The Metropolitan Turnpike Trust (officially the Commissioners of the Turnpike Roads in the Neighbourhood of the Metropolis North of the River Thames) was the body responsible for maintaining the main roads in the north of the conurbation of London from 1827 to 1872.[1] The commissioners took over from fourteen existing turnpike trusts, and were empowered to levy tolls to meet the costs of road maintenance.[2]
| Short Title: | Metropolis Roads Act 1826 |
| Type: | Act |
| Parliament: | Parliament of the United Kingdom |
| Long Title: | An Act for consolidating the Trusts of the several Turnpike Roads in the Neighbourhood of the Metropolis, North of the River Thames. |
| Year: | 1826 |
| Citation: | 7 Geo. 4. c. cxlii |
| Royal Assent: | 31 May 1826 |
| Repealing Legislation: | Annual Turnpike Acts Continuance Act 1871 |
| Status: | repealed |
| Original Text: | https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Geo4/7/142/pdfs/ukla_18260142_en.pdf |
There was pressure from business interests in north London, who found that the numerous toll-gates throughout the area were interfering with the passage of goods and conduct of trade.[1] John Loudon McAdam persuaded Parliament to consolidate all the turnpike roads in the London area under one Metropolitan Turnpike Trust in 1825, to which he was appointed Surveyor-General.[3] The Metropolitan Trust was created by a local act of Parliament, the (7 Geo. 4. c. cxlii).[1] The fourteen trusts consolidated were:[2]
The total length of roads was 129 miles, and Sir James McAdam was appointed General Surveyor of the Metropolis Turnpike Roads north of the Thames.[2]
The commissioners initially consisted of the members of parliament for the City of London, City of Westminster, and County of Middlesex along with forty peers and gentlemen named in the 1826 act. Any vacancies occurring after this were to be filled by co-option.[2]
| Short Title: | Metropolis Roads Act 1829 |
| Type: | Act |
| Parliament: | Parliament of the United Kingdom |
| Year: | 1829 |
| Citation: | 10 Geo. 4. c. 59 |
In 1829 a further, public, act – the (10 Geo. 4. c. 59) – was passed which placed the commissioners on a statutory basis, and gave them increased powers. They were empowered to construct three new roads:[4]
A number of roads in central London were declared highways and transferred from the care of the commissioners to the local parish authorities. The roads remaining under the trust were organised into sixteen districts, with different tolls applied, and the funds gathered being applied to the maintenance of the roads in the district:[4]
In 1838 the trust gathered tolls to the value of £83,497. By 1840 the amount had declined to £67,475 as a direct result of the opening of railways in the capital. The commissioners were forced to look for economies, and in 1841 they announced that they would cease to light the roads, and offered the light fittings to the parish vestries along the roads free of charge. In some parts of the metropolis the vestries refused, or were unable, to take over the lighting.[6]
In spite of the declining finances, the commissioners were given more responsibilities: the New North Road from Highbury to Shoreditch was placed under their care in 1849, and in 1850 the roads of the Marylebone and Finchley Turnpike Trust.[7] [8]
| Short Title: | Metropolis Roads Act 1863 |
| Type: | Act |
| Parliament: | Parliament of the United Kingdom |
| Long Title: | An Act to amend the Acts relating to the Turnpike Roads in the Neighbourhood of the Metropolis North of the River Thames. |
| Year: | 1863 |
| Citation: | 26 & 27 Vict. c. 78 |
| Royal Assent: | 28 July 1863 |
| Repealing Legislation: | Annual Turnpike Acts Continuance Act 1871 |
| Status: | repealed |
By the 1850s the unpopular tolls were under attack. A parliamentary Toll Reform Committee was formed, and in 1857 it issued a report. In it, it was pointed out the commission itself was unrepresentative, it contained four MPs from the City of London, which was untolled, and two from Westminster, which had only one gate. However the constituencies of Finsbury, Marylebone and Tower Hamlets, which were heavily tolled, had no representation.[9] The campaign eventually led to the enactment of the (26 & 27 Vict. c. 78). From 1 July 1864 the tollgates were to be removed from most of the roads, with administration passing to the incorporated vestries and district boards established by the Metropolis Management Act 1855 (18 & 19 Vict. c. 120).
The commissioners retained control of arterial roads outside the area of the Metropolitan Board of Works:[10]
The commissioners went out of existence on 1 July 1872, when section 13 of the Annual Turnpike Acts Continuance Act 1871 (34 & 35 Vict. c. 115) came into effect. The roads under the care of the trust passed to the various parish vestries on that date.[11]