MetLife explained

MetLife, Inc.
Type:Public
Location:MetLife Building
New York City, U.S.
Key People:
Industry:Financial services
Services:Insurance, annuities, employee benefits
Aum: (2023)[1]
Subsid:PNB MetLife India Insurance Company
Num Employees: (2023)[2]

MetLife, Inc. is the holding corporation for the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (MLIC),[3] better known as MetLife, and its affiliates. MetLife is among the largest global providers of insurance, annuities, and employee benefit programs, with around 90 million customers in over 60 countries.[4] [5] The firm was founded on March 24, 1868.[6] MetLife ranked No. 43 in the 2018 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue.[7]

On January 6, 1915, MetLife completed the mutualization process, changing from a stock life insurance company owned by individuals to a mutual company operating without external shareholders and for the benefit of policyholders.[8] After 85 years as a mutual company, MetLife demutualized into a publicly traded company with an initial public offering in 2000.[9] Through its subsidiaries and affiliates, MetLife holds leading market positions in the United States, Japan, Latin America, Asia's Pacific region, Europe, and the Middle East.[10] MetLife serves 90 of the largest Fortune 500 companies.[11]

MetLife's head offices and boardroom are located at the MetLife Building at 200 Park Avenue in Midtown Manhattan and New York City which MetLife owned from 1981 to 2005; despite the sale, MetLife increased its leased footprint in the building beginning in 2015.[12] [13]

In January 2016, MetLife announced that it would spin off its U.S. retail business, including individual life insurance and annuities for the retail market, in a separate company called Brighthouse Financial, which launched in March 2017.[14] The continuing MetLife company kept naming rights to MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey.[15]

History

Early years

The predecessor company to MetLife began in 1863 when a group of New York City businessmen raised $100,000 to found the National Union Life and Limb Insurance Company. The company insured Civil War sailors and soldiers against disabilities due to wartime wounds, accidents, and sickness. On March 24, 1868, it became known as Metropolitan Life Insurance Company and shifted its focus to the life insurance business.[16] [17] A severe business depression that began with the Panic of 1873 forced the company to contract, until it reached its lowest point in the late 1870s. After observing the insurance industry in Great Britain in 1879, MetLife President Joseph F. Knapp brought “industrial” or “workingmen's” insurance programs to the United States – insurance issued in small amounts on which premiums were collected weekly or monthly at the policyholder's home. By 1880, sales had exceeded a quarter million of such policies, resulting in nearly $1 million in revenue from premiums. In 1909, MetLife had become the nation's largest life insurer in the United States, as measured by life insurance in force (the total value of life insurance policies issued).[16] [18]

In 1890, the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Building was commissioned to serve as MetLife's home office on 23rd Street in Manhattan. The building was completed in stages through 1905. A clock tower was commissioned adjacent to the home office in 1907, and when completed two years later, the building was the world's tallest until 1913.[19] The home office complex, which came to include the later art deco Metropolitan Life North Building, remained the company's headquarters until 2005. For many years, an illustration of the Metropolitan Life Tower (with light emanating from the tip of its spire and the slogan, "The Light That Never Fails") featured prominently in MetLife's advertising.[20]

In 1905, MetLife lost a legal case, Pavesich v. New England Life Insurance Company, where they attempted to use an image of another person for promotion but this was ruled a breach of privacy and libelous: this case became a standardly cited case on privacy in US law.

By 1930, MetLife insured one of five men, women, and children in the United States and Canada.[21] During the 1930s, it also began to diversify its portfolio by reducing the percentage of individual mortgages in favor of public utility bonds, investments in government securities, and loans for commercial real estate. The company financed the Empire State Building's construction in 1929 as well as provided capital for Rockefeller Center's construction in 1931. During World War II, MetLife placed more than 51 percent of its total assets in war bonds and was the largest single private contributor to the Allied cause.

Postwar

During the post-war era, the company expanded its suburban presence, decentralized operations, and refocused its career agency system to serve all market segments. It also began to market group insurance products to employers and institutions. By 1979, operations were segmented into four primary businesses: group insurance, personal insurance, pensions, and investments.[21] In 1981 MetLife purchased the Pan Am Building from a group that included Pan American World Airways for the price of $400 million.[22] [23] The building was subsequently renamed and the prominently displayed Pan Am logo was replaced with the MetLife logo.

De-mutualization and IPO

In 2000, MetLife converted from a mutual insurance company operated for the benefit of its policyholders to a for-profit public company.[24] The de-mutualization process allowed MetLife to enter unrelated insurance businesses and increase executive compensation.

Policyholders received some stock in the new company in this process.[25] MetLife was accused of breaching federal securities laws by misrepresenting and omitting information in materials given to policyholders during this process, resulting in years of litigation ending with a $50 million settlement in 2009.[26]

Acquisitions, sales, and major deals

Current era

From 2004 to 2011, MetLife continued to hold its position as the largest life insurer in the United States.[55] The company had $2.5 trillion in policies written, $350 billion in assets under management, over 12 million customers in the United States, 8 million customers outside the United States, and a net income in 2003 of $2.2 billion.[55] That year, Barron's reported that 13 million American households owned at least one product from MetLife.[56]

MetLife named Robert H. Benmosche as chairman and CEO in July 1999. Benmosche occupied the position until 2006, when he was replaced by C. Robert Henrikson.[57] [58] [59]

The company's sales grew 11.5% between 2008 and 2009, despite the national recession.[60] In 2011, CEO Robert Henrikson was replaced by Steven A. Kandarian, who had overseen the company's " investment portfolio" as chief investment officer.[57] Henrikson remained the company's chairman to the end of 2011, at which point he reached the company's mandatory retirement age.[57]

In 2015, MetLife was ranked as number one on Fortune magazine's list of World's Most Admired Companies in the Insurance: Life and Health category.[61]

In the summer of 2017, MetLife plans to add a third office building of 255,000 square feet at its Cary, North Carolina Global Technology Campus, giving the company a total of 655,000 square feet at a location which has over 1,000 employees in such areas as engineering, software and technology. This plan was the result of North Carolina awarding the company $94 million in incentives in 2013 for creating over 2,600 jobs, half in Cary and half in Charlotte.[62]

"Too big to fail"

In 2012, MetLife failed the Federal Reserve's (the Fed's) Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review stress test, intended to predict the potential failure of the company in a recession. The Fed stated that the minimum total risk-based capital ratio should be 8% and it estimated MetLife's ratio at 6%. The company had requested approval for a share repurchase to prop up the stock price, along with an increased dividend.[63] Because MetLife owned MetLife Bank, it was subject to stricter financial regulation. To escape that level of regulation, MetLife announced the sale of its banking unit to GE Capital.[64] [65] On November 2, 2012, MetLife said it was selling its mortgage servicing business to JPMorgan Chase for an undisclosed amount.[66] Both sales were part of its strategy to focus on the insurance side of its business.

The attempt to escape "too big to fail" regulation was not successful. In September 2014, the United States government observed the 2010 Dodd-Frank financial reform law by proposing the application of an official label to MetLife as "systemically important" to the American economy.[67] If implemented, MetLife would be subject to different sets of rules and regulations, with increased oversight from the Federal Reserve.[67] [68] The company appealed this proposal in November 2014.[69] In December 2014, federal regulators decided that MetLife required the special regulations reserved for financial companies and organizations deemed "systemically important," or "too big to fail".[70] MetLife announced in January 2015 that it would file a lawsuit with the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia to overturn the federal regulators' decision,[67] thus becoming the first nonbank to challenge such a decision. Three other nonbank companies have been designated as "systemically important": AIG, General Electric and Prudential. MetLife continued to litigate this issue, with the US Department of Justice asking that their challenge be dismissed.[71]

Fines

On August 7, 2012, it was announced that MetLife will pay $3.2 million in fines after the Federal Reserve charged it used unsafe and unsound practices in handling its mortgage servicing and foreclosure operations.[72]

In 2014, MetLife paid $23 million to settle multiple lawsuits over junk fax operations used to generate leads for life insurance sales.[73]

In 2015, MetLife Home Loans LLC paid $123.5 million to the United States Department of Justice to resolve allegations it knowingly made mortgages insured by the United States government that didn't meet federal underwriting requirements.[74]

Products and services

, MetLife had a "diverse product mix" which included insurance (home, car and life), variable life annuities and structured settlements, commercial mortgages and securities backed by commercial mortgages, and sovereign debt.[75]

Life insurance

MetLife's individual life insurance products and services comprise term life insurance and several types of permanent life insurance, including whole life, universal life, and final expense whole life insurance.[76] [77] These services vary in regards to the duration and amount of coverage available and whether a medical exam is required for coverage. The company also offers group life insurance, provided through employers, which consists of term life, permanent life, and accidental death and dismemberment coverage.[78] [79] MetLife is the largest life insurer in the United States, based on life insurance in-force.[11] [75]

Dental

MetLife offers group dental benefit plans for individuals, employees, retirees and their families and provides dental plan administration for over 20 million people.[80] [81] Plans include MetLife's Preferred Dentist Program (PPO) and the SafeGuard DHMO (available for both individuals and employees in CA, FL, TX, NJ and NY.). [82] MetLife also administers dental continuing education program for dentists and allied health care professionals, which are recognized by the American Dental Association (ADA) and the Academy of General Dentistry (AGD).[83]

Disability

MetLife provides disability products for individuals as well as employee and association groups who receive them through their employer.[84] [85] For individuals, the company's individual disability income insurance can replace a portion of lost income if an individual is unable to work due to sickness or injury.[86] MetLife offers several individual disability income policies, including MetLife Income Guard, OMNI Advantage, OMNI Essential, Business Overhead Expense, and Buy-Sell.[87] The policy options provided by the company vary in terms of eligibility and the provided coverage. For groups, MetLife offers short term disability insurance and long term disability insurance.[88] Short term disability insurance is structured to replace a portion of an individual's income during the initial weeks of a disabling illness or accident.[89] Long term disability Insurance serves to replace a portion of an individual's income during an extended period of a disabling illness or accident.[90] [91] The company also maintains an absence management product which allows employers to track and manage both planned and unplanned employee absences. The product, which MetLife calls MetLife Total Absence Management, is structured for businesses with 1,000 or more employees.[92]

Annuities

MetLife is among the largest providers of annuities in the world, recording $22.4 billion in sales during 2009.[93] MetLife offers annuities which consist of fixed annuities, variable annuities, deferred annuities and immediate annuities.[94] In 1921, MetLife was the first company to issue a group annuity contract.[95] More recently in 2004, it was the first insurer to introduce a longevity insurance product.[96] [97]

Auto & Home

MetLife Auto & Home is the brand name for MetLife's nine affiliate personal lines insurance companies.[98] Collectively these companies offer personal lines property and casualty insurance policies in all 50 states and the District of Columbia.[99] The flagship company in the MetLife Auto & Home group, Metropolitan Property and Casualty Insurance Company, was founded in 1972.[98] MetLife Auto & Home companies presently have over 2.7 million active policies and service 58 of the Fortune 100 companies.[100] [101]

MetLife's home insurance includes homeowners insurance, condo insurance, renters insurance, insurance for landlords, and mobile home insurance.[102] [103] The available policies for MetLife's home insurance provide coverage for possessions, property damage from natural disaster or theft, and various legal expenses incurred resulting from injuries sustained on an individual's property.[104] The companies also sell RV, ATV, boat, mobile home, collectible vehicle, and motorcycle policies[105] and offers flood insurance policies as a participant in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), which is managed by the federal government.[106] [107] MetLife's various types of coverage for auto insurance include liability protection, collision and comprehensive coverage, personal injury protection, rental car coverage, and uninsured and underinsured motorists coverage.[108] [109] Through an arrangement with Hyatt Legal Plans, a subsidiary of MetLife, MetLife Auto & Home underwrites group legal plans in many states.[110]

It was the first national insurer in the United States to offer identity-theft resolution services at no extra premium and continues to do so today in most United States states.[111] [112] In 2010, MetLife Auto & Home began offering their GrandProtect plan in most states. This GrandProtect policy simplifies complex insurance needs by combining a client's home, valuable items, autos, RVs, and boats into one comprehensive policy package. The ultimate benefits to the consumer are having one bill, only one deductible, comprehensive coverage, and typically lower rates than trying to get each policy individually.[113]

On December 11, 2020, Farmers Insurance Group, which is owned by Zurich Insurance agreed to purchase MetLife’s auto and home insurance business for $3.94 billion. At the time of announcement, MetLife auto and home was 18th largest auto insurer in the U.S, with a presence in all 50 states writing $2.4 billion in auto premiums in 2019. Farmers Insurance Group completed it's purchase of MetLife's auto and home books of business on April 8, 2021. As part of the transaction, Farmers secured a 10-year marketing agreement with MetLife to offer Farmers products on MetLife’s group benefits platform, currently serving over 3,800 employers and 37 million employees of the companies utilizing MetLife to provide employee benefits. Farmers acquired MetLife policies as is, with no immediate intentions on changing the policy terms of existing MetLife customers to match those of current Farmers policies.

Other products

MetLife's products also include critical illness insurance.[114] Financial services include fee-based financial planning, retirement planning, wealth management, 529 Plans, banking, and commercial and residential mortgages.[115] The company also provides retirement plan and other financial services to healthcare, education, and not-for-profit organizations.[116] The MetLife Center for Special Needs Planning is a group of planners which serve families and individuals with special needs.[117] In 2014, MetLife launched MetLife Defender, a digital identity theft protection product.[118]

Corporate structure

The Insurance Products division was the largest unit, accounting for 53% of 2009 revenue. By 2015, a division referred to as "Americas" had emerged.

Corporate governance

[119]

MetLife has a compensation committee which establishes remuneration for the company's senior executives, and emphasizes variable performance-based compensation over fixed pay rates.[120]

Subsidiary and affiliate companies

MetLife subsidiaries and affiliates have included MetLife Investors, MetLife Bank, MetLife Securities, Metropolitan Property and Casualty Insurance Company and its subsidiaries, General American, MetLife Legal Plans, MetLife Resources, New England Financial, Walnut Street Securities, Inc., Safeguard Health Enterprises, Inc., and Tower Square Securities, Inc., Cigna.[121] [122] [123] [124] [125] [126] [127] [128]

The subsidiary MetLife Insurance Company USA, [129] [130]

MetLife Bank was sold to GE Capital in 2013, and MetLife exited the banking business.[131]

Metlife in partnership with Tishman Realty & Construction co-owns the Walt Disney World Swan and Dolphin resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. The land on which the hotels are located on is owned by The Walt Disney Company and is leased to Metlife and Tishman (which owns the buildings) and operated by Marriott International as a Westin hotel.[132]

International presence

Outside of the United States, MetLife operates in Latin America, Europe, Asia's Pacific region, and the Middle East, with leading market positions in Mexico, Japan, South Korea, Bangladesh and Chile.[10] [133]

On March 8, 2010, MetLife announced its intent to purchase the international leader life-insurance business, American Life Insurance Company (Alico), from American International Group (AIG). MetLife, which completed the deal on November 1, 2010, paid approximately $7.2 billion in cash and $9.0 billion in MetLife equity and other securities.[134] [135] The securities portion of the deal consisted of 78.2 million shares of MetLife common stock, 6.9 million shares of contingent convertible preferred stock and 40 million equity units.[136] The values of the common and preferred stock were based on the closing price of MetLife's common stock on October 29.[136] Upon completion of the purchase, MetLife became a leading competitor in Japan, the world's second-largest life insurance market, and moved into a top 5 market position in many high growth emerging markets in Central and Eastern Europe, such as Romania, the Middle East and Latin America. The deal added 20 million customers to MetLife's 70 million and according to Barron's more than doubled the percentage of operating profits that MetLife gets abroad to 40%.[75]

In India MetLife has an affiliate company India Insurance Company Limited (MetLife) which has operated in India since 2001. This company has its headquarters in Bangalore and Gurgaon and was jointly owned by MetLife and a few local Indian financial companies. In 2012 an agreement was made with local Indian bank, the Punjab National Bank to establish a strategic alliance and for it to take a 30% share in MetLife India.[137] The state owned bank would in return sell MetLife insurance products in its branches

[138]

MetLife has been operating in Bangladesh since 1952.[139] It is currently the leading life insurer and has been since 1997.[140] MetLife Bangladesh is headquartered at the Motijheel Commercial Area, the main CBD of Dhaka.[141]

MetLife Foundation

MetLife Foundation is MetLife's independent charitable and grant-awarding foundation. It was founded in 1976[142] and had provided over $650 million in grants by January 2015.[142] The foundation has partnered with and donated to a variety of organizations, including Habitat for Humanity since 2010[143] and the Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial Project Foundation since 2008.[144] [145] In 2013, the MetLife Foundation announced a new focus on financial inclusion,[146] including educational programs on basic financial planning for disadvantaged children[147] [148] and financial services aimed at low-income communities.[148] [149] [150] According to the OECD, MetLife Foundation’s financing for 2019 development increased by 20% to US$14 million.[151]

Relationship with Peanuts

MetLife's use of comic strip characters since the mid 1980s, according to chief marketing officer Esther Lee, was intended "to make our company more friendly and approachable during a time when insurance companies were seen as cold and distant."

MetLife licensed Snoopy and other Peanuts characters for promotional purposes from the Iconix Brand Group, which owns the promotional rights to the works of Charles M. Schulz. In 2010, Iconix formed a joint venture with Schulz's heirs (as Charles Schulz himself died in 2000), buying out E. W. Scripps Co. and United Features Syndicate for $175 million. MetLife was reported to pay $12 million per year to Iconix for licensing rights.[152] Prior to the Iconix deal, MetLife had licensed the characters from other rights-holders.

The Peanuts-based campaign was developed by the advertising agency Young & Rubicam. MetLife also has used Foote Cone & Belding to develop Peanuts-related promotions.[153] [154]

MetLife announced the end of its 31-year relationship with Peanuts on October 20, 2016. This decision resulted from the company's sale of its life insurance business to concentrate on corporate clients.[155] MetLife's new blue and green logo was criticized for being a knock-off of comparison website Diffen.[156] [157]

MetLife brought Snoopy back in 2023, as mascot for the new MetLife Pet Insurance division.[158]

Blimp and sports sponsorship

The MetLife blimp program began in 1987 with the “Snoopy 1” airship and, in 1994, expanded to include the “Snoopy 2” airship.[159] The program provided aerial coverage to over 80 major sporting events every year and became the official aerial coverage provider of the PGA Tour.[160] “Snoopy 1” and “Snoopy 2” also provided overhead television coverage for the NFL, CBS College Football, the LPGA, the NBA Finals, Copa Chile, the Preakness Stakes, and the Kentucky Derby.[160] [161] When MetLife ended their ‘’Peanuts’’ branding, they also brought the blimp program to a close.[162]

[163] [164] On August 23, 2011, MetLife agreed to a 25-year sponsorship deal to rename New Meadowlands Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey, home of the NFL's New York Giants and New York Jets to MetLife Stadium.[165] On January 16, 2017, MetLife agreed to a five-year sponsorship to rename Seibu Dome in Tokorozawa, Saitama Prefecture in Japan as the MetLife Dome.

From 2014 to 2017, MetLife was the title sponsor of the BWF Super Series badminton tournament.[166]

Weight and longevity data

In 1959, The Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (as it was known at the time) released tables of the best weight for each height for longevity, based on their collected insurance data. These tables showed what were characterized as “desirable weights”. In 1983, the company released tables showing the “ideal” weights for greatest longevity; this information was based on data collected in the Build Study of 1979 collected by the Society of Actuaries. This data followed patients for 18 years (1954–1972) and was collected from 25 life insurance companies in Canada and the United States, representing 4.2 million people. These “ideal” weights were higher than the prior “desirable” weights, this was attributed to an increase in muscle mass due to improved fitness levels among the population.

This study is still the largest available pool of data for this purpose. It was noticed that the average weights in the population are higher than the ideal weights for survival. The ‘’’Metropolitan Tables’’’ included ‘’small’’, ‘’medium’’ and ‘’large’’ frames, based on elbow-girth measured using calipers, as the elbows do not develop adipose tissue. They presented weight ranges for height, sex and body frame (again associated with the lowest mortality) The midpoint of the ideal weight for the medium frames for each height was selected as the “ideal” weight used for calculations of “excess weight” (initial weight minus ideal weight). This led to a formula to calculate the ideal weight used by bariatric surgeons, but it had lost considerable accuracy by 2007, again due to improvements in medical care and in public health.[167]

See also

Archives and records

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Metlife Assets Under Management December 31, 2023 . 4 June 2024 . MetLife.
  2. Web site: Metlife, Inc. 2023 Annual Report (Form 10-K) . 16 February 2024 . U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
  3. News: MetLife Announces Third Quarter Non-Cash Charge. Staff. October 2, 2015. Insurance Weekly News. December 20, 2015. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160108112718/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-429993776.html. January 8, 2016.
  4. News: MetLife Expands Beyond 'Slow Growth' U.S. Market . December 16, 2015 . Tulsa World . March 11, 2010 . Staff & Wire Reports .
  5. MetLife and Fidelity Introduce New Retirement Income Solution: A Variable Annuity Designed to Provide Lifetime Income for Those Nearing or in Retirement . Business Wire . November 16, 2009 .
  6. Book: Botti, Timothy . Envy of the world: a history of the U.S. economy & big business. 2006 . Algora Publishing . New York, NY . 0-87586-431-7 . 140 . limited.
  7. Web site: Fortune 500 Companies 2018: Who Made the List. Fortune. en-US. November 10, 2018.
  8. Web site: Company Highlights . March 2, 2011 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20120321191422/http://www.metveterans.com/files/13338/Company%20Highlights.pdf . March 21, 2012 .
  9. News: In Play . Daily Deal. April 7, 2000 .
  10. Lehmann. R.J.. MetLife Sees Alico Deals as Door to Growth in China, Middle East. SNL Insurance M&A. June 4, 2010. insurancenewsnet. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20151222102837/http://insurancenewsnet.com/oarticle/2010/06/10/MetLife-Sees-Alico-Deal-As-Door-To-Growth-In-China-a-197039.html. December 22, 2015.
  11. News: KASB FL, MetLife Alico Sign Investment Agreement. March 14, 2011. Pakistan Observer. December 31, 2010.
  12. News: MetLife Sells 2nd Building, A Landmark On Park Ave . Anthony Ramirez . The New York Times . April 2, 2005 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150203031158/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9901E5DA113FF931A35757C0A9639C8B63 . February 3, 2015 .
  13. News: Scism. Leslie. Morris. Keiko. March 19, 2015. MetLife to Unify at Namesake Tower. en-US. Wall Street Journal. June 3, 2021. 0099-9660.
  14. Web site: Important Information About MetLife's U.S. Retail Business Separation. www.metlife.com. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170505084637/https://www.metlife.com/brighthousefinancial/. May 5, 2017.
  15. News: MetLife Shelves 148-Year-Old U.S. Retail Brand for 'Brighthouse'. Bloomberg.com . July 21, 2016. www.bloomberg.com. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170202020040/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-07-21/metlife-rebrands-retail-unit-to-be-separated-as-brighthouse. February 2, 2017.
  16. Book: Botti, Timothy. Envy of the world: a history of the U.S. economy & big business. limited. 2006. Algora Publishing. New York, NY. 0-87586-431-7. 140.
  17. Umasanker. A Study on Life Insurance Awareness Among Private Employees. Economic Challenger. April 2010.
  18. Book: Mauriello, Carrie. Net Worth: Using the Internet for Personal Financial Planning. 2001. Butterworth-Heinemann. Woburn, MA. 1-884133-83-5. 215. registration.
  19. Book: The Metropolitan Life Insurance Company: Its History, Its Present Position in the Insurance World, Its Home Office Building and Its Work Carried on Therein. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. 1914. 61-63.
  20. Book: Moudry, Roberta. The American Skyscraper: Cultural Histories. Cambridge University Press. 2005. 0-521-62421-5. New York, NY. 125–127.
  21. Web site: History. August 25, 2010. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20100829120532/http://www.metlife.com/about/corporate-profile/metlife-history/metlife-begins/index.html. August 29, 2010.
  22. Done deal: $1.7b sale of MetLife Building officially closed. Real Estate Weekly. June 2005. 51. 10.
  23. Web site: MetLife Building. Emporis. March 2, 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110629112617/http://www.emporis.com/application/?nav=building&lng=3&id=metlifebuilding-newyorkcity-ny-usa. June 29, 2011.
  24. News: Kinsella . Eileen . MetLife IPO Priced Mid-Range at $14.25 a Share . . 2000-04-04 . 2024-06-28 .
  25. News: Decision time for MetLife policyholders . January 4, 2000 . Boselovic, Len . Pittsburgh Post-Gazette . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150503234417/http://old.post-gazette.com/businessnews/20000104met1.asp . May 3, 2015.
  26. News: MetLife to pay $50 million to resolve policyholder suits . Law360 . Fuch, Eric . November 13, 2009 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160201171444/http://www.law360.com/articles/134266/metlife-to-pay-50m-to-resolve-policyholder-suits . February 1, 2016.
  27. News: United Mutual, MetLife Merge . Matthew Scott . Black Enterprise . February 1, 1993 . February 25, 2015 .
  28. News: AIG Chief: Loud Voice and a Listener's Ear . Joann S. Lublin . The Wall Street Journal . August 10, 2009 . July 13, 2015 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150714142331/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124985951295318023 . July 14, 2015 .
  29. News: MetLife Gets OK To Acquire Executive Life's Businesses . Rick Stouffer . 18 December 1992 . February 25, 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150909014019/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-22445269.html . September 9, 2015 .
  30. News: 0362-4331. Quint. Michael. New England And Met Life Agree to Merge Operations. The New York Times. January 15, 2017. August 17, 1995. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170116184705/http://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/17/business/new-england-and-met-life-agree-to-merge-operations.html. January 16, 2017.
  31. News: MetLife Merging with New England . Associated Press . The Buffalo News . August 16, 1995 . February 25, 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150909014019/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-22747336.html . September 9, 2015 .
  32. News: MetLife to Pay $377 Million for Bank Marketer Security First . Stephen Garmhausen . American Banker . August 15, 1997 . February 25, 2015 .
  33. News: Metlife Assumes Lincoln National's Individual Disability Income Unit. . Lynne McKenna Frazier . Knight Ridder . May 12, 1999 . February 25, 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150909014019/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-54621984.html . September 9, 2015 .
  34. News: GenAmerica Financial Chief Announces Resignation . Jim Gallagher . Knight Ridder . February 20, 2002 . February 25, 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150909014019/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83064722.html . September 9, 2015 .
  35. News: In Brief: MetLife Buying GenAmerica Corp . Michael D. Moore . American Banker . August 27, 1999 . February 25, 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150909014019/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-55584007.html . September 9, 2015 .
  36. News: MetLife Suit could mislead holders again . Jane Bryant Quinn . Indiana Post-Tribune . October 24, 1999 . February 25, 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150909014019/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1N1-108487BB6BF6B357.html . September 9, 2015 .
  37. News: MetLife Plans to Sell Stock; Insurer to Revert To Public Company . Patricia Vowinkel . The Washington Post . November 30, 1998 . February 25, 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150909014019/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-695291.html . September 9, 2015 .
  38. News: MetLife Issues Nearly 500 Million Shares to Policyholders . Joseph Treaster . 6 April 2000 . April 6, 2000 . February 25, 2015 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150527132203/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/04/06/business/metlife-issues-nearly-500-million-shares-to-policyholders.html . May 27, 2015 .
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  40. News: MetLife's Policyholders to get cash or stock in public offering . Chet Bridger . The Buffalo News . December 10, 1999 . February 25, 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150909014019/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-23151221.html . September 9, 2015 .
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  152. News: You're An Old Brand, Charlie Brown: The $80M Business Of Peanuts Needs A Turnaround . Forbes . October 30, 2013 . Brown, Abram . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171214084023/https://www.forbes.com/sites/abrambrown/2013/10/30/youre-an-old-brand-charlie-brown-the-80m-business-of-peanuts-needs-a-turnaround/ . December 14, 2017.
  153. News: Elliot. Stuart. Young & Rubicam holds onto a MetLife account amid a flurry of change and consolidation. March 23, 2011. The New York Times. December 20, 2000. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20090412192551/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/20/business/media-business-advertising-young-rubicam-holds-onto-metlife-account-amid-flurry.html. April 12, 2009.
  154. News: Elliot. Stuart. Woodstock and Snoopy Answer Life's What-Ifs. March 23, 2011. The New York Times. June 21, 2006. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20111109042003/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/21/business/media/21adco.html. November 9, 2011.
  155. News: Snoopy and Peanuts gang are cut loose by MetLife as it retools business. Associated Press. Winston-Salem Journal. October 20, 2016. October 20, 2016.
  156. News: Liffreing. Ilyse. Coincidence or theft? MetLife's new logo is nearly identical to Diffen's. November 3, 2016. Campaign US. November 1, 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161104020624/http://www.campaignlive.com/article/coincidence-theft-metlifes-new-logo-nearly-identical-diffens/1414205. November 4, 2016.
  157. News: Dugan. Kevin. MetLife's new logo looks awfully familiar. November 3, 2016. New York Post. November 2, 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161104033943/http://nypost.com/2016/11/02/metlifes-new-logo-looks-awfully-familiar/. November 4, 2016.
  158. Web site: METLIFE PET INSURANCE HAS A NEW TOP DOG: SNOOPY . 2023-11-18 . MetLife . en.
  159. News: Shine. Dan. The Love Float. The Dallas Morning News. December 29, 1994.
  160. MetLife Joins Forces with Believe In Tomorrow Children's Foundation. Wireless News. August 2010.
  161. MetLife Inflates Blimp Fleet. National Underwriter. August 2007. 7.
  162. Web site: Why you won't be seeing the MetLife "Snoopy" blimps at PGA Tour events anymore . Golf Digest. October 20, 2016.
  163. MetLife to Be the First Major Marketing Partner of the New Meadowlands Stadium in NJ. Web Wire. June 17, 2008. August 24, 2010. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20120307223902/http://www.webwire.com/ViewPressRel.asp?aId=68077. March 7, 2012.
  164. Web site: Blimp Schedule. MetLife. November 20, 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20141129033346/https://www.metlife.com/about/advertising/MetLife-blimp/schedule/index.html. November 29, 2014.
  165. News: MetLife announces it has bought the naming rights to New Meadowlands Stadium for 25 years . The Washington Post . Associated Press . August 23, 2011 . August 23, 2011 .
  166. Web site: MetLife announced as title sponsor for BWF World Superseries. December 18, 2013 . live. https://web.archive.org/web/20171201030628/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1017517/metlife-announced-as-title-sponsor-for-bwf-world-superseries-in-four-year-deal. December 1, 2017.
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