Metaxyonycha Explained

Metaxyonycha is a genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Eumolpinae.

Taxonomy

Metaxyonycha was first named by Louis Alexandre Auguste Chevrolat in 1836, with the spelling "Metazyonycha", in Dejean's Catalogue of Coleoptera. According to Bousquet et al. in 2013, Metaxyonycha is an incorrect subsequent spelling of Metazyonycha. However, because the subsequent spelling is in prevailing usage and is attributed to the original spelling's publication, "Metaxyonycha" is considered the correct spelling.

In some publications for the Neotropical realm, Metaxyonycha is also known as "Colaspis". This was because the Czech entomologist Jan Bechyné had synonymised Metaxyonycha with Colaspis, after incorrectly assuming the two had the same type species, while splitting the species of Colaspis listed in the Coleopterorum Catalogus (a beetle catalog edited by Wilhelm Junk and Sigmund Schenkling) into a separate genus known as "Maecolaspis". As a result, Bechyné was using the name Colaspis for what was actually Metaxyonycha.^[1]

Species

The following species belong to the genus Metaxyonycha (or Colaspis sensu Bechyné):^{[2] [3]}

• Metaxyonycha acuminipennis (Blanchard, 1843)
• Metaxyonycha amasia Marshall, 1864^{[4] [3]}
• Metaxyonycha angusta (Perty, 1832)
  • Metaxyonycha angusta angusta (Perty, 1832)
  • Metaxyonycha angusta kosñipata (Bechyné & Bechyné, 1968)^[5]
• Metaxyonycha apochroma (Bechyné & Bechyné, 1976)^[6]
• Metaxyonycha argentiniensis Bechyné, 1949^[7]
• Metaxyonycha auripennis (Germar, 1824)
• Metaxyonycha boggianii (Bechyné, 1957)^[8]
• Metaxyonycha bogotensis Jacoby, 1900^[9]
  • Metaxyonycha bogotensis bogotensis Jacoby, 1900
  • Metaxyonycha bogotensis splendicans (Bechyné & Bechyné, 1968)^[5]
• Metaxyonycha bondari (Bechyné & Bechyné, 1968)^[5]
• Metaxyonycha carminea (Bechyné, 1955)^[10]
• Metaxyonycha chloroptera (Germar, 1824)^[11]
• Metaxyonycha chlorospila Marshall, 1864^[4]
• Metaxyonycha chotana (Bechyné, 1958)^[12]
• Metaxyonycha comica (Bechyné, 1953)^[2]
• Metaxyonycha concinna Lefèvre, 1883^[13]
• Metaxyonycha connexa Marshall, 1864^[4]
• Metaxyonycha corpulenta (Bechyné, 1955)^[10]
• Metaxyonycha costata Lefèvre, 1877^[14]
• Metaxyonycha crucifera Marshall, 1864^[4]
• Metaxyonycha defficiens (Bechyné, 1953)^[2]
• Metaxyonycha denieri (Bechyné, 1953)^[2]
• Metaxyonycha diringshofeni (Bechyné & Bechyné, 1968)^[5]
• Metaxyonycha distincta Baly, 1881^[15]
• Metaxyonycha dominga (Bechyné, 1958)^[12]
• Metaxyonycha elegans Lefèvre, 1883^[13]
• Metaxyonycha elytrospila (Bechyné & Bechyné, 1968)^[5]
• Metaxyonycha excentritarsis (Bechyné & Bechyné, 1968)^[5]
• Metaxyonycha fasciata Lefèvre, 1875^[16]
  • Metaxyonycha fasciata caurensis (Bechyné & Bechyné, 1968)^[5]
  • Metaxyonycha fasciata fasciata Lefèvre, 1875
• Metaxyonycha flavofasciata (Bowditch, 1921)^[17]
• Metaxyonycha fuscovitatta (Bechyné, 1954)^[18]
• Metaxyonycha godmani (Jacoby, 1879)^[19]
• Metaxyonycha gounelli Lefèvre, 1891^[20]
  • Metaxyonycha gounelli acrospina (Bechyné & Bechyné, 1968)^[5]
  • Metaxyonycha gounelli gounelli Lefèvre, 1891
• Metaxyonycha granulata (Germar, 1821)
• Metaxyonycha guttifera (Bechyné, 1955)^[21]
  • Metaxyonycha guttifera guttifera (Bechyné, 1955)
  • Metaxyonycha guttifera lepidosoma (Bechyné & Bechyné, 1968)^[5]
• Metaxyonycha haroldi (Lefèvre, 1891)
• Metaxyonycha hirsuta Jacoby, 1890^[22]
• Metaxyonycha hirtipennis (Jacoby, 1881)^{[19] [3]}
• Metaxyonycha humeralis Marshall, 1864^[4]
• Metaxyonycha humilis Marshall, 1864^[4]
• Metaxyonycha hybrida (Lefèvre, 1878)
• Metaxyonycha jeanneli (Bechyné, 1951)^[23]
• Metaxyonycha jusepinensis (Bechyné & Bechyné, 1968)^[5]
• Metaxyonycha lacerdae Lefèvre, 1884^[24]
• Metaxyonycha lefevrei (Harold, 1875)
• Metaxyonycha lima (Bechyné, 1955)^[10]
• Metaxyonycha limbata (Jacoby, 1890)^{[22] [3]}
• Metaxyonycha longicornis (Bechyné, 1951)^[23]
• Metaxyonycha martinezi (Bechyné, 1951)^[23]
• Metaxyonycha mattogrossoensis (Scherer, 1964)^[25]
• Metaxyonycha medeirosi (Bechyné & Bechyné, 1961)^[26]
• Metaxyonycha melanocephala (Bechyné, 1953)^[2]
• Metaxyonycha melanogastra (Lefèvre, 1884)^[27]
• Metaxyonycha mendesi Bechyné, 1949^[7]
  • Metaxyonycha mendesi mendesi Bechyné, 1949
  • Metaxyonycha mendesi zikani (Bechyné, 1953)^[2]
• Metaxyonycha minarum (Lefèvre, 1888)
• Metaxyonycha montesi (Bechyné, 1953)^[2]
• Metaxyonycha nigritarsis Lefèvre, 1875^[16]
  • Metaxyonycha nigritarsis minor (Bechyné, 1953)^[2]
  • Metaxyonycha nigritarsis nigritarsis Lefèvre, 1875
• Metaxyonycha ocanana (Lefèvre, 1878)^[11]
• Metaxyonycha octosignata Baly, 1881^[15]
• Metaxyonycha pallidula (Boheman, 1858)
  • Metaxyonycha pallidula interior (Bechyné, 1958)^[12]
  • Metaxyonycha pallidula pallidula (Boheman, 1858)
• Metaxyonycha panamensis Jacoby, 1890^[22]
• Metaxyonycha parallela (Bechyné, 1951)^[23]
• Metaxyonycha piceola (Bechyné & Bechyné, 1968)^[5]
• Metaxyonycha plagiata Lefèvre, 1891
• Metaxyonycha porcata (Germar, 1824)
• Metaxyonycha problematica (Bechyné, 1951)^[23]
• Metaxyonycha pulchra (Scherer, 1964)^[25]
• Metaxyonycha quadrimaculata (Olivier, 1808)
• Metaxyonycha quadrinotata Marshall, 1864^[4]
• Metaxyonycha radioni (Bechyné, 1952)^[28]
• Metaxyonycha richteri (Bechyné, 1953)^[2]
• Metaxyonycha rosiovittata Bechyné, 1949^[7]
  • Metaxyonycha rosiovittata obsoleta (Bechyné & Bechyné, 1968)^[5]
  • Metaxyonycha rosiovittata rosiovittata Bechyné, 1949
• Metaxyonycha rugosa Jacoby, 1900^[9]
• Metaxyonycha salvini Jacoby, 1881^{[19] [3]}
• Metaxyonycha sanguinea Lefèvre, 1878
• Metaxyonycha schinicola (Bechyné, 1958)^[12]
• Metaxyonycha seabrai (Bechyné & Bechyné, 1968)^[5]
• Metaxyonycha semiocclusa (Bechyné, 1951)^[23]
• Metaxyonycha sergipensis (Bechyné & Bechyné, 1968)^[5]
• Metaxyonycha signata Lefèvre, 1885^[29]
• Metaxyonycha spinifera (Bechyné, 1957)^[8]
• Metaxyonycha tarsata Baly, 1881^[15]
• Metaxyonycha tejucana Marshall, 1864^[4]
• Metaxyonycha tenuenotata (Bechyné, 1950)^[30]
• Metaxyonycha testacea (Fabricius, 1801)
• Metaxyonycha tetrasticta Marshall, 1864^[4]
• Metaxyonycha tricolor (Perty, 1832)
• Metaxyonycha tridentata Jacoby, 1877^[31]
• Metaxyonycha trigonomera (Bechyné & Bechyné, 1968)^[5]
• Metaxyonycha validicornis Lefèvre, 1885^[29]
• Metaxyonycha variolosa Jacoby, 1890^[22]
• Metaxyonycha vianai Bechyné, 1949^[7]
• Metaxyonycha vigia (Bechyné & Bechyné, 1961)^[26]
• Metaxyonycha violena (Bechyné, 1954)^[18]
• Metaxyonycha viridilimbata Lefèvre, 1877^[14]
• Metaxyonycha vittulosa (Bechyné, 1951)^[23]
• Metaxyonycha weyrauchi (Bechyné, 1950)^[30]
  • Metaxyonycha weyrauchi chaparensis (Bechyné, 1951)^[23]
  • Metaxyonycha weyrauchi weyrauchi (Bechyné, 1950)

The following species are synonyms:^[5]

• Metaxyonycha batesi Baly, 1881:^[15] Synonym of Metaxyonycha angusta (Perty, 1832)
• Metaxyonycha formosa Lefèvre, 1883:^[13] Synonym of Metaxyonycha angusta (Perty, 1832)
• Metaxyonycha pretiosa Baly, 1881:^[15] Synonym of Metaxyonycha angusta (Perty, 1832)

Notes and References

1. Flowers. W.. 2004. Colaspis...Maecolaspis...Metaxyonycha...Whatever: an old solution to a persistent problem. Chrysomela. 44. 13.
2. Bechyné. J.. 1953. Katalog der neotropischen Eumolpiden (Col. Phytoph. Chrysomeloidea). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey. 4. 26–303. German.
3. Flowers. R.W.. 1996. The subfamily Eumolpinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Central America. Revista de Biología Tropical Special Publication. 2. 1–59. December 31, 2018.
4. Marshall. T. A.. 1864. Descriptions of new genera and species of Eumolpidæ from the collection of the Rev. Hamlet Clark. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 3. 13. 77. 380–389. 10.1080/00222936408681624.
5. Bechyné. J.. Špringlová de Bechyné. B.. 1968. Notas sobre el género Colaspis (Col. Phytophaga Eumolpidae). Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales la Salle. 28. 81. 225–264.
6. Bechyné. J.. Springlová de Bechyné. B.. 1976. Phytophages [Coléoptérs] récoltés en Guyane Francaise par la mission du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle]. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France . Nouvelle Série. 12. 4. 527–556. 10.1080/21686351.1976.12278584 . 258777463 .
7. Bechyné. J.. 1949. Liste provisoire des Eumolpides de la Republique Argentine et observations diverses sur les Eumolpides de l'Amerique du Sud (Col., Chrysomeloidea). Acta Zoologica Lilloana. 8. 457–535.
8. J.. Bechyné. 1957. Eumolpides neo-tropicaux de la collection du Museo civico di Storia naturale "Giacomo Doria" di Genova (Col. Phytophaga). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria. 69. 226–247.
9. Jacoby. M.. 1900. Descriptions of New Species and a New Genus of South American Eumolpidæ, with Remarks on some of the Genera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London. 48. 4. 453–510. 10.1111/j.1365-2311.1900.tb02719.x.
10. J.. Bechyné. 1955. Reise des Herrn G. Frey in Südamerika: Eumolpidae (Col. Phytophaga). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey Tutzing bei München. 6. 569–657.
11. Flowers. R.W.. 2004. A review of the Neotropical genus Prionodera Chevrolat (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Eumolpinae) with description of a new genus. Zootaxa. 631. 1–54. 10.11646/zootaxa.631.1.1. free.
12. J.. Bechyné. 1958. Notizen zu den neotropischen Chrysomeloidea (Col. Phytophaga). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey Tutzing bei München. 9. 478–706.
13. Lefèvre. E.. 1883. [Les descriptions de quatre espèces nouvelles d'Eumolpides]]. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 6. 3. CXLIX–CLI.
14. Lefèvre. E.. 1877. Descriptions de coléoptères nouveaux ou peu connus de la famille des Eumolpides (1re partie). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 5. 7. 115–166.
15. J. S.. Baly. 1881. Descriptions of uncharacterized species of Eumolpidæ, with notices of some previously described insects belonging to the same Family. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London. 29. 4. 491–506. 10.1111/j.1365-2311.1881.tb00878.x.
16. Lefèvre. E.. 1875. Description d'Eumolpides nouveaux ou peu connus. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée. 3. 3. 65–74.
17. Bowditch. F. C.. 1921. South American Eumolpidæ, mostly of the group Colaspini. The Entomologist. 54. 25–30.
18. Bechyné. J.. 1954. La liste des Eumolpides de Rio Grande do Sul (Brésil) et observations diverses sur les espéces néotropicales. Arquivos do Museu Paranaense. 10. 141–226. (note: pages 196–199 are missing in the PDF)
19. Encyclopedia: Jacoby. M.. 1881. Eumolpidae. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/584677. Insecta. Coleoptera. Biologia Centrali-Americana. 6. 1. 105–187.
20. Lefèvre. E.. 1891. Voyages de M. Emile Gounelle au Brésil. Eumolpides. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 60. 287–296.
21. Bechyné. J.. 1955. Troisieme note sur les Chrysomeloidea néotropicaux des collections de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (Co. Phytophaga) (1) Premiere partie. Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. 31. 1–23.
22. Encyclopedia: Jacoby. M.. 1890. Eumolpidae. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/585383. Insecta. Coleoptera, Supplement to Phytophaga. Biologia Centrali-Americana. 6. 1. 183–241.
23. J.. Bechyné. 1951. Liste provisoire des Eumolpides de Bolivie et observations diverses sur les espèces de l'Amérique du Sud (Col. Phytophaga). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey Tutzing bei München. 2. 227–352.
24. Lefèvre. E.. 1884. Le diagnoses de nouvelles espèces d'Eumolpides. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France. Série 6 . 4 . CXX–CXXI.
25. Scherer. G.. 1964. Beitrag Zur Kenntnis Der Neotropischen Eumolpidenfauna (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpmae). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey Tutzing bei München. 15. 111–128.
26. Bechyné. J.. Špringlová de Bechyné. B.. 1961. Notas sobre Chrysomeloidea Neotropicais II. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi . New Series. 37. 1–93.
27. Lefèvre. E.. 1884. Descriptions de quatre genres nouveaux et de plusieurs espèces nouvelles de coléoptères de la famille des eumolpides. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de Belgique. 1884. cxciii–ccvi.
28. Bechyné. J.. 1952. Deuxieme note sur les Eumolpide Neotropicaus des collections de l'Institut Royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. 28. 1–20.
29. Lefèvre. E.. 1885. Description de quatre nouvelles espèces d'Eumolpides. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France. 6. 5. clxxxix–cxci.
30. J.. Bechyné. 1950. Notes sur les Chrysomeloidea de l'Amerique du Sud et du Centre (Col. Phytoph.). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey Tutzing bei München. 1. 237–269.
31. Jacoby. M.. 1877. Descriptions of new species of Phytophagous Coleoptera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1877. 510–520.