109th United States Congress explained

Imagename:United States Capitol
Imagedate:2006
Ordinal:109
Start:January 3, 2005
End:January 3, 2007
Vp:Dick Cheney (R)
Pro Tem:Ted Stevens (R)
Speaker:Dennis Hastert (R)
Reps:435
Senators:100
Delegates:5
H-Majority:Republican
S-Majority:Republican
Sessionnumber1:1st
Sessionstart1:January 4, 2005
Sessionend1:December 22, 2005
Sessionnumber2:2nd
Sessionstart2:January 3, 2006
Sessionend2:December 8, 2006

The 109th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives, from January 3, 2005, to January 3, 2007, during the fifth and sixth years of George W. Bush's presidency. House members were elected in the 2004 elections on November 2, 2004. Senators were elected in three classes in the 2000 elections on November 7, 2000, 2002 elections on November 5, 2002, or 2004 elections on November 2, 2004. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 2000 United States census.

This is the most recent Congress to feature a Republican senator from Rhode Island, Lincoln Chafee, who lost re-election in 2006.

The Republicans maintained control of both the House and the Senate (slightly increasing their majority in both chambers), and with the reelection of President Bush, the Republicans maintained an overall federal government trifecta.

Major events

See main article: 2005 in the United States, 2006 in the United States and 2007 in the United States.

Major legislation

Enacted

See main article: List of acts of the 109th United States Congress.

Proposed, but not enacted

More information: Complete index of Public and Private Laws for 109th Congress at U.S. Government Printing Office

Hearings

See also: Congressional hearing.

Party summary

Senate

The party summary for the Senate remained the same during the entire 109th Congress. On January 16, 2006, Democrat Jon Corzine resigned, but Democrat Bob Menendez was appointed and took Corzine's seat the next day.

House of Representatives

Due to resignations and special elections, Republicans lost a net of three seats; Democrats gained one seat; three seats were left vacant; and one seat which was vacant at the beginning of the Congress was filled. All seats were filled though special elections. (See Changes in membership, below.)

AffiliationParty
Total
DemocraticIndependentRepublicanVacant
End of previous Congress20412274323
Begin20112324341
March 10, 20052024350
April 29, 20052314341
August 2, 20052304332
September 6, 20052314341
December 1, 20052304332
December 7, 20052314341
January 16, 20062014332
June 9, 20062304323
June 13, 20062314332
September 29, 20062304323
November 3, 20062294314
November 13, 20062022304332
December 31, 20062294323
Final voting share47.0%<-- (202+1)/432 -->53.0%
style=font-size:80% Non-voting members41050
Beginning of next Congress23302024350

Leadership

Senate

Majority (Republican) leadership

Minority (Democratic) leadership

House of Representatives

Majority (Republican) leadership

Minority (Democratic) leadership

Members

Senate

See also: 2004 United States Senate elections. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 2006; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 2008; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 2010.

Alabama

2. Jeff Sessions (R)

3. Richard Shelby (R)

Alaska

2. Ted Stevens (R)

3. Lisa Murkowski (R)

Arizona

1. Jon Kyl (R)

3. John McCain (R)

Arkansas

2. Mark Pryor (D)

3. Blanche Lincoln (D)

California

1. Dianne Feinstein (D)

3. Barbara Boxer (D)

Colorado

2. Wayne Allard (R)

3. Ken Salazar (D)

Connecticut

1. Joseph Lieberman (D)

3. Christopher Dodd (D)

Delaware

1. Tom Carper (D)

2. Joe Biden (D)

Florida

1. Bill Nelson (D)

3. Mel Martinez (R)

Georgia

2. Saxby Chambliss (R)

3. Johnny Isakson (R)

Hawaii

1. Daniel Akaka (D)

3. Daniel Inouye (D)

Idaho

2. Larry Craig (R)

3. Mike Crapo (R)

Illinois

2. Dick Durbin (D)

3. Barack Obama (D)

Indiana

1. Richard Lugar (R)

3. Evan Bayh (D)

Iowa

2. Tom Harkin (D)

3. Chuck Grassley (R)

Kansas

2. Pat Roberts (R)

3. Sam Brownback (R)

Kentucky

2. Mitch McConnell (R)

3. Jim Bunning (R)

Louisiana

2. Mary Landrieu (D)

3. David Vitter (R)

Maine

1. Olympia Snowe (R)

2. Susan Collins (R)

Maryland

1. Paul Sarbanes (D)

3. Barbara Mikulski (D)

Massachusetts

1. Ted Kennedy (D)

2. John Kerry (D)

Michigan

1. Debbie Stabenow (D)

2. Carl Levin (D)

Minnesota

1. Mark Dayton (DFL)[10]

2. Norm Coleman (R)

Mississippi

1. Trent Lott (R)

2. Thad Cochran (R)

Missouri

1. James Talent (R)

3. Kit Bond (R)

Montana

1. Conrad Burns (R)

2. Max Baucus (D)

Nebraska

1. Ben Nelson (D)

2. Chuck Hagel (R)

Nevada

1. John Ensign (R)

3. Harry Reid (D)

New Hampshire

2. John E. Sununu (R)

3. Judd Gregg (R)

New Jersey

1. Jon Corzine (D), until January 17, 2006

Bob Menendez (D), from January 18, 2006

2. Frank Lautenberg (D)

New Mexico

1. Jeff Bingaman (D)

2. Pete Domenici (R)

New York

1. Hillary Clinton (D)

3. Chuck Schumer (D)

North Carolina

2. Elizabeth Dole (R)

3. Richard Burr (R)

North Dakota

1. Kent Conrad (D-NPL)

3. Byron Dorgan (D-NPL)

Ohio

1. Mike DeWine (R)

3. George Voinovich (R)

Oklahoma

2. James Inhofe (R)

3. Tom Coburn (R)

Oregon

2. Gordon Smith (R)

3. Ron Wyden (D)

Pennsylvania

1. Rick Santorum (R)

3. Arlen Specter (R)

Rhode Island

1. Lincoln Chafee (R)

2. Jack Reed (D)

South Carolina

2. Lindsey Graham (R)

3. Jim DeMint (R)

South Dakota

2. Tim Johnson (D)

3. John Thune (R)

Tennessee

1. Bill Frist (R)

2. Lamar Alexander (R)

Texas

1. Kay Bailey Hutchison (R)

2. John Cornyn (R)

Utah

1. Orrin Hatch (R)

3. Robert Bennett (R)

Vermont

1. Jim Jeffords (I)

3. Patrick Leahy (D)

Virginia

1. George Allen (R)

2. John Warner (R)

Washington

1. Maria Cantwell (D)

3. Patty Murray (D)

West Virginia

1. Robert Byrd (D)

2. Jay Rockefeller (D)

Wisconsin

1. Herb Kohl (D)

3. Russ Feingold (D)

Wyoming

1. Craig Thomas (R)

2. Mike Enzi (R)

House of Representatives

See also: 2004 United States House of Representatives elections and List of United States congressional districts. The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Alabama

. Jo Bonner (R)

. Terry Everett (R)

. Mike D. Rogers (R)

. Robert Aderholt (R)

. Bud Cramer (D)

. Spencer Bachus (R)

. Artur Davis (D)

Alaska

. Don Young (R)

Arizona

. Rick Renzi (R)

. Trent Franks (R)

. John Shadegg (R)

. Ed Pastor (D)

. J.D. Hayworth (R)

. Jeff Flake (R)

. Raúl Grijalva (D)

. Jim Kolbe (R)

Arkansas

. Marion Berry (D)

. Vic Snyder (D)

. John Boozman (R)

. Mike Ross (D)

California

. Mike Thompson (D)

. Wally Herger (R)

. Dan Lungren (R)

. John Doolittle (R)

. Vacant, until March 9, 2005

Doris Matsui (D), from March 10, 2005

. Lynn Woolsey (D)

. George Miller (D)

. Nancy Pelosi (D)

. Barbara Lee (D)

. Ellen Tauscher (D)

. Richard Pombo (R)

. Tom Lantos (D)

. Pete Stark (D)

. Anna Eshoo (D)

. Mike Honda (D)

. Zoe Lofgren (D)

. Sam Farr (D)

. Dennis Cardoza (D)

. George Radanovich (R)

. Jim Costa (D)

. Devin Nunes (R)

. Bill Thomas (R)

. Lois Capps (D)

. Elton Gallegly (R)

. Howard McKeon (R)

. David Dreier (R)

. Brad Sherman (D)

. Howard Berman (D)

. Adam Schiff (D)

. Henry Waxman (D)

. Xavier Becerra (D)

. Hilda Solis (D)

. Diane Watson (D)

. Lucille Roybal-Allard (D)

. Maxine Waters (D)

. Jane Harman (D)

. Juanita Millender-McDonald (D)

. Grace Napolitano (D)

. Linda Sánchez (D)

. Edward R. Royce (R)

. Jerry Lewis (R)

. Gary Miller (R)

. Joe Baca (D)

. Ken Calvert (R)

. Mary Bono (R)

. Dana Rohrabacher (R)

. Loretta Sanchez (D)

. Christopher Cox (R) until August 2, 2005

John Campbell (R) from December 7, 2005

. Darrell Issa (R)

. Randy "Duke" Cunningham (R) until December 1, 2005

Brian Bilbray (R) from June 13, 2006

. Bob Filner (D)

. Duncan Hunter (R)

. Susan Davis (D)

Colorado

. Diana DeGette (D)

. Mark Udall (D)

. John Salazar (D)

. Marilyn Musgrave (R)

. Joel Hefley (R)

. Tom Tancredo (R)

. Bob Beauprez (R)

Connecticut

. John Larson (D)

. Rob Simmons (R)

. Rosa DeLauro (D)

. Chris Shays (R)

. Nancy Johnson (R)

Delaware

. Mike Castle (R)

Florida

. Jeff Miller (R)

. Allen Boyd (D)

. Corrine Brown (D)

. Ander Crenshaw (R)

. Ginny Brown-Waite (R)

. Cliff Stearns (R)

. John Mica (R)

. Ric Keller (R)

. Michael Bilirakis (R)

. Bill Young (R)

. Jim Davis (D)

. Adam Putnam (R)

. Katherine Harris (R)

. Connie Mack IV (R)

. Dave Weldon (R)

. Mark Foley (R), until September 29, 2006, vacant thereafter

. Kendrick Meek (D)

. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (R)

. Robert Wexler (D)

. Debbie Wasserman Schultz (D)

. Lincoln Diaz-Balart (R)

. Clay Shaw (R)

. Alcee Hastings (D)

. Tom Feeney (R)

. Mario Diaz-Balart (R)

Georgia

. Jack Kingston (R)

. Sanford Bishop (D)

. Jim Marshall (D)

. Cynthia McKinney (D)

. John Lewis (D)

. Tom Price (R)

. John Linder (R)

. Lynn Westmoreland (R)

. Charlie Norwood (R)

. Nathan Deal (R)

. Phil Gingrey (R)

. John Barrow (D)

. David Scott (D)

Hawaii

. Neil Abercrombie (D)

. Ed Case (D)

Idaho

. C. L. Otter (R)

. Michael K. Simpson (R)

Illinois

. Bobby Rush (D)

. Jesse Jackson Jr. (D)

. Dan Lipinski (D)

. Luis Gutiérrez (D)

. Rahm Emanuel (D)

. Henry Hyde (R)

. Danny K. Davis (D)

. Melissa Bean (D)

. Janice D. Schakowsky (D)

. Mark Steven Kirk (R)

. Jerry Weller (R)

. Jerry Costello (D)

. Judy Biggert (R)

. Dennis Hastert (R)

. Timothy V. Johnson (R)

. Donald Manzullo (R)

. Lane Evans (D)

. Ray LaHood (R)

. John Shimkus (R)

Indiana

. Pete Visclosky (D)

. Chris Chocola (R)

. Mark Souder (R)

. Steve Buyer (R)

. Dan Burton (R)

. Mike Pence (R)

. Julia Carson (D)

. John Hostettler (R)

. Mike Sodrel (R)

Iowa

. Jim Nussle (R)

. Jim Leach (R)

. Leonard Boswell (D)

. Tom Latham (R)

. Steve King (R)

Kansas

. Jerry Moran (R)

. Jim Ryun (R)

. Dennis Moore (D)

. Todd Tiahrt (R)

Kentucky

. Ed Whitfield (R)

. Ron Lewis (R)

. Anne Northup (R)

. Geoff Davis (R)

. Hal Rogers (R)

. Ben Chandler (D)

Louisiana

. Bobby Jindal (R)

. William J. Jefferson (D)

. Charlie Melançon (D)

. Jim McCrery (R)

. Rodney Alexander (R)

. Richard H. Baker (R)

. Charles Boustany (R)

Maine

. Tom Allen (D)

. Mike Michaud (D)

Maryland

. Wayne Gilchrest (R)

. Dutch Ruppersberger (D)

. Ben Cardin (D)

. Albert Wynn (D)

. Steny Hoyer (D)

. Roscoe Bartlett (R)

. Elijah Cummings (D)

. Chris Van Hollen (D)

Massachusetts

. John Olver (D)

. Richard Neal (D)

. Jim McGovern (D)

. Barney Frank (D)

. Marty Meehan (D)

. John Tierney (D)

. Ed Markey (D)

. Mike Capuano (D)

. Stephen Lynch (D)

. Bill Delahunt (D)

Michigan

. Bart Stupak (D)

. Peter Hoekstra (R)

. Vern Ehlers (R)

. David Lee Camp (R)

. Dale Kildee (D)

. Fred Upton (R)

. Joe Schwarz (R)

. Mike Rogers (R)

. Joe Knollenberg (R)

. Candice Miller (R)

. Thaddeus McCotter (R)

. Sander Levin (D)

. Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick (D)

. John Conyers (D)

. John Dingell (D)

Minnesota

. Gil Gutknecht (R)

. John Kline (R)

. Jim Ramstad (R)

. Betty McCollum (DFL)[10]

. Martin Olav Sabo (DFL)[10]

. Mark Kennedy (R)

. Collin Peterson (DFL)[10]

. James Oberstar (DFL)[10]

Mississippi

. Roger Wicker (R)

. Bennie Thompson (D)

. Chip Pickering (R)

. Gene Taylor (D)

Missouri

. Lacy Clay (D)

. Todd Akin (R)

. Russ Carnahan (D)

. Ike Skelton (D)

. Emanuel Cleaver (D)

. Sam Graves (R)

. Roy Blunt (R)

. Jo Ann Emerson (R)

. Kenny Hulshof (R)

Montana

. Denny Rehberg (R)

Nebraska

. Jeff Fortenberry (R)

. Lee Terry (R)

. Tom Osborne (R)

Nevada

. Shelley Berkley (D)

. Jim Gibbons (R), until December 31, 2006, vacant thereafter

. Jon Porter (R)

New Hampshire

. Jeb Bradley (R)

. Charlie Bass (R)

New Jersey

. Rob Andrews (D)

. Frank LoBiondo (R)

. Jim Saxton (R)

. Chris Smith (R)

. Scott Garrett (R)

. Frank Pallone (D)

. Mike Ferguson (R)

. Bill Pascrell Jr. (D)

. Steve Rothman (D)

. Donald M. Payne (D)

. Rodney Frelinghuysen (R)

. Rush D. Holt Jr. (D)

. Bob Menendez (D), until January 17, 2006

Albio Sires (D), from November 13, 2006

New Mexico

. Heather Wilson (R)

. Steve Pearce (R)

. Tom Udall (D)

New York

. Tim Bishop (D)

. Steve Israel (D)

. Peter T. King (R)

. Carolyn McCarthy (D)

. Gary Ackerman (D)

. Gregory Meeks (D)

. Joseph Crowley (D)

. Jerry Nadler (D)

. Anthony Weiner (D)

. Edolphus Towns (D)

. Major Owens (D)

. Nydia Velázquez (D)

. Vito Fossella (R)

. Carolyn Maloney (D)

. Charles Rangel (D)

. José E. Serrano (D)

. Eliot Engel (D)

. Nita Lowey (D)

. Sue W. Kelly (R)

. John E. Sweeney (R)

. Michael R. McNulty (D)

. Maurice Hinchey (D)

. John M. McHugh (R)

. Sherwood Boehlert (R)

. Jim Walsh (R)

. Tom Reynolds (R)

. Brian Higgins (D)

. Louise McIntosh Slaughter (D)

. Randy Kuhl (R)

North Carolina

. G. K. Butterfield (D)

. Bob Etheridge (D)

. Walter B. Jones (R)

. David Price (D)

. Virginia Foxx (R)

. Howard Coble (R)

. Mike McIntyre (D)

. Robin Hayes (R)

. Sue Wilkins Myrick (R)

. Patrick McHenry (R)

. Charles H. Taylor (R)

. Mel Watt (D)

. Brad Miller (D)

North Dakota

. Earl Pomeroy (D-NPL)

Ohio

. Steve Chabot (R)

. Rob Portman (R) until April 29, 2005

Jean Schmidt (R), from September 6, 2005

. Mike Turner (R)

. Mike Oxley (R)

. Paul Gillmor (R)

. Ted Strickland (D)

. Dave Hobson (R)

. John Boehner (R)

. Marcia Kaptur (D)

. Dennis Kucinich (D)

. Stephanie Tubbs Jones (D)

. Pat Tiberi (R)

. Sherrod Brown (D)

. Steve LaTourette (R)

. Deborah Pryce (R)

. Ralph Regula (R)

. Tim Ryan (D)

. Robert W. Ney (R) until November 3, 2006, vacant thereafter

Oklahoma

. John Sullivan (R)

. Dan Boren (D)

. Frank Lucas (R)

. Tom Cole (R)

. Ernest Istook (R)

Oregon

. David Wu (D)

. Greg Walden (R)

. Earl Blumenauer (D)

. Peter DeFazio (D)

. Darlene Hooley (D)

Pennsylvania

. Bob Brady (D)

. Chaka Fattah (D)

. Phil English (R)

. Melissa Hart (R)

. John E. Peterson (R)

. Jim Gerlach (R)

. Curt Weldon (R)

. Mike Fitzpatrick (R)

. Bill Shuster (R)

. Don Sherwood (R)

. Paul Kanjorski (D)

. John Murtha (D)

. Allyson Schwartz (D)

. Michael F. Doyle (D)

. Charlie Dent (R)

. Joseph R. Pitts (R)

. Tim Holden (D)

. Tim Murphy (R)

. Todd Russell Platts (R)

Rhode Island

. Patrick J. Kennedy (D)

. James Langevin (D)

South Carolina

. Henry E. Brown Jr. (R)

. Joe Wilson (R)

. Gresham Barrett (R)

. Bob Inglis (R)

. John Spratt (D)

. Jim Clyburn (D)

South Dakota

. Stephanie Herseth (D)

Tennessee

. William L. Jenkins (R)

. John Duncan (R)

. Zach Wamp (R)

. Lincoln Davis (D)

. Jim Cooper (D)

. Bart Gordon (D)

. Marsha Blackburn (R)

. John S. Tanner (D)

. Harold Ford Jr. (D)

Texas

. Louie Gohmert (R)

. Ted Poe (R)

. Sam Johnson (R)

. Ralph Hall (R)

. Jeb Hensarling (R)

. Joe Barton (R)

. John Culberson (R)

. Kevin Brady (R)

. Al Green (D)

. Michael McCaul (R)

. Mike Conaway (R)

. Kay Granger (R)

. Mac Thornberry (R)

. Ron Paul (R)

. Rubén Hinojosa (D)

. Silvestre Reyes (D)

. Chet Edwards (D)

. Sheila Jackson-Lee (D)

. Randy Neugebauer (R)

. Charlie Gonzalez (D)

. Lamar S. Smith (R)

. Tom DeLay (R), until June 9, 2006

Shelley Sekula-Gibbs (R), from November 13, 2006

. Henry Bonilla (R)

. Kenny Marchant (R)

. Lloyd Doggett (D)

. Michael C. Burgess (R)

. Solomon P. Ortiz (D)

. Henry Cuellar (D)

. Gene Green (D)

. Eddie Bernice Johnson (D)

. John Carter (R)

. Pete Sessions (R)

Utah

. Rob Bishop (R)

. Jim Matheson (D)

. Chris Cannon (R)

Vermont

. Bernie Sanders (I)

Virginia

. Jo Ann Davis (R)

. Thelma Drake (R)

. Robert C. Scott (D)

. Randy Forbes (R)

. Virgil Goode (R)

. Bob Goodlatte (R)

. Eric Cantor (R)

. Jim Moran (D)

. Rick Boucher (D)

. Frank Wolf (R)

. Thomas M. Davis (R)

Washington

. Jay Inslee (D)

. Rick Larsen (D)

. Brian Baird (D)

. Doc Hastings (R)

. Cathy McMorris (R)

. Norm Dicks (D)

. Jim McDermott (D)

. Dave Reichert (R)

. Adam Smith (D)

West Virginia

. Alan Mollohan (D)

. Shelley Moore Capito (R)

. Nick Rahall (D)

Wisconsin

. Paul Ryan (R)

. Tammy Baldwin (D)

. Ron Kind (D)

. Gwen Moore (D)

. Jim Sensenbrenner (R)

. Tom Petri (R)

. Dave Obey (D)

. Mark Green (R)

Wyoming

. Barbara Cubin (R)

Non-voting members

. Eni Faleomavaega (D)

. Eleanor Holmes Norton (D)

. Madeleine Bordallo (D)

. Luis Fortuño (Resident Commissioner) (R/PNP)

. Donna Christian-Christensen (D)

Changes in membership

Members who came and left during this Congress.

Senate

See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate. |-| New Jersey
(1)| | Jon Corzine (D)| Incumbent resigned to become Governor of New Jersey on January 17, 2006.
Successor appointed on January 18, 2006, and later elected for a full six-year term.| | Bob Menendez (D)| January 18, 2006|}

House of Representatives

See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives.

|-| | None| style="font-size:80%" | Representative Bob Matsui (D) died January 1, 2005 — before the end of the previous Congress. A special election was held March 8, 2005| | Doris Matsui (D)| March 10, 2005|-| | | Rob Portman (R)| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned April 29, 2005, to become the United States Trade Representative. A special election was held August 2, 2005| | Jean Schmidt (R)| September 6, 2005[11] |-| | | Christopher Cox (R)| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned August 2, 2005, to become chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. A special election was held December 6, 2005| | John Campbell (R)| December 7, 2005[12] |-| | | Duke Cunningham (R)| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 1, 2005, after pleading guilty to conspiracy for bribes and tax evasion. A special election was held June 6, 2006| | Brian Bilbray (R)| June 13, 2006[13] |-| | | Bob Menendez (D)| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 16, 2006, to become a U.S. Senator. A special election was held November 7, 2006| | Albio Sires (D)| November 13, 2006[14] |-| | | Tom DeLay (R)| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned June 9, 2006, after a series of criminal indictments. A special election was held November 6, 2006| | Shelley Sekula-Gibbs (R)| November 13, 2006[15] |-| | | Mark Foley (R)| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned September 29, 2006, after a teen sex scandal.| colspan=2 rowspan=3 | Remained vacant until the next Congress.[16] |-| | | Bob Ney (R)| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned November 3, 2006, after pleading guilty to conspiracy.|-| | | Jim Gibbons (R)| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 31, 2006, to become Governor of Nevada.|}

Committees

Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Caucuses

See main article: Caucuses of the United States Congress.

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

Senate

House of Representatives

Employees include:

See also

Elections

Membership lists

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: Opinion. Our view on Congress wrapping up: 109th Congress' big success: Lowering the achievement bar . USA Today. MacLean, VA. December 11, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20071021180254/http://blogs.usatoday.com/oped/2006/12/post_22.html. October 21, 2007.
  2. Cochran . John . 'Do-Nothing Congress' Raises Critics' Ire . This Week with George Stephanopoulos . This Week (ABC TV series) . ABC . May 12, 2006 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240614024555/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/story?id=1955256&page=1 . Jun 14, 2024 .
  3. News: Shepard. Scott . 109th may be the real 'do nothing' Congress. Cox News Service. Atlanta, GA. December 10, 2006.
  4. The Cafferty File: Do-Nothing Congress . Jack Cafferty . The Situation Room with Wolf Blitzer . The Situation Room with Wolf Blitzer . CNN . December 4, 2006.
  5. Web site: Cafferty . Jack . December 4, 2006 . The Cafferty File: Do-Nothing Congress . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220816032558/http://www.cnn.com/CNN/Programs/situation.room/blog/2006/12/cafferty-file-do-nothing-congress.html . Aug 16, 2022 . Situation Room . CNN.
  6. Goodbye To The Do-Nothing Congress . Face The Nation . Face The Nation . CBS . December 10, 2006.
  7. Web site: Klatell . James M . February 11, 2009 . Goodbye To The Do-Nothing Congress . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131019154452/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/12/10/opinion/schieffer/main2244096.shtml . Oct 19, 2013 . CBS News.
  8. News: Dobbs. Lou. Lou Dobbs. Five-weeks off for 'do-nothing Congress'. CNN. August 2, 2006. November 12, 2006.
  9. Book: Mann . T. . Ornstein . N. . The Broken Branch: How Congress Is Failing America and How to Get It Back on Track . OUP USA . N.Y., N.Y. . 2006 . Norman J. Ornstein . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070901124217/http://www.us.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/Politics/AmericanPolitics/LegislativeStudies/?view=usa&ci=9780195174465 . September 1, 2007 .
  10. The Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL) is affiliated with the United States Democratic Party.

  11. A primary election was held on June 14, 2005. A runoff election was held on August 2, 2005. Jean Schmidt won and took her seat the next month. See Ohio 2nd congressional district election, 2005.

  12. A primary election was held on October 4, 2005. A runoff election was held on December 6, 2005. John Campbell won and took his seat the next day.See California 48th Congressional District Election, 2005.

  13. A primary election was held on April 11, 2006. A runoff election was held on June 6, 2006. Brian Bilbray won and took his seat one week later.See California 50th congressional district special election, 2006.

  14. An election was held to fill the unexpired term at the November 7, 2006 General Election. Sires was sworn in on November 13. See New Jersey 13th congressional district special election, 2006.

  15. An election was held to fill the unexpired term at the November 7, 2006 General Election. Sekula-Gibbs took her seat on November 13.
  16. http://www.wtopnews.com/?nid=213&sid=957208 2 Election Winners to Fill Vacancies"

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "109th United States Congress".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.