Metallothionein 2A Explained

Metallothionein-2 is a metallothionein protein that in humans is encoded by the MT2A gene.^{[1] [2]}

The single-nucleotide polymorphism rs28366003 which substitutes guanine for adenine in MT2A is associated with certain cancers and some chronic diseases.^[3]

Interactions

Metallothionein 2A has been shown to interact with protein kinase D1.^[4]

Further reading

• Kissling MM, Kägi HR . Primary structure of human hepatic metallothionein. . FEBS Lett. . 82 . 2 . 247–50 . 1977 . 913597 . 10.1016/0014-5793(77)80594-2 . 46396323 . free . 1977FEBSL..82..247K .
• Yamazaki S, Nakanishi M, Hamamoto T, etal . Expression of human metallothionein-II fusion protein in Escherichia coli. . Biochem. Int. . 28 . 3 . 451–60 . 1993 . 1339282 .
• Messerle BA, Schäffer A, Vasák M, etal . Comparison of the solution conformations of human [Zn7]-metallothionein-2 and [Cd7]-metallothionein-2 using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. . J. Mol. Biol. . 225 . 2 . 433–43 . 1992 . 1593628 . 10.1016/0022-2836(92)90930-I .
• Zafarullah M, Martel-Pelletier J, Cloutier JM, etal . Expression of c-fos, c-jun, jun-B, metallothionein and metalloproteinase genes in human chondrocyte. . FEBS Lett. . 306 . 2–3 . 169–72 . 1992 . 1633872 . 10.1016/0014-5793(92)80992-P . 43460076 . free . 1992FEBSL.306..169Z .
• Messerle BA, Schäffer A, Vasák M, etal . Three-dimensional structure of human [113Cd7]metallothionein-2 in solution determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. . J. Mol. Biol. . 214 . 3 . 765–79 . 1990 . 2388267 . 10.1016/0022-2836(90)90291-S .
• Duguid JR, Bohmont CW, Liu NG, Tourtellotte WW . Changes in brain gene expression shared by scrapie and Alzheimer disease. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 86 . 18 . 7260–4 . 1989 . 2780570 . 10.1073/pnas.86.18.7260 . 298037 . 1989PNAS...86.7260D . free .
• Karin M, Haslinger A, Heguy A, etal . Metal-responsive elements act as positive modulators of human metallothionein-IIA enhancer activity. . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 7 . 2 . 606–13 . 1987 . 3821726 . 10.1128/mcb.7.2.606. 365115 .
• Karin M, Haslinger A, Holtgreve H, etal . Characterization of DNA sequences through which cadmium and glucocorticoid hormones induce human metallothionein-IIA gene. . Nature . 308 . 5959 . 513–9 . 1984 . 6323998 . 10.1038/308513a0 . 1984Natur.308..513K . 4357363 .
• Schmidt CJ, Hamer DH, McBride OW . Chromosomal location of human metallothionein genes: implications for Menkes' disease. . Science . 224 . 4653 . 1104–6 . 1984 . 6719135 . 10.1126/science.6719135 . 1984Sci...224.1104S .
• Karin M, Richards RI . Human metallothionein genes: molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the mRNA. . Nucleic Acids Res. . 10 . 10 . 3165–73 . 1982 . 6896577 . 10.1093/nar/10.10.3165 . 320698 .
• Lambert E, Kille P, Swaminathan R . Cloning and sequencing a novel metallothionein I isoform expressed in human reticulocytes. . FEBS Lett. . 389 . 2 . 210–2 . 1996 . 8766831 . 10.1016/0014-5793(96)00587-X . 8195335 . free . 1996FEBSL.389..210L .
• Woo ES, Dellapiazza D, Wang AS, Lazo JS . Energy-dependent nuclear binding dictates metallothionein localization. . J. Cell. Physiol. . 182 . 1 . 69–76 . 1999 . 10567918 . 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4652(200001)182:1<69::AID-JCP8>3.0.CO;2-9 . 31787611 .
• Jiang LJ, Vasák M, Vallee BL, Maret W . Zinc transfer potentials of the alpha - and beta-clusters of metallothionein are affected by domain interactions in the whole molecule. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 97 . 6 . 2503–8 . 2000 . 10716985 . 10.1073/pnas.97.6.2503 . 15958 . 2000PNAS...97.2503J . free .
• Garrett SH, Sens MA, Shukla D, etal . Metallothionein isoform 1 and 2 gene expression in the human prostate: downregulation of MT-1X in advanced prostate cancer. . Prostate . 43 . 2 . 125–35 . 2000 . 10754528 . 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0045(20000501)43:2<125::AID-PROS7>3.0.CO;2-S . 8768274 .
• Ebert MP, Günther T, Hoffmann J, etal . Expression of metallothionein II in intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and gastric cancer. . Cancer Res. . 60 . 7 . 1995–2001 . 2000 . 10766190 .
• Toyama M, Yamashita M, Hirayama N, Murooka Y . Interactions of arsenic with human metallothionein-2. . J. Biochem. . 132 . 2 . 217–21 . 2003 . 12153718 . 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a003213.
• Sun X, Kang YJ . Prior increase in metallothionein levels is required to prevent doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. . Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) . 227 . 8 . 652–7 . 2002 . 12192109 . 10.1177/153537020222700815. 45099558 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Izmailova E, Bertley FM, Huang Q, etal . HIV-1 Tat reprograms immature dendritic cells to express chemoattractants for activated T cells and macrophages. . Nat. Med. . 9 . 2 . 191–7 . 2003 . 12539042 . 10.1038/nm822 . 26145639 .

Notes and References

1. Karin M, Richards RI . Human metallothionein genes--primary structure of the metallothionein-II gene and a related processed gene . Nature . 299 . 5886 . 797–802 . Dec 1982 . 7133118 . 10.1038/299797a0 . 1982Natur.299..797K . 4332683 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: MT2A metallothionein 2A.
3. Sekovanić A, Jurasović J, Piasek M . Metallothionein 2A gene polymorphisms in relation to diseases and trace element levels in humans . Arhiv Za Higijenu Rada I Toksikologiju . 71 . 1 . 27–47 . 2020 . 10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3349 . 7837243 . 32597135 .
4. 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.09.118 . Rao . Prema S . Jaggi Meena . Smith David J . Hemstreet George P . Balaji K C . Oct 2003 . Metallothionein 2A interacts with the kinase domain of PKCmu in prostate cancer . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 310 . 3 . 1032–8 . United States. 0006-291X. 14550308 .