| En Name: | Meshchovsk |
| Ru Name: | Мещовск |
| Coordinates: | 54.3244°N 35.2808°W |
| Map Label Position: | right |
| Image Coa: | Coat of Arms of Meshchovsk (Kaluga oblast).png |
| Federal Subject: | Kaluga Oblast |
| Adm District Jur: | Meshchovsky District |
| Adm Ctr Of: | Meshchovsky District |
| Inhabloc Cat: | Town |
| Mun District Jur: | Meshchovsky Municipal District |
| Urban Settlement Jur: | Meshchovsk Urban Settlement |
| Mun Admctr Of1: | Meshchovsky Municipal District |
| Mun Admctr Of2: | Meshchovsk Urban Settlement |
| Pop 2010Census: | 4100 |
| Established Date: | 1238 |
| Established Title: | First mentioned |
| Current Cat Date: | 1776 |
| Postal Codes: | 249240 |
Meshchovsk (Russian: Мещо́вск) is a town and the administrative center of Meshchovsky District in Kaluga Oblast, Russia, located on the Tureya River 85km (53miles) southwest of Kaluga, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:
It was first mentioned in Russian chronicles in connection with the Mongol invasion of Rus' in 1238. During the Middle Ages it was the patrimony of Princes Mezetsky.
Catherine the Great granted it town rights in 1776.
During World War II, Meshchovsk was occupied by the German Army from October 7, 1941, to January 7, 1942.
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Meshchovsk serves as the administrative center of Meshchovsky District, to which it is directly subordinated. As a municipal division, the town of Meshchovsk, together with forty-eight rural localities, is incorporated within Meshchovsky Municipal District as Meshchovsk Urban Settlement.[1]
Notable buildings include the old (1678–1696) and new (1829–1854) Orthodox cathedrals, both dedicated to the feast of the Annunciation.
It was the birthplace in 1846 of Vyacheslav von Plehve, the German-descended director of the Imperial Russian Police and later Minister of the Interior.