Mercedes-Benz first series automatic transmission explained

Mercedes-Benz K4A 025K4B 050 · K4C 025 · K4A 040W3A 040 · W3B 050 · W4B 025W4A 018 · W4B 035
Production:1961–1983
Manufacturer:Daimler AG
Class:3 and 4-speed longitudinal automatic transmission
Successor:4G-Tronic

The Mercedes-Benz first series of automatic transmission was produced from 1961 to 1983 in four- and three-speed variants for Mercedes-Benz passenger cars. In addition, variants for commercial vehicles were offered.

This transmission was the first Mercedes-Benz automatic transmission in-house developing.[1] Before this, the company used semi-automatic systems like a vacuum-powered shifting for overdrive or the "Hydrak" hydraulic automatic clutch system. Alternatively, they bought automatic transmissions of other vendors, such as BorgWarner.

The automatic transmissions are for engines with longitudinal layout for rear-wheel-drive layout passenger cars. The control of the fully automatic system is fully hydraulic and it uses electrical wire only for the kickdown solenoid valve and the neutral safety switch.

Physically, it can be recognized for its pan which uses sixteen bolts.

1961: K4A 025
- 4-Speed Transmission With 2 Planetary Gearsets -

Layout

The K4A 025 (without type designation) is the first of the series, launched in April 1961 for the W111 220 SEb, later replaced with the more reliable K4C 025 (type 722.2). It is a 4-speed unit and uses fluid coupling (also referred in some manuals as hydraulic/automatic clutch).

The design of the transmission results in poor shifting comfort, which does not meet Mercedes-Benz standards. This applies in particular to the change from 2nd to 3rd gear (and vice versa), which requires a group change, i.e. affects all shift elements.

Specifications

For this first four-speed model eight main components are used. It is the only exemption which uses only two planetary gearsets for four speeds.

Gear Teeth and Ratios!colspan=2
Planetary Gearset
Teeth Simple		CountTotalAvg.
Model
Type		Version
First Delivery

S1


R1

S2


R2

Brakes
Clutches		Ratio
Span		Gear
Step
Gear

n

R1234
Step

in-1/in

 - R : 11 : 22 : 33 : 4
K4A 025
N/A		25kpm
1961[2] [3] 		50
76		44
76		3
3
Ratio

in


-\tfrac{228}{55}


\tfrac{378}{95}


\tfrac{63}{25}


\tfrac{30}{19}


\tfrac{1}{1}

Step1.04181.57891.59601.5789
Ratio

-\tfrac{R1(S2+R2)}{S1S2}

\tfrac{(S1+R1)(S2+R2)}{S1R2}

\tfrac{S1+R1}{S1}

\tfrac{S2+R2}{R2}

\tfrac{1}{1}

1964: K4B 050 And Follow-Up Products
- 4-Speed Transmissions With 3 Planetary Gearsets -

Layout

The Mercedes-Benz 600 from April 1964, the first post-war "Grand Mercedes", is powered by the Mercedes-Benz M100 engine.This made a gearbox for the highest demands of luxury vehicles necessary. The design of the gearbox in the range was out of the question from the outset. The introduction of the 600 was therefore taken as an opportunity to develop a completely new design for the automatic transmission.

The first model with this new layout was the K4B 050 (without type designation). Beside the new layout the number of pinions is doubled from three to six to handle the much higher torque of the big block V8 engine.

After the satisfactory experience with the new design, it was adopted in 1967 for the new core model K4C 025 (Type 722.2) of the first automatic transmission series from Mercedes-Benz. With the small block V8 engine M 116, the K4A 040 (Type 722.2) was launched as a more powerful version of the same design.

When the torque converter technique was fully established, the fluid coupling was replaced by a torque converter for the smaller engines, which leads to the W4B 025 (type 722.1). Used in L4, L5 and L6 engines due to its lower torque output. In normal situations, it rests stationary in 2nd gear, but it will use 1st gear when the vehicle starts moving and throttle is applied[4] or if L position is selected in gear selector.

The W4A 018 (type 720.1) was derived from the W4B 025 (type 722.1) for vans up to 5600kg (12,300lb) and off road vehicles, the W4B 035 from the W4B 025 (type 722.1) and K4A 040 (type 722.2) for light trucks up to 13000kg (29,000lb). The main difference is the use of straight toothed planetary gearsets instead of skew toothed ones for better fuel efficiency at the price of lower noise comfort.

Specifications

For this second four-speed models eight main components are used.[5]

Gear Teeth and Ratios!colspan=3
Planetary Gearset
Teeth Simple		CountTotalAvg.
SimpsonSimple
Model
Type		Version
First Delivery

S1


R1

S2


R2

S3


R2

Brakes
Clutches		Ratio
Span		Gear
Step
Gear

n

R1234
Step

in-1/in

 - R : 11 : 22 : 33 : 4
K4B 050
N/A		51kpm
1964		50
76		44
76		44
76		3
2
Ratio

in


-\tfrac{228}{55}


\tfrac{378}{95}


\tfrac{1,168}{475}


\tfrac{30}{19}


\tfrac{1}{1}

Step1.04181.61821.55731.5789
K4C 025
722.2		25kpm
1967[6] 		44
76		44
76		35
76		3
2
Ratio

in


-\tfrac{228}{55}


\tfrac{1,665}{418}


\tfrac{5,439}{2280}


\tfrac{111}{76}


\tfrac{1}{1}

Step1.37521.66981.63331.4605
K4A 040
722.2		40kpm
1969		44
76		44
76		35
76		3
2
Ratio
Step1.37521.66981.63331.4605
W4B 025
722.1		25kpm
1972		44
76		44
76		35
76		3
2
Ratio
Step1.37521.66981.63331.4605
W4A 018
720.1		18kpm
1975		46
80		46
80		37
80		3
2
Ratio

in


-\tfrac{4,680}{851}


\tfrac{7,371}{1,840}


\tfrac{1,339}{560}


\tfrac{117}{80}


\tfrac{1}{1}

Step1.37281.67541.63491.4625
W4B 035
N/A		35kpm
1975		42
78		42
78		36
78		3
2
Ratio

in


-\tfrac{2,223}{378}


\tfrac{3,420}{819}


\tfrac{627}{260}


\tfrac{57}{39}


\tfrac{1}{1}

Step1.40831.73161.65001.4615
Ratio
R & Even

-\tfrac{R1(S3+R3)}{S1S3}

\tfrac{(S1(S2+R2)+R1S2)(S3+R3)}{S1(S2+R2)R3}

\tfrac{1}{1}

Ratio
Odd

\tfrac{(S1+R1)(S3+R3)}{S1R3}

\tfrac{S3+R3}{R3}

1971: W3A 040 And Follow-Up Products
- 3-Speed Transmissions With 2 Planetary Gearsets -

Layout

When the torque converter technique was fully established, three-speed units, the W3A 040 and W3B 050 (type 722.0) is combined with V8 engines, and it uses torque converter instead of fluid coupling.[1] [5] The transmission saves one planetary gearset and uses the same housing as the four-speed versions. The free space therefore is used to reinforce the shift elements (brakes and clutches) to handle the higher torque of the V8 engines.

First the W3A 040 was released for the all new M117 V8 engine of the Mercedes-Benz W108 and W109 in 1971. The second in the series is the W3B 050, which was released initially for the W116 450 SE and SEL in 1973. At that time the four-speed transmission for the 350 SE and SEL was replaced by this three-speed model. The reinforced W3B 050 reinforced (type 722.003) is the strongest of the series, able to handle the input of the enlarged version of the Mercedes-Benz M100 engine, the biggest Mercedes-Benz engine in post-war history,[7] exclusively used in the W116 450 SEL 6.9.

Specifications

For the three-speed models seven main components are used, which shows economic equivalence with the direct competitor.

Gear Teeth and Ratios!colspan=2
Planetary Gearset
Teeth Simple		CountTotalAvg.
Model
Type		Version
First Delivery

S1


R1

S2


R2

Brakes
Clutches		Ratio
Span		Gear
Step
Gear

n

R123
Step

in-1/in

 - R : 11 : 22 : 3
W3A 040
722.0		40kpm
1971[8] 		44
76		35
76		3
2
Ratio

in


-\tfrac{1,221}{665}


\tfrac{1,665}{722}


\tfrac{111}{76}


\tfrac{1}{1}

Step0.79621.57891.4605
W3B 050
722.0		50kpm
1973		44
76		35
76		3
2
Ratio
Step0.79621.57891.4605
W3B 050 reinf.
722.0		56kpm
1975		44
76		35
76		3
2
Ratio
Step0.79621.57891.4605
Ratio

-\tfrac{S1(S2+R2)}{R1S2}

\tfrac{(S1+R1)(S2+R2)}{R1R2}

\tfrac{S2+R2}{R2}

\tfrac{1}{1}

Applications

K4C 025

K4A 040

W3A 040

W3B 050

W4B 025

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 50 years of automatic transmissions from Mercedes-Benz.
  2. Johannes Looman · Zahnradgetriebe · pp. 133 ff · Berlin and Heidelberg 1970 · Print
  3. Ergebnis und Ausblick · Festschrift für Herrn Prof. Dr. Hans Joachim Förster zum Ausscheiden als Direktor aus dem aktiven Dienst der Daimler-Benz AG November 1982 (Result And Outlook · commemorative publication for Prof. Dr. Hans Joachim Foerster on the occasion of leaving as director from active duty at Daimler-Benz AG November 1982) · pp. 6 · 20
  4. Web site: MB Passenger Car Series 116, PDF p. 11.
  5. Web site: MB Passenger Car Series 116, PDF p. 10.
  6. Ergebnis und Ausblick · Festschrift für Herrn Prof. Dr. Hans Joachim Förster zum Ausscheiden als Direktor aus dem aktiven Dienst der Daimler-Benz AG November 1982 (Result And Outlook · commemorative publication for Prof. Dr. Hans Joachim Foerster on the occasion of leaving as director from active duty at Daimler-Benz AG November 1982) · pp. 7 · 20
  7. Only surpassed by the Mercedes-Benz 770, built from 1930 to 1943
  8. Hans Joachim Foerster · Automatische Fahrzeuggetriebe · p. 452 · Berlin and Heidelberg 1991 · Print · Online
  9. Web site: MB AUS 1979, PDF p. 57.

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