_plan_2017_2018.pdf . 23 March 2019 . 6 October 2018.
  15. Web site: Metropolitan Police Authority . 20 July 2006 . MPA . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20060719203122/http://www.mpa.gov.uk/default.htm . 19 July 2006 .
  16. Web site: Mark Rowley appointed new commissioner of Met police . . 8 July 2022 . 20 December 2023 . 25 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230325085941/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/jul/08/mark-rowley-appointed-new-commissioner-of-the-metropolitan-police . live .
  17. News: September 29: On This Day in History . OnThisDay.com . 28 September 2017 . en . 28 September 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170928150704/http://www.onthisday.com/day/september/29 . live .
  18. Book: Britain, Great. The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. 1841. Eyre and Strahan. en. 4 May 2021. 15 August 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210815151907/https://books.google.com/books?id=VKRFAAAAcAAJ&q=police&pg=PA270. live.
  19. Web site: Thames Police – History Page. www.thamespolicemuseum.org.uk. 14 March 2017. 5 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171005164252/http://www.thamespolicemuseum.org.uk/h_police_3.html. live.
  20. Web site: The Mayor at MOPAC. 15 April 2015. London City Hall. en. 7 April 2019. 7 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190407031026/https://www.london.gov.uk//what-we-do/mayors-office-policing-and-crime-mopac/about-mayors-office-policing-and-crime-mopac/mayor-mopac. live.
  21. Web site: The Deputy Mayor for Policing and Crime. 15 April 2015. London City Hall. en. 7 April 2019. 7 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190407030840/https://www.london.gov.uk//what-we-do/mayors-office-policing-and-crime-mopac/about-mayors-office-policing-and-crime-mopac/deputy-mayor-policing-and-crime. live.
  22. Obituary of Sir Richard Jackson, The Times, 18 February 1975
  23. News: Met to merge all policing boroughs . 12 February 2018 . BBC News . 6 October 2018 . en-GB . 6 October 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181006194634/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-43033510 . live .
  24. Web site: Ministry of Defence Police . 28 December 2008 . MOD . 5 November 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181105103647/http://modpoliceofficers.co.uk/ . live .
  25. http://www.btp.police.uk/about_us.aspx About us
  26. Web site: Policing the Royal Parks – keeping you safe in the Royal Parks . Royalparks.org.uk . 1 April 2004 . 6 May 2009 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090219220809/http://www.royalparks.org.uk/about/police.cfm . 19 February 2009 .
  27. Web site: Parks Police Services – Powers, Statutory Purpose and Use of Stop & Search – a Freedom of Information request to Wandsworth Borough Council. 3 June 2020. 3 December 2020. 15 August 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210815072924/https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/668480/response/1584347/attach/4/P%20EP%20Enforcement%20Policy.pdf?cookie_passthrough=1. live.
  28. Web site: Police Act 1996 . www.legislation.gov.uk . 10 March 2017 . 13 November 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171113113752/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/16/section/30 . live .
  29. Web site: Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 . www.legislation.gov.uk . 10 March 2017 . 12 March 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170312173140/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1994/33/section/137 . live .
  30. Web site: A protocol between police forces and the Ministry of Defence police – Home Office . webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk . dead . http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130125102358/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/about-us/corporate-publications-strategy/home-office-circulars/circulars-2008/028-2008/ . 25 January 2013.
  31. Web site: Archived copy . 10 March 2017 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170312051348/http://www.met.police.uk/foi/pdfs/policies/railways_impact.pdf . 12 March 2017.
  32. Web site: Police Act 1996 . www.legislation.gov.uk . 10 March 2017 . 12 March 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170312173134/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/16/section/99 . live .
  33. Web site: Home – The Met. content.met.police.uk. 30 September 2018. 30 September 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180930231646/https://www.met.police.uk/police-forces/metropolitan-police/areas/about-us/about-the-met/senior-management-team/. dead.
  34. Web site: Badges of Rank . 19 July 2006 . Metropolitan Police Service . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20060718172407/http://www.met.police.uk/about/ranks.htm . 18 July 2006.
  35. Web site: Clerk and Treasurer . Report 4 of the 20 Oct 03 meeting of the Co-ordination and Policing Committee: Introduction of name badges . https://web.archive.org/web/20120220061603/http://www.mpa.gov.uk/committees/x-cop/2003/031020/04/ . 20 February 2012 . 20 October 2003 . . 3 June 2014.
  36. News: Met suspends G20 footage officer . . 15 April 2009 . 6 May 2009 . 8 September 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170908194636/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/7999277.stm . live .
  37. News: Police begin G20 tactics review . . 16 April 2009 . 6 May 2009 . 2 August 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200802065639/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/8000246.stm . live .
  38. Web site: Volunteer Police Cadets . 19 July 2006 . Metropolitan Police Service . 23 March 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190323124621/https://www.met.police.uk/cadets/ . dead .
  39. Book: Commons, Great Britain Parliament House of. Accounts and Papers of the House of Commons. 1852. Ordered to be printed. en. 25 September 2020. 14 August 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210814120116/https://books.google.com/books?id=w6RbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA279. live.
  40. Book: Judicial Statistics, England and Wales. 1867. H.M. Stationery Office. en. 17 November 2020. 18 August 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210818145040/https://books.google.com/books?id=EVBJAAAAYAAJ&q=Judicial+Statistics%2C+England+and+Wales. live.
  41. Book: Commons, Great Britain Parliament House of. Judicial Statistics, England and Wales: 1877,1 (1878). 1878. H.M. Stationery Office. en. 17 November 2020. 16 August 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210816094122/https://books.google.com/books?id=CfD47IlWXH4C&q=Judicial+Statistics%2C+England+and+Wales&pg=PR35. live.
  42. Web site: METROPOLITAN POLICE (NUMBERS). (Hansard, 2 March 1888). api.parliament.uk. en-GB. 29 May 2018. 30 May 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180530034934/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1888/mar/02/metropolitan-police-numbers. live.
  43. Raymond B. Fosdick, European Police Systems, 1915. Figures at 31 December 1912, including 33 superintendents, 607 chief inspectors and inspectors, 2,747 sergeants and 17,142 constables.
  44. Web site: Metropolitan Police – Hansard. hansard.parliament.uk. 13 April 2019. 7 February 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200207001836/https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/1929-02-25/debates/e9071546-ce7b-4fee-9e9c-5551abe5798f/MetropolitanPolice?highlight=metropolitan%20police%20strength#contribution-84ac8ccc-a606-4074-bf2c-e50b086737f4. live.
  45. Web site: Metropolitan Police Force – Hansard. hansard.parliament.uk. 13 April 2019. 31 December 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191231180602/https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/1945-06-05/debates/bd001248-9262-43d6-94da-60fb6bf569b3/MetropolitanPoliceForce?highlight=metropolitan%20police%20strength#contribution-8f9d3fcf-e01c-40d8-8ec4-0af48444af42. live.
  46. Report of the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis for the Year 1952. Included 35 chief superintendents (including one woman), 12 detective chief superintendents, 62 superintendents (including one woman), 16 detective superintendents, 128 chief inspectors (including five women), 64 detective chief inspectors (including one woman), 20 station inspectors, 465 inspectors (including four women), 140 detective inspectors (including one woman), 441 station sergeants, 202 1st class detective sergeants, 1,834 sergeants (including 32 women), 414 2nd class detective sergeants (including six women), 11,951 constables (including 310 women), and 615 detective constables (including 27 women). The official establishment was 20,045.
  47. The Thin Blue Line, Police Council for Great Britain Staff Side Claim for Undermanning Supplements, 1965
  48. https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199596/cmhansrd/vo960226/text/60226w27.htm Hansard
  49. https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200001/cmhansrd/vo010423/text/10423w32.htm Hansard
  50. http://www.london.gov.uk/view_press_release.jsp?releaseid=1657 GLA press release
  51. Web site: MPS Police officer, staff and PCSO numbers: 31/03/09 . 18 July 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110814141530/http://www.mpa.gov.uk/statistics/annual-police-numbers/ . 14 August 2011 .
  52. Web site: MPS Police officer, staff and PCSO numbers: 31/03/10 . 18 July 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110814141530/http://www.mpa.gov.uk/statistics/annual-police-numbers/ . 14 August 2011 .
  53. Web site: MPS Police officer, staff and PCSO numbers: 31/03/11 . 7 January 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120127200533/http://www.mpa.gov.uk/statistics/annual-police-numbers/ . 27 January 2012 .
  54. Web site: Police Workforce Data, 2013: 13/03/13. 23 May 2015. 23 May 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140523230648/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/223493/police-workforce-tabs-mar13.ods. live.
  55. Web site: Police Workforce Data, 2014: 14/03/14. 23 May 2015. 12 November 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141112123838/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/337328/police-workforce-tabs-mar14.ods. live.
  56. Web site: Police Service Strength, House of Commons Library Briefing Paper 00634 23 March 2018: 23/03/18. 3 October 2018. 11 September 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180911042357/http://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/SN00634/SN00634.pdf. live.
  57. Web site: About the Met - Structure .
  58. Web site: Taser Usage in the MPS . 16 August 2023 . 16 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230816185710/https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/991823/response/2347415/attach/3/attachment.docx?cookie_passthrough=1 . live .
  59. Web site: The Structure of the Met . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200811224245/https://www.met.police.uk/police-forces/metropolitan-police/areas/about-us/about-the-met/structure/ . 11 August 2020 . 2 January 2020.
  60. Web site: Metropolitan Police PCSO . Metropolitan Police . 2 June 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100408130445/http://www.met.police.uk/careers/pcso/ . 8 April 2010 .
  61. News: Police workforce, England and Wales: 30 September 2017. en. GOV.UK. 29 May 2018. 13 November 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181113232510/https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/police-workforce-england-and-wales-30-september-2017. live.
  62. Web site: The Structure of the Met . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200811224245/https://www.met.police.uk/police-forces/metropolitan-police/areas/about-us/about-the-met/structure/ . 11 August 2020 . 15 February 2020.
  63. Web site: Freedom of Information Request – Fleet Mileage & Accident Statistics. 25 February 2019. 26 March 2019. 28 March 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190328124633/https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/fleet_mileage_and_accident_stati. live.
  64. Web site: Freedom of Information request – list of vehicles currently owned/operated by the Metropolitan Police Service. February 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120117022326/http://www.met.police.uk/foi/pdfs/disclosure_2011/february/2011010002376.pdf . 17 January 2012 .
  65. Web site: Davenport. Justin. 31 October 2017. Met chiefs reveal harsh new tactics in battle against moped gangs. 27 April 2021. www.standard.co.uk. en. 27 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210427123554/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/crime/scotland-yard-unveil-new-tactics-in-crackdown-on-moped-gangs-including-new-scrambler-bikes-to-chase-down-suspects-and-stinger-spikes-a3672366.html. live.
  66. Web site: Roberts . Gareth . Rivus strikes maintenance and repair fleet deal with Met Police . FleetNews . 2 March 2023 . 8 July 2023 . 8 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230708194242/https://www.fleetnews.co.uk/news/fleet-industry-news/2023/03/02/rivus-strikes-maintenance-and-repair-fleet-deal-with-met-police . live .
  67. News: Middleton . Natalie . Met Police buys Rivus business and assets following collapse . 25 June 2024 . fleetworld . 25 June 2024 . St Albans.
  68. News: . 19 November 2012 . Met Police cars to have Battenburg livery . BBC News . 9 July 2023 . 9 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230709070639/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-20393064 . live .
  69. News: New look for police cars . Westminster and Pimlico News . 14 July 1978 . 41 . . 14 November 2023 . 14 November 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231114205504/https://www.newspapers.com/article/westminster-and-pimlico-news-new-look-fo/133726425/ . live .
  70. News: Gibbs . Nick . Silver lining for the Met . 14 June 2002 . Evening Standard . London . 99 . . 18 November 2023 . 18 November 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231118150317/https://www.newspapers.com/article/evening-standard-silver-lining-for-the-m/135385999/ . live .
  71. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/london-met-police-pensions-money-extra-cost-a8588926.html London's cash-strapped police must find £130m per year to pay extra pensions costs despite 'end of austerity'
  72. Book: Fido, Martin . Official Encyclopedia of Scotland Yard . Keith Skinner . 2000 . Virgin . 978-1-85227-712-3. 56 .
  73. Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime and Group. Statement of Accounts 2014/15 . See the outturn column in the table on page vi.
  74. Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime. Statement of Accounts 2011/12 .
  75. Web site: Police funding – who's paying the Bill?. 6 October 2017. 24 September 2018. 24 September 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180924145142/https://www.london.gov.uk/about-us/london-assembly/london-assembly-publications/police-funding-whos-paying-bill. live.
  76. Web site: Home – The Met. content.met.police.uk. 3 December 2016. 18 February 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120218105644/http://content.met.police.uk/Site/protectioncommand. live.
  77. Web site: Home – The Met. content.met.police.uk. 1 December 2016. 18 February 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120218110032/http://content.met.police.uk/Site/securitycommand. live.
  78. Web site: Home – The Met. content.met.police.uk. 3 December 2016. 8 December 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141208180710/http://content.met.police.uk/Site/roadsandtransport. live.
  79. Web site: New team driving down road crime in the capital Road Safety Support. 27 April 2021. www.roadsafetysupport.co.uk. 27 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210427123604/https://www.roadsafetysupport.co.uk/news/new-team-driving-down-road-crime-capital. live.
  80. Web site: Home – The Met. content.met.police.uk. 1 December 2016. 4 May 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130504191911/http://content.met.police.uk/Site/sco19/. live.
  81. Web site: Home – The Met. content.met.police.uk. 1 December 2016. 26 November 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161126201251/http://content.met.police.uk/Site/dogsupportunit. live.
  82. Web site: Dog Support Unit – History. Metropolitan Police. 4 June 2015. 3 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233403/http://content.met.police.uk/Article/History/1400009457612/dogsupportunit. live.
  83. Web site: Home – The Met. content.met.police.uk. 1 December 2016. 4 July 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120704073123/http://content.met.police.uk/Site/marinepolicingunit. live.
  84. Web site: Home – The Met. content.met.police.uk. 3 December 2016. 15 August 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120815013120/http://content.met.police.uk/Site/mountedbranch. live.
  85. Web site: Mounted Branch – Introduction. Metropolitan Police. 13 June 2010. dead. http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20060711093022/http://www.met.police.uk/mountedbranch/index.htm. 11 July 2006.
  86. Web site: Disturbances in Tottenham, Tottenham Hale and Wood Green Saturday 6th – Sunday 7th August 2011. live. 14 October 2021. University of St. Andrews. 25 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220225131942/https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/10023/17650/Supplementary_Material_Triangulated_Account.pdf?sequence=1.
  87. Web site: Home – The Met. content.met.police.uk. 3 December 2016. 26 November 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161126201507/http://content.met.police.uk/Site/tsg. live.
  88. Web site: Metropolitan Police Service Business Plan progress update 2018–19, Quarter 1 (April to June 2018). live. 14 October 2021. Metropolitan Police Service. 5 March 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220305113326/https://www.met.police.uk/SysSiteAssets/media/downloads/force-content/met/about-us/met-business-plan-2018-19-quarter-1-progress-report.pdf?__cf_chl_captcha_tk__=pmd_2wSMUtHX6zOEEZGAIT2FYYAhdFZkeWijzVthSFMksnA-1634195403-0-gqNtZGzNA6WjcnBszQhR.
  89. Web site: May 2022 . Freedom of information request reference no: 01.FOI.22.022955 . Met Police . 20 December 2023 . 13 August 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220813104042/https://www.met.police.uk/SysSiteAssets/foi-media/metropolitan-police/disclosure_2022/may_2022/use-of-tactical-contact-to-bring-a-motorcycle-pursuit-to-an . dead .
  90. Web site: Met Police stations: A-Z Directory . Metropolitan Police . 8 June 2009 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090205194643/http://www.met.police.uk/contacts/AZPhonenumbers.htm . 5 February 2009 .
  91. News: Half of London police stations to close. BBC News. 14 July 2017. 24 September 2018. 3 November 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181103164635/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-40607533. live.
  92. News: BBC: Bow Street court closes its doors . BBC News . 14 July 2006 . 8 June 2009 . 3 August 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200803215839/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/5179270.stm . live .
  93. http://www.ippr.org.uk/ecomm/files/reinventing_police_station.pdf Institute for Public Policy Research: Re-inventing the police station
  94. Book: Fido, Martin . Official Encyclopedia of Scotland Yard . Keith Skinner . 2000 . Virgin . 978-1-85227-712-3. 57.
  95. Web site: Knife crime rises in England and Wales as London murders surge . 24 September 2018 . 24 September 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180924185507/https://news.sky.com/story/knife-crime-rises-in-england-and-wales-as-london-murders-surge-11346934 . live .
  96. Home Office (July 2011). Crimes detected in England and Wales 2010/11 . See Excel file for "Police force area tables".
  97. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/sep/09/met-police-dropped-30000-criminal-investigations-in-first-24-hours-last-year Met police dropped 30,000 criminal investigations in first 24 hours last year
  98. News: Dodd . Vikram . Met police found to be institutionally racist, misogynistic and homophobic . 21 March 2023 . The Guardian . 21 March 2023 . 21 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230321000506/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/mar/21/metropolitan-police-institutionally-racist-misogynistic-homophobic-louise-casey-report . live .
  99. Web site: Galop's statement on institutionalised homophobia and transphobia in the Met Police . 2 May 2023 . 2 May 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230502010207/https://galop.org.uk/news/galops-statement-on-institutionalised-homophobia-and-transphobia-in-the-met-police/ . live .
  100. News: 2023-09-07 . Met Police: Ex-officers admit sending racist WhatsApp messages . en-GB . BBC News . 2023-09-07 . 7 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230907152843/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-66743803 . live .
  101. Web site: Symonds . Tom . Met Police: Ex-officers sentenced over racist WhatsApp posts. 7 December 2023 . bbc.co.uk . BBC . 12 January 2024.
  102. News: Mendick . Robert . Evans . Martin . 2024-01-03 . Johnson condemns Met Police investigation into Israel 'war crimes' . 2024-01-04 . The Telegraph . en-GB . 0307-1235.
  103. Web site: Weaver . Matthew . Met police to pay 'five-figure sum' to French publisher arrested under anti-terror laws. 29 April 2024 . theguardian.com . Guardian . 5 May 2024.
  104. Web site: Jackson . Liz . Met failing in almost all work areas – inspectorate. 15 August 2024 . bbc.co.uk . BBC . 15 August 2024.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Metropolitan Police".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.