Metallothionein-3 Explained

Metallothionein-3 (also known as Growth Inhibitory Factor) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MT3 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]} It is a 68-amino acid peptide (20 of which are cysteine) that is abnormally under-expressed in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease.^[4] Metallothionein-3 is a member of the metallothionein family of proteins.

Further reading

• Aschner M . The functional significance of brain metallothioneins . FASEB Journal . 10 . 10 . 1129–36 . Aug 1996 . 8751715 . 10.1096/fasebj.10.10.8751715. free . 16464054 .
• Tsuji S, Kobayashi H, Uchida Y, Ihara Y, Miyatake T . Molecular cloning of human growth inhibitory factor cDNA and its down-regulation in Alzheimer's disease . The EMBO Journal . 11 . 13 . 4843–50 . Dec 1992 . 1464312 . 556960 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05590.x.
  • Hewitt JE, Gordon MM, Taggart RT, Mohandas TK, Alpers DH . Human gastric intrinsic factor: characterization of cDNA and genomic clones and localization to human chromosome 11 . Genomics . 10 . 2 . 432–40 . Jun 1991 . 2071148 . 10.1016/0888-7543(91)90329-D .
• Amoureux MC, Wurch T, Pauwels PJ . Modulation of metallothionein-III mRNA content and growth rate of rat C6-glial cells by transfection with human 5-HT1D receptor genes . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 214 . 2 . 639–45 . Sep 1995 . 7677777 . 10.1006/bbrc.1995.2334 .
• Naruse S, Igarashi S, Furuya T, Kobayashi H, Miyatake T, Tsuji S . Structures of the human and mouse growth inhibitory factor-encoding genes . Gene . 144 . 2 . 283–7 . Jul 1994 . 8039715 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90391-3 .
• Moffatt P, Séguin C . Expression of the gene encoding metallothionein-3 in organs of the reproductive system . DNA and Cell Biology . 17 . 6 . 501–10 . Jun 1998 . 9655243 . 10.1089/dna.1998.17.501 .
• Garrett SH, Sens MA, Shukla D, Nestor S, Somji S, Todd JH, Sens DA . Metallothionein isoform 3 expression in the human prostate and cancer-derived cell lines . The Prostate . 41 . 3 . 196–202 . Nov 1999 . 10517878 . 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0045(19991101)41:3<196::AID-PROS7>3.0.CO;2-U . 25580202 .
• Ye B, Maret W, Vallee BL . Zinc metallothionein imported into liver mitochondria modulates respiration . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 98 . 5 . 2317–22 . Feb 2001 . 11226237 . 30136 . 10.1073/pnas.041619198 . 2001PNAS...98.2317Y . free .
• Kim D, Garrett SH, Sens MA, Somji S, Sens DA . Metallothionein isoform 3 and proximal tubule vectorial active transport . Kidney International . 61 . 2 . 464–72 . Feb 2002 . 11849386 . 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00153.x . free .
• Palumaa P, Eriste E, Njunkova O, Pokras L, Jörnvall H, Sillard R . Brain-specific metallothionein-3 has higher metal-binding capacity than ubiquitous metallothioneins and binds metals noncooperatively . Biochemistry . 41 . 19 . 6158–63 . May 2002 . 11994011 . 10.1021/bi025664v .
• Uchida Y, Gomi F, Masumizu T, Miura Y . Growth inhibitory factor prevents neurite extension and the death of cortical neurons caused by high oxygen exposure through hydroxyl radical scavenging . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 277 . 35 . 32353–9 . Aug 2002 . 12058024 . 10.1074/jbc.M111263200 . free .
• You HJ, Lee KJ, Jeong HG . Overexpression of human metallothionein-III prevents hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in human fibroblasts . FEBS Letters . 521 . 1–3 . 175–9 . Jun 2002 . 12067712 . 10.1016/S0014-5793(02)02870-3 . 27345561 . free .
• Roschitzki B, Vasák M . A distinct Cu(4)-thiolate cluster of human metallothionein-3 is located in the N-terminal domain . Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry . 7 . 6 . 611–6 . Jun 2002 . 12072966 . 10.1007/s00775-002-0339-1 . 12554119 .
• Dutta R, Sens DA, Somji S, Sens MA, Garrett SH . Metallothionein isoform 3 expression inhibits cell growth and increases drug resistance of PC-3 prostate cancer cells . The Prostate . 52 . 2 . 89–97 . Jul 2002 . 12111700 . 10.1002/pros.10097 . 25416288 .
• Tate DJ, Miceli MV, Newsome DA . Expression of metallothionein isoforms in human chorioretinal complex . Current Eye Research . 24 . 1 . 12–25 . Jan 2002 . 12187490 . 10.1076/ceyr.24.1.12.5426 . 23835813 .
• You HJ, Oh DH, Choi CY, Lee DG, Hahm KS, Moon AR, Jeong HG . Protective effect of metallothionein-III on DNA damage in response to reactive oxygen species . Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects . 1573 . 1 . 33–8 . Oct 2002 . 12383939 . 10.1016/s0304-4165(02)00325-2 .

Notes and References

1. Palmiter RD, Findley SD, Whitmore TE, Durnam DM . MT-III, a brain-specific member of the metallothionein gene family . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 89 . 14 . 6333–7 . Jul 1992 . 1631128 . 49495 . 10.1073/pnas.89.14.6333 . 1992PNAS...89.6333P . free .
2. Felizola SJ, Nakamura Y, Arata Y, Ise K, Satoh F, Rainey WE, Midorikawa S, Suzuki S, Sasano H . Metallothionein-3 (MT-3) in the human adrenal cortex and its disorders . Endocrine Pathology . 25 . 3 . 229–235 . Sep 2014 . 10.1007/s12022-013-9280-9 . 24242700 . 39871076 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: MT3 metallothionein 3.
4. Uchida . Y . Takio . K . Titani . K . Ihara . Y . Tomonaga . M . The growth inhibitory factor that is deficient in the Alzheimer's disease brain is a 68 amino acid metallothionein-like protein . . 7 . 2 . 337–347 . August 1991 . 1873033 . 10.1016/0896-6273(91)90272-2 . 25819090 .