Mel Carnahan Explained

Mel Carnahan
Office:United States Senator-elect
from Missouri
Term Label:Elected posthumously
Term:November 7, 2000
Predecessor:John Ashcroft (as senator)
Successor:Jean Carnahan (as senator)
Order1:51st Governor of Missouri
Lieutenant1:Roger B. Wilson
Term Start1:January 11, 1993
Term End1:October 16, 2000
Predecessor1:John Ashcroft
Successor1:Roger B. Wilson
Office2:43rd Lieutenant Governor of Missouri
Governor2:John Ashcroft
Term Start2:January 9, 1989
Term End2:January 11, 1993
Predecessor2:Harriett Woods
Successor2:Roger B. Wilson
Office3:40th Treasurer of Missouri
Governor3:Kit Bond
Term Start3:January 12, 1981
Term End3:January 14, 1985
Predecessor3:Jim Spainhower
Successor3:Wendell Bailey
Office4:Member of the Missouri House of Representatives from Phelps County
Term Start4:January 2, 1963
Term End4:January 4, 1967
Predecessor4:Gene Sally
Successor4:District abolished
Birth Name:Melvin Eugene Carnahan
Birth Date:11 February 1934
Birth Place:Birch Tree, Missouri, U.S.
Death Place:near Hillsboro, Missouri, U.S.
Party:Democratic
Father:A. S. J. Carnahan
Children:4, including Russ and Robin
Relatives:Carnahan family
Education: (BA)
University of Missouri (JD)
Allegiance: United States
Unit:Air Force Office of Special Investigations
Rank:First Lieutenant

Melvin Eugene Carnahan (February 11, 1934 – October 16, 2000) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 51st governor of Missouri from 1993 until his death in 2000. Carnahan was a Democrat and held various positions in government.

Born in rural Missouri, Carnahan was the son of Representative A. S. J. Carnahan and attended campaign events with his father. He moved to Washington, D.C., with his father and attended high school and college there. After a stint in the U.S. Air Force Office of Special Investigations, Carnahan returned to Missouri, graduating from the University of Missouri in 1959. Shortly after, he moved to Rolla with an eye on entering politics.

First elected as a municipal judge in 1960, Carnahan was elected as a state representative for Phelps County in 1962, where he became majority leader during his second term. After being defeated in a race for state senate in 1966, Carnahan practiced law in Rolla. He returned to politics in 1980, being elected as state treasurer. He served in the post for four years and was defeated in the Democratic primary for governor in 1984. In 1988, he made a second political comeback, winning an election for lieutenant governor, the sole Democratic win statewide.

In 1992, Carnahan made a second bid for governor and defeated St. Louis Mayor Vincent Schoemehl in the Democratic primary. In the general election, he defeated state Attorney General William Webster, becoming the first Democrat elected governor since 1976. During his first term, he signed legislation concerning education and taxes into law. He also dealt with crises such as the Great Flood of 1993. Carnahan was re-elected in 1996, defeating State Auditor Margaret Kelly. During his second term, he faced adversity on issues such as abortion, where his veto of a bill restricting abortion was overridden by the state legislature, and faced controversy surrounding his pardon of a death row inmate at the behest of Pope John Paul II.

In 2000, he ran for the U.S. Senate against incumbent John Ashcroft in a hotly contested election. During the final weeks of the campaign, Carnahan was killed in a plane crash while on his way to a campaign event. He was posthumously elected to the U.S. Senate, and his widow, Jean Carnahan, was appointed to serve in the Senate until a special election was held in 2002.

Early life and education

Melvin Eugene Carnahan was born in Birch Tree, Missouri,[1] and grew up on a small farm near Ellsinore.[2] He was the son of Mary Kathel (née Schupp) and A. S. J. Carnahan, and had one sibling, an older brother, Robert "Bob" Carnahan.[3] Carnahan's mother was a teacher, and his father was the superintendent of Ellsinore schools.[4] In 1944, the elder Carnahan was elected to the United States House of Representatives, representing the eighth congressional district, serving from 1945 to 1947 and from 1949 to 1961. He later became the U.S. Ambassador to Sierra Leone under John F. Kennedy. As a child, Mel Carnahan traveled with his father across the district, attending local events and helping with the campaign.[5] In 1948, because his father was running for Congress, Carnahan was present for Harry Truman's final campaign stop in St. Louis during that year's presidential election.[6] The younger Carnahan later said he developed a desire to enter politics because of his father.[7]

In 1945, Carnahan moved to Washington, D.C., with his family, though they moved back to Missouri when his father was defeated for re-election. He moved back to D.C. in 1949, where he met his future wife, Jean, at a Baptist church.[8] He graduated from Anacostia High School[9] and earned a Bachelor of Arts in business administration at George Washington University in 1954.[10] After graduating, Carnahan joined the United States Air Force but failed the physical, fainting during a blood test. He then served as a special agent for the Air Force Office of Special Investigations from 1954 to October 1956.[11] He rose to the rank of first lieutenant.[12] After returning home, he received a Juris Doctor from the University of Missouri School of Law in Columbia in 1959,[13] graduating Order of the Coif.[14] He then moved to Rolla, the largest city in his father's congressional district, intending to follow his father's career path.[15]

Early political career

State legislator

Carnahan's political career started in 1960 at 26 when he was elected to serve as a judge in Rolla. In 1962, he ran for a seat in the Missouri House of Representatives. In the Democratic primary, Carnahan defeated three opponents.[16] That November, he won the election for the Phelps County house district.[17] He won re-election in 1964, and that same year, the Democratic caucus elected him as assistant floor leader to majority leader H. F. Patterson.[18] In 1965, Patterson died, and the caucus elected Carnahan as his successor.[19] During his tenure, Carnahan voted in favor of a motion to increase the state's sales tax to 3% and voted against a measure requiring tax increases to be conducted via a public vote.[20] Carnahan served as a Judiciary Committee member, during which the committee moved to pass a conflict-of-interest law requiring any official to report any interests in a bill before voting on it. As majority leader, Carnahan was able to help advance a bill banning racial discrimination in public areas; this bill was later signed into law by Governor Warren E. Hearnes.[21] Carnahan also sponsored a bill to prevent employers from discriminatory hiring practices.[22]

In 1965, a federal court ruling that Missouri's districts suffered from malapportionment forced the state to redraw its legislative districts.[23] Carnahan helped draw up a redistricting plan, but voters rejected it in a special election.[24] He later clashed with Governor Hearnes over his reapportionment plan for state districts, as Carnahan favored a special session on the issue. In contrast, Hearnes's plan would let himself pick the members of the reapportionment commission.[25] Eventually, a compromise was reached, and Carnahan was the deciding vote in favor of its implementation.[26]

In 1966, Carnahan ran in the 20th district for the state Senate. In the Democratic primary, he faced Gene Sally, a former state representative and state senator whom Governor Hearnes had supported, albeit implicitly.[27] Carnahan defeated Sally in what his wife Jean later described as one of the hardest-fought campaigns he had run.[28] Carnahan faced Republican state senator Don Owens in the general election.[29] The 20th district was considered more-Democratic-leaning but still competitive.[30] In November, Owens defeated Carnahan by nearly 4,000 votes.[31] Some press outlets considered the defeat to be unexpected.[32] Carnahan later said of the defeat: "Strangely enough, I value the experience of losing. It does something to you, but it gives perspective."[33]

After his defeat and after his term in the state house expired, Carnahan practiced law in Rolla.[34] In 1971, he briefly expressed interest in a bid for Missouri's eighth congressional district.[35] Ultimately, incumbent Richard Ichord, who defeated Carnahan's father in 1960 and was planning a gubernatorial bid, ran for re-election.[36] In addition to practicing law, Carnahan also held a role in Rozark Farms Inc., a charcoal company his father founded, until 1975, when Carnahan sold his share of the company to his brother.[37] During this time, Carnahan also became president of the Rolla school board;[38] during his tenure on the board, he brought in a new superintendent and helped raise funds to build a new junior high school.[39]

State treasurer

In 1979, Carnahan announced his return to politics by declaring his candidacy for Missouri state treasurer,[40] which he also intended to use as a basis for a future gubernatorial run.[41] He had briefly considered another bid for Missouri's eighth congressional district, which Richard Ichord was vacating. However, he had already declared his candidacy for the treasurer post when Ichord announced his retirement.

In the Democratic primary, Carnahan faced state representative and former state house majority whip Ed Sweeney, who attacked Carnahan as indebted to banking interests.[42] Carnahan criticized Sweeney for being hypocritical because Sweeney had solicited from banking interests himself, albeit unsuccessfully.[43] Carnahan defeated Sweeney and faced former state senator Gerald Winship in the general election. Carnahan focused his campaign on continuing to build on the work of outgoing treasurer Jim Spainhower in giving funds in a nonpartisan manner[44] and refrained from making personal attacks on his opponent, who ran a similar campaign.[45] Carnahan won the election, returning him to elected office.[46] [47]

Carnahan served as treasurer from 1981 to 1985.[48] During his tenure, Carnahan increased the number of banks that were performing state businesses. Carnahan issued policy changes to address the issue of favoring certain banks, such as setting up a committee to determine which banks would be selected to perform state business.[49] He also enforced a policy to give state funds to banks that gave agriculture-related loans.[50] Also, during his tenure, Carnahan deposited state money into interest accounts.[51]

In 1984, Carnahan ran for Governor of Missouri. Due to struggles with raising funds during his campaign, Carnahan walked over 300 miles from St. Louis to Kansas City, a move similar to what Governor Joseph Teasdale had done during his first campaign in 1972.[52] Carnahan also campaigned in opposition to state referendums that would legalize parimutuel betting and would create a state lottery. However, he conceded he would enforce the amendments if the public supported them.[53] Both amendments would pass with over 60% of the vote.[54] [55] In the August primary, Carnahan lost the Democratic nomination to Lieutenant Governor Kenneth Rothman, who lost the general election to state Attorney General John Ashcroft.

Lieutenant governor

After his defeat, Carnahan returned to practicing law in Rolla.[56] In 1986, Democrats favored him to run for Missouri's eighth congressional district against incumbent Bill Emerson, and he met with leaders to discuss the race.[57] He did not run,[58] and Wayne Cryts would ultimately become the Democratic nominee. During this time, Carnahan expressed interest in becoming chair of the Missouri Democratic Party.[59] In 1988, after initially expressing a lack of interest in running,[60] Carnahan ran for lieutenant governor,[61] which he won.[62] Carnahan's election to the lieutenant governorship was the sole Democratic statewide win that year.

The role of lieutenant governor had been seen as irrelevant, and some officials, such as state senator Harry Wiggins, supported measures to abolish the position.[63] Carnahan appealed to the legislature to double the staffing for his office[64] and to expand his access to state planes.[65] He also expressed interest in using the office for economic and highway development.[66] State senate president pro tempore Jim Matthewson called upon Carnahan to become the state's drug czar,[67] though Carnahan saw his role as more limited in scale.

Early in Carnahan's term, there was a disagreement between Carnahan and Governor John Ashcroft over who was in charge when the governor left the state.[68] Carnahan asserted that in his position, he would be acting governor whenever Ashcroft left the state, while Ashcroft believed he was still in charge.[69] In 1990, Republican Secretary of State Roy Blunt refused to authorize documents Ashcroft signed while he was out of state, a move some political observers contended had been planned.[70] Blunt refused to authorize the documents, owing to confusion over who was in charge while the governor was out of state.[71] Ashcroft called upon the Supreme Court of Missouri to clarify the lieutenant governor's role while the governor was out of state.[72] Later that year, while briefly serving as acting governor, Carnahan signed documents, but Blunt refused to authorize any of what he signed.[73] Blunt cited the ongoing court case as his reason for not authorizing the documents, while acknowledging he thought Carnahan was acting governor.[74] A circuit judge ruled the governor was in charge,[75] a ruling the state's Supreme Court later affirmed in 1991.[76] This time was later thought to be the beginning of a rivalry between Ashcroft and Carnahan.[77] [78] [79]

While serving as lieutenant governor, Carnahan endorsed Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton for president of the United States in the Missouri primary.[80] [81]

Governor of Missouri

As the sole winning Democrat statewide, Carnahan was immediately seen as a possible choice for the governorship.[82] In 1989, he announced his intent to run for governor in 1992.[83] In the Democratic primary, he faced Mayor of St. Louis Vincent C. Schoemehl, who referred to Carnahan as a "redneck from Rolla."[84] Politicians from both parties had perceived Carnahan as an underwhelming candidate who was liked as a person but generally unexciting.[85] Some of Schoemehl's supporters tried to persuade Carnahan to run against Senator Kit Bond in the 1992 U.S. Senate race.[86] Carnahan won the Democratic nomination by a wide margin, winning every county but Ste. Genevieve.[87]

Carnahan faced Republican state Attorney General William L. Webster in the general election. Webster's campaign was hurt by controversy surrounding the state's Second Injury Fund and his ties to private lawyers associated with the fund.[88] In the general election on November 3, Carnahan was elected as governor of Missouri, defeating Webster by over 400,000 votes.[89] Carnahan's election as governor made him the first Democrat to win the office since Joseph Teasdale's victory in 1976.[90]

First term (1993–1997)

Carnahan's term as governor began on January 11, 1993.[91] On January 15, 1993, a judge ruled that the state's school funding method was unconstitutional.[92] In response to the ruling, Carnahan pushed for the "Outstanding Schools Act".[93] The law's provisions included funding for smaller classrooms, putting computers in classrooms, and supporting vocational programs.[94] Carnahan, who appealed to skeptical legislators,[95] secured approval from the legislature to increase taxes on income, corporations, and tobacco to raise funds.[96] The passed bill raised $315 million in new taxes, earning Carnahan the moniker "the education governor."[97]

The bill faced opponents who contended that Carnahan broke a promise to bring significant tax increases to a vote for the people to decide.[98] U.S. Representative Mel Hancock criticized the tax increases, saying they defied the state's Hancock Amendment, an amendment limiting tax increases without voter approval, of which Hancock was the namesake.[99] Consequently, Hancock put an amendment up for a vote in November 1994, which mandated that all future tax increases require a vote.[100] Carnahan opposed the amendment, saying it would cut billions of dollars from the state's budget,[101] possibly forcing the layoffs of teachers and state police.[102] The amendment was defeated by 36 points.[103] In the aftermath, Carnahan persuaded lawmakers to support a yearly cap on tax increases.[104] In 1996, he endorsed a ballot proposal that limited tax raises to no more than $50 million a year unless the people of Missouri voted otherwise. The amendment passed with 69% of voters in favor of its implementation.[105]

The Great Flood of 1993, one of the most destructive floods in U.S. history, affected much of the Midwest, including Missouri.[106] Carnahan returned from a trip to Europe to declare a state of emergency in every county.[107] Carnahan traveled across Missouri viewing areas damaged by flooding,[108] and called a special session of the state legislature to decide how to pay for the damage.[109] As a result of the floods, Carnahan oversaw the buyout of affected towns, including the cities of Pattonsburg[110] and Bellefontaine Neighbors.[111] In addition, Carnahan signed legislation including property tax relief for flood victims and state spending on par with federal funding while vetoing legislation that would have let the state be held responsible for some flood insurance for businesses.[112] His actions during the emergency led other governors to elect him vice chairman of the Democratic Governor's Association and vice chairman of the Southern Governor's Association.[113] He later became chair of both organizations and gained a seat on the executive committee of the National Governors Association.[114]

Carnahan considered health care a key focus for the 1994 legislative session.[115] His goals, such as mandating health insurance companies to ignore pre-existing conditions, failed to be passed by the legislature.[116] Later that year, Carnahan signed a welfare package with a provision that made recipients sign an agreement to get off welfare in two years in exchange for training for jobs and better benefits.[117] In September 1994, Carnahan called for a special session to impeach Secretary of State Judith Moriarty.[118] Moriarty had been found guilty of certifying election documents for her son, who had incorrectly filed the documents.[119] Carnahan appealed to Moriarty to resign, but she refused.[120] Consequently, Moriarty was impeached[121] and removed from office.[122] Carnahan appointed her replacement, Bekki Cook.[123]

In 1995, Carnahan underwent a trade mission to South Korea, one of Missouri's top trading partners.[124] The mission led to new deals between Missouri businesses valued at over $2 million.[125] That same year, Carnahan appointed Ronnie L. White to the Supreme Court of Missouri, the first black judge to be appointed to the court.[126] White later became the state's first black chief justice and eventually a federal judge.[127] Carnahan would later describe White's appointment as one of his greatest.[128] Carnahan maintained continuously high approval ratings.[129]

Second term (1997–2000)

In 1996, Carnahan ran for re-election, campaigning on the Outstanding Schools Act, which he argued made way for optimized education methods in the state.[130] His opponent was Republican State Auditor Margaret B. Kelly. Kelly criticized Carnahan as "tax-man Carnahan" for the tax increases needed for education, which she maintained were a broken promise from the governor.[131] On November 5, 1996, Carnahan defeated Kelly to win a second term in office.[132]

Because of the Hancock Amendment's provisions on curbing spending, Carnahan returned sizable amounts of money to taxpayers over his second term.[133] In 1997, lawmakers agreed to remove the state's grocery tax and reduce taxes for private pensions,[134] which Carnahan signed into law.[135] In 1998, he made further tax cuts, increasing tax credits for elderly and disabled citizens.[136] The following year, he signed legislation giving tax credits on prescription drugs to older Missourians.[137] By the end of 1999, the tax cuts totaled about $1.3 billion.[138]

In 1997, a judge ruled that Missouri could conclude its involvement in school desegregation cases in St. Louis and Kansas City, provided that a plan to replace state funding was in place by 1999.[139] In 1998, Carnahan signed legislation to prevent the Kansas City school districts from becoming insolvent.[140] He later signed legislation that created a school board for St. Louis school districts, provided some $40 million to public schools in the city, and sought to add suburban school districts to state funding.[141] In 1998, Carnahan enacted a bill to expand Medicaid coverage for impoverished children.[142] In August 1998, he made his second appointment to the Missouri Supreme Court, appointing Michael A. Wolff, his former legal advisor.[143] Wolff later served as chief justice for the court from 2005 to 2007.[144]

In 1999, Carnahan, who supported the death penalty, commuted the death sentence of Missouri inmate Darrell Mease after Pope John Paul II requested he do so during his visit to St. Louis.[145] This move was controversial: Carnahan's office received more phone calls against the move than those supportive,[146] and 34% of voters indicated in a St. Louis Post-Dispatch poll that they felt inclined to vote against Carnahan in his U.S. Senate bid as a result of the move.[147] That same year, he opposed a proposition that would have allowed Missourians to carry concealed weapons.[148] The campaign against the proposal, managed by his daughter Robin,[149] won by a two-point margin despite being outspent.[150]

Carnahan had vetoed three abortion bills in 1997.[151] The issue returned to the political agenda in 1999 when the Missouri legislature proposed a bill to ban mid to late-term abortions.[152] Carnahan vetoed the bill due to its language, which he argued went further than just restricting mid to late-term abortions and because it lacked exceptions for protecting the mother's health.[153] The legislature overrode Carnahan's veto, making him the seventh governor since Missouri statehood to have a veto overridden.[154]

2000 U.S. Senate election

See main article: 2000 United States Senate election in Missouri.

The day after the 1998 midterm elections, Carnahan announced his intention to challenge incumbent Senator John Ashcroft for his U.S. Senate seat in 2000.[155] Despite some calls for him to run for the Class 1 Senate seat in 1994, he declined, wanting to remain governor.[156] He also declined to run in 1998 against Kit Bond, though he refused to permanently consider a future bid out of the question.[157]

The election had been seen as having a personal element due to Carnahan and Ashcroft's reported dislike of one another,[158] though both denied having any rivalry.[159] The campaign was considered by analyst Stuart Rothenberg to be among the closest races in the country.[160] During the campaign, photographs of Carnahan performing in blackface in 1960 resurfaced,[161] which he apologized for.[162] Carnahan attacked Ashcroft for having a conservative voting record despite employing moderate rhetoric[163] while casting his record as governor as a "moderate, progressive" record.[164] During the campaign, Carnahan launched a tour by train, using a tactic adopted by Harry S. Truman.[165] The tour was an homage to the former president, who had previously held the Senate seat Carnahan was campaigning for.[166]

Death and aftermath

Early in the evening of October 16, 2000, Carnahan, his son Randy, and his campaign advisor Chris Sifford left St. Louis Downtown Airport in Cahokia, Illinois, to attend a campaign event in New Madrid.[167] The Cessna 335 airplane, which Randy piloted,[168] crashed near Hillsboro, Missouri, killing all three people on board.[169] The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) later ruled that the crash was due to Randy becoming disoriented, which was exacerbated by inclement weather and instrument failure.[170]

The presidential debate, which was held the next day in St. Louis, opened with a moment of silence, and both candidates made remarks about Carnahan's death.[171] A memorial service for Carnahan was held in the State Capitol in Jefferson City on October 20.[172] The service was attended by federal and state politicians such as President Bill Clinton, First Lady Hillary Clinton, Vice President Al Gore, and U.S. senators and former governors Kit Bond and John Ashcroft.[173] At the funeral, President Clinton said:

I loved the guy, and anybody who thinks he was dull never looked him straight in the eye, because he had steel and passion and fire, and I think he rather enjoyed being underestimated by the people who disagreed with him.[174]
The day after Carnahan's death, Lieutenant Governor Roger B. Wilson ascended to the governorship.[175] He served the remainder of Carnahan's term. Because Missouri election law did not allow Carnahan's name to be removed from the ballot,[176] Governor Wilson promised to appoint his widow, Jean Carnahan, to the seat if it became vacant due to Mel Carnahan's election win.[177] Shortly before his death, Carnahan had been behind Ashcroft in the polls.[178] Following his death, Carnahan's campaign continued, using slogans such as "I'm Still with Mel" and "Don't Let the Fire Go Out" and Carnahan took the lead in a few polls.[179] In the election, Carnahan became the first person in U.S. history to win a U.S. Senate election posthumously.[180] [175] [181] His death was thought to have helped other races down-ballot that year, including the race for governor.[182] Following the election win, Jean Carnahan was appointed to the Senate and served until November 2002, when Republican Jim Talent defeated her in a special election.[183]

Awards and recognitions

In 1965, Carnahan received an award from Missouri House Speaker Thomas C. Graham, recognizing him as the chamber's most outstanding Democrat.[184] Also, during his tenure as a state legislator, he twice received the St. Louis Globe-Democrat Meritorious Service award.[185] In 1999, he was inducted into the DeMolay International Hall of Fame.[186]

In 2001, the mayor of St. Louis, Clarence Harmon, announced the renaming of a courthouse to the Carnahan Courthouse.[187] That same year, a Missouri National Guard armory in Rolla, Missouri, was renamed The Mel Carnahan Armory and Reserve Center.[188] The Carnahan High School of the Future was named after him in 2003.[189] The garden in the Missouri Capitol was renamed after Carnahan.[190] A bust of him was placed there in 2023[191] and received a dedication in 2024, just one week after his wife's death.[192]

Personal life

Carnahan met his future wife, Jean Carpenter, at a church event and sat beside her at Anacostia High School.[193] The two married in Washington, D.C., on June 12, 1954.[194] They had four children, who would all become lawyers as well:[195] Roger "Randy" Carnahan, who piloted the airplane and died in the same crash that killed his father; Russ Carnahan, a former member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Missouri's 3rd district (2005–2013); Robin Carnahan, former Missouri Secretary of State (2005–2013), 2010 U.S. Senate nominee, and Administrator of General Services under President Joe Biden; and Tom Carnahan, founder of Wind Capital Group, which builds wind farms.[196] The family had a Newfoundland dog named Beaumont.

A reporter once said of Carnahan: "Never the most exciting politician on the Missouri scene, Carnahan stubbornly and quietly plowed through office after office."[197] Carnahan was noted for having an honest image coupled with a relaxed personality.[198] Many supporters of his wore straight-arrow pins to highlight this.[199] He also had a humorous side; he once granted a pardon to a boy who sought one after lying to his parents.[200] Carnahan and his family were active members of First Baptist Church of Rolla, where he served as an ordained deacon, and he and his wife taught Sunday School.[201] In his spare time, Carnahan was a pilot.[202]

External links

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Notes and References

  1. News: Dubson . Geof . June 30, 1980 . Old Vs. New In Treasurer Race . 31 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . December 23, 2023 . Melvin Eugene Carnahan was born in Birch Tree, Mo., in Shannon County..
  2. News: Thiele . Lonnie . October 19, 2000 . Ellsinore remembers its fallen son . 3B . The Nevada Daily Mail . Mel Carnahan was raised on a small farm near Ellsinore....
  3. Web site: September 30, 2006 . Robert Carnahan, brother of late Gov. Mel Carnahan, dies . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230915023153/https://www.stlpr.org/other/2006-09-30/robert-carnahan-brother-of-late-gov-mel-carnahan-dies . September 15, 2023 . September 15, 2023 . STLPR . en . He was the late governor's only sibling, eight years older than Mel..
  4. News: Redeffer . Linda . October 20, 1996 . It's A Long Road From Carter Co. Farm To Governor's Office . March 27, 2024 . Daily American Republic . 131 . Kathel Carnahan taught English and AS J Carnahan' was superintendent of Ellsinore Schools..
  5. Book: Carnahan, Jean . Don't Let the Fire Go Out . University of Missouri Press . 2004 . 0-8262-1513-0 . Columbia, MO . 216 . en . In the forties, when Mel was twelve years old, the two of them drove throughout their Ozark congressional district attending church picnics, visiting on town squares, and nailing posters onto trees and fence posts..
  6. Web site: Whistle-Stop Campaign 6 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20161230080703/https://www.sos.mo.gov/archives/exhibits/trumanproject/campex6 . December 30, 2016 . October 19, 2023 . www.sos.mo.gov.
  7. News: Grebing . Jim . January 10, 1993 . Carnahan assumes his duties Monday . en . 4 . The Southeast Missourian . From his father, Carnahan developed his desire and foundation for public service.
  8. News: Mannies . Jo . December 12, 1999 . Governor manages to lead a private life cont. . January 12, 2024 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . 39 . Wife Mary and son Mel, now in the sixth grade, moved to Washington in 1945... Carnahan said. He wasn't there long. His father lost his first re-election bid in 1946. Mel Carnahan was back in beloved Ellsinore until the middle of 10th grade, when his father won back his seat and the family was back in Washington. This time, the change went better. Shortly after the family's return, 15-year-old Mel met a classmate at the local Baptist church and ended up in a seat next to hers the next day at Anacostia High School. The girl was Jean Carpenter..
  9. News: May 26, 1966 . Rep. Mel Carnahan To Speak At Berger Memorial Festivities . January 12, 2024 . The New Haven Leader . 5 . He was graduated from Anacostia high school in Washington D C....
  10. Web site: April 16, 2000 . Mel Carnahan, Governor . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20120925204241/https://govinfo.library.unt.edu/tdrc/hearings/26apr00/mcarnahan.pdf . September 25, 2012 . August 4, 2023 . University of North Texas Library.
  11. News: Mannies . Jo . December 12, 1999 . Governor manages to lead a private life . March 27, 2024 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . 39 . Carnahan joined the service after graduation and sustained his first major disappointment. He failed the physical to become a pilot... He had fainted during the blood test. Attributing it to stress or fatigue, he begged for reconsideration but was turned down. He served his two Air Force years from mid-1954 to October 1956 at a desk, mostly with the department's Office of Special Investigation..
  12. Web site: Missouri State Past Treasurers – Mel Carnahan . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20140303083442/https://treasurer.mo.gov/content/about-the-office/1mel-carnahan . March 3, 2014 . August 4, 2023 . treasurer.mo.gov . en . Upon graduation, Mr. Carnahan entered the United States Air Force where he achieved the rank of first lieutenant, serving as special agent for the Office of Special Investigation..
  13. Web site: President Clinton names Governor Mel Carnahan to the board of trustees of the Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation . March 27, 2024 . clintonwhitehouse6.archives.gov . Governor Carnahan received... a J.D. degree... from the University of Missouri-Colombia..
  14. Dean . Kenneth D. . 2001 . A Tribute to Governor Mel Carnahan . Missouri Law Review . 66 . 2 . 1 . Governor Carnahan was a... member of... the Class of 1959. He was a member of the Missouri Law Review and graduated Order of the Coif, the highest honor that can be bestowed upon a law graduate. . University of Missouri School of Law.
  15. News: Mannies . Jo . December 12, 1999 . Governor manages to lead a private life . 39 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . October 14, 2023 . With a law degree in hand, he then looked for a rural Missouri home. Rolla fit the bill. "It was the largest town in my father's congressional district," Carnahan said. "I wanted to follow in my father's footsteps.".
  16. Web site: Vote for Candidates for State Representative at Primary Election Held August 7, 1962 . April 7, 2024 . Missouri Secretary of State . en.
  17. Web site: Vote for State Representatives at General Election November 6, 1962 . January 12, 2024 . mdh.contentdm.oclc.org . en.
  18. News: December 27, 1964 . Most House, Senate Leaders Picked . en . 6 . The Nevada Daily Mail . Majority Floor Leader will be H.F. (Pat) Patterson of Columbia and Mel Carnahan of Rolla will be his assistant.
  19. News: April 8, 1965 . Leader's Job to Carnahan . en . 1 . St. Joseph Gazette . Associated Press . Majority Democrats of the Missouri House Wednesday chose Rep. Mel Carnahan, D-Phelps County as the new Majority Floor Leader. He replaces H.F. (Pat) Patterson D-Boone County who died a week ago Tuesday in the Capitol..
  20. News: Ganey . Terry . October 15, 1992 . Carnahan Shoots For State's Top Job . April 6, 2024 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . 23 . The biggest issue of the 1963 session was a proposal to increase the state sales tax to 3 percent from 2 percent... House records show that when the tax increase was approved April 4, 1963, on an 86–73 vote, Carnahan was among those voting "yes." He voted against a motion that would have required the tax increase to be submitted to a statewide public vote. The motion lost 99–53..
  21. News: Ganey . Terry . October 15, 1992 . Carnahan Shoots For State's Top Job . October 19, 2023 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . 23 . While in the House, Carnahan was a member of the Judiciary Committee that approved one of the state's first conflict-of-interest bills. The measure, which became law, required the governor, lieutenant governor and any member of the Legislature who had an interest in a bill to report that information before acting on the legislation.... Carnahan also used his power as majority leader to rescue a bill that prohibited racial discrimination in places of public accommodation... Carnahan successfully moved that the bill be advanced out of order. The bill was later approved and signed into law. The measure affected nearly all businesses in the state; it prohibited discrimination because of race, creed, color, religion, national origin or ancestry..
  22. News: June 15, 1965 . New Fair Employment Practices Plan Passed . April 6, 2024 . St. Joseph Gazette . 1 . The Missouri House passed and sent to the governor Monday a stiffer bill on fair employment practices to prevent employers and labor unions from discriminating against individuals because of their ' race, creed, color, religion, national origin, sex or ancestry. The House sponsor, majority floor leader Mel Carnahan, D-Phelps... . Associated Press.
  23. News: March 15, 1965 . Campbell Suggests 10 to Hearnes for Redistricting Posts . en . 2A . St. Joseph News-Press . Associated Press .
  24. News: September 16, 1995 . Hearnes Rejects Proposals To Call A Special Session . en . 1 . The Nevada Daily Mail . Associated Press .
  25. News: Sitterley . George . September 17, 1965 . Governor's Districting Stand Hit . St. Joseph Gazette . 1 . en . Carnahan was one of 63 House Democrats who supported a plan Wednesday, whereby the governor was urged to call a special session on reapportionment with no strings attached. But the governor said later he would not call a session unless he was assured the legislature would support a constitutional amendment drawn to his specifications on reapportionment of the House... Under Hearnes' plan the two major party committees would select panels of 10 each. Then" the governor would choose five from each panel to do the job..
  26. News: November 18, 1965 . Deadlock Over Reapportionment Is Broken . en . 1 . St. Joseph News-Press . Associated Press .
  27. News: August 4, 1966 . Mel Carnahan Wins Bid For State Senate . January 12, 2024 . Poplar Bluff Republican . 4 . Hearne gave tacit support to Sally a friend he had appointed secretary of the state Highway Reciprocity Commission... Sally is a former representative and a former state senator..
  28. Book: Carnahan, Jean . Don't Let the Fire Go Out . University of Missouri Press . 2004 . 0-8262-1513-0 . Columbia, MO . 96 . en . Mel’s 1968 (sic) bid for the state senate started with a bitter primary battle—one of the toughest of the nineteen races he would run..
  29. News: August 4, 1966 . Sally Concedes In Primary . 1 . The New-Haven Leader . October 14, 2023 . Carnahan will now oppose Sena-tor Don Owens Republican in the general election in November..
  30. News: July 28, 1966 . Primary Election Tuesday, August 2 . 1 . The New Haven Leader . October 14, 2023 . The 20th isn’t exactly Republican flavored. Only Gasconade county is considered GOP territory according to observers with Osage and Franklin classed as marginal. The rest are Democratic In spite of this the re-districting commission in the state senate called the 20th a “marginal” district..
  31. Web site: Election Results- 20th District . March 29, 2024 . Missouri Secretary of State . en.
  32. News: November 17, 1966 . Republican Don Owens Defeats Mel Carnahan . March 29, 2024 . Greenville Sun . 1 . The defeat of Carnahan was regarded as an upset by the metropolitan press, but political observers here expected a close race from the outset of the campaign..
  33. News: November 27, 1980 . Carnahan returns to politics after fourteen-year absence . en . 5 . Bulletin Journal . UPI . September 15, 2023.
  34. News: October 15, 1992 . Carnahan Shoots For State's Top Job . April 7, 2024 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . 23 . For the next 14 years, Carnahan sat out state politics. He practiced civil law in Rolla....
  35. News: September 2, 1971 . Carnahan Eyes Congress If Phelps Stays In 8th . 1 . The Houston Herald . December 23, 2023 . In a telephone interview Monday with Carnahan, the Rolla attorney told the Houston Newspapers that he definitely is interested in the Congressional seat..
  36. News: September 24, 1971 . Ichord Refuses Governor Race . 3 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . December 23, 2023 . Representative Richard H. Ichord (Dem.), Houston, who was considered certain until recent days to become a candidate for the Democratic nomination for Governor said today he would not enter the race. Instead, he said he would file for reelection to Congress from the eighth district..
  37. News: Dubson . Geof . June 30, 1980 . Old Vs. New In Treasurer Race . December 23, 2023 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . 31 . Carnahan says his own qualifications are "20 years as a lawyer and businessman." The business was Rozark Farms Inc., a company founded by his father in Ellsinore, which produced lump charcoal then sold to other companies to be processed into the smaller briquettes sold in stores. "My brother and I were absentee owners. We hired persons to manage it. But I ran the books and payroll out of my law office," Carnahan said. He sold his interest to his brother in 1975, when the company employed 25 persons..
  38. Web site: July 24, 2023 . The Mel Carnahan Award – Awards and Scholarships in memory of Mel Carnahan . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230724044502/https://carnahanaward.org/ . July 24, 2023 . August 4, 2023 . carnahanaward.org . But Carnahan also took a break from public service, spending more than decade practicing law, raising his four children alongside his wife Jean, and serving as school board president back home in Rolla..
  39. News: Mannies . Jo . October 17, 2000 . Governor's 2nd career began in '80s as treasurer . 12 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . October 5, 2023 . He served on the local School Board for five years, bringing in a new superintendent and persuading the public to approve the bonds needed to build a new junior high the community's first new school building in 28 years..
  40. News: June 6, 1979 . Carnahan Announces Treasurer Candidacy . April 5, 2024 . Daily American Republic . 10 . Mel Carnanan, former Democratic Leader of the Missouri House, today formally announced his candidacy for state treasurer in 1980 . Associated Press.
  41. News: July 29, 1980 . Sweeney-Carnahan Race . en . 7 . Bulletin Journal . UPI . September 15, 2023.
  42. News: Cain . Brad . July 31, 1980 . Variety of races mark state primaries . September 15, 2023 . The Nevada Daily Mail . 12B . en . Associated Press.
  43. News: August 6, 1980 . Rothman, Carnahan gain nod . en . 5 . The Southeast Missourian . Associated Press . September 15, 2023.
  44. News: October 30, 1980 . Carnahan pledges to continue the works of Spainhower if elected . en . 6 . Bulletin Journal . UPI . September 15, 2023.
  45. News: Cain . Brad . October 30, 1980 . Rothman, Blunt in hot battle . en . 8B . The Nevada Daily Mail . September 15, 2023.
  46. News: November 6, 1980 . Democrat Rothman promises to work well with Republican governor over next 4 years . en . 4 . Bulletin Journal . UPI . September 15, 2023.
  47. Web site: State Treasurer Results . April 5, 2024 . Missouri Secretary of State . en.
  48. Web site: Missouri State Past Treasurers – Mel Carnahan . April 7, 2024 . treasurer.mo.gov . en.
  49. Book: Missouri government and politics . Univ. of Missouri Press . 1995 . 978-0-8262-0990-0 . Hardy . Richard J. . 2nd . Columbia, MO . 153 . en . After the 1980 campaign, in which the usual charges were traded about favoritism on the part of the treasurer’s office toward certain banks, Treasurer Mel Carnahan changed the office’s banking and investment practices. While Central Trust Bank of Jefferson City continued to process state checks and handle other essential recordkeeping chores, other major banks around the state such as Boatmen’s Bank of St. Louis, United Missouri Bank of Kansas City, and Mercantile Bank of St. Louis were also given some of the state’s business. To prevent future charges of favoritism in selecting banks to deposit state funds, Carnahan set up a committee to determine which banks would be chosen using a revolving list and a special formula..
  50. News: April 12, 1983 . Carnahan places funds for agriculture loans . 7 . Bulletin Journal . September 15, 2023.
  51. News: Dvorak . John A. . July 3, 1984 . Quiet Carnahan lags on name recognition in race for governor . March 26, 2024 . The Kansas City Times . 7 . He also worked to make sure state money was deposited in interest-bearing accounts as speedily as possible to boost the interest the state earns..
  52. Book: Carnahan, Jean . If walls could talk: the story of Missouri's first families . 1998 . MMPI . 978-0-9668992-0-7 . Jefferson City, Mo . 368 . en . Unable to raise the money needed for a full-scale campaign, Carnahan tried to win grassroots support by walking the state — a 325-mile trip from St. Louis to Kansas City that took him thirty-four days to complete. Former Governor Joseph Teasdale made a similar trek during his first, but losing, attempt for the governorship and Carnahan followed suit..
  53. News: July 10, 1984 . Taxes, lottery spark debate . en . 3 . The Southeast Missourian . Associated Press . September 15, 2023.
  54. Web site: January 5, 2015 . Missouri State Lottery, Amendment 5 (1984) – Ballotpedia . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150105175837/https://ballotpedia.org/Missouri_State_Lottery,_Amendment_5_(1984) . January 5, 2015 . August 4, 2023 . Ballotpedia.
  55. Web site: May 28, 2017 . Missouri Horse Racing Commission, Amendment 7 (1984) – Ballotpedia . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170528153616/https://ballotpedia.org/Missouri_Horse_Racing_Commission,_Amendment_7_(1984) . May 28, 2017 . August 4, 2023 . Ballotpedia.
  56. News: Grebing . Jim . September 3, 1985 . Carnahan eyes 8th district race . September 15, 2023 . Bulletin Journal . 1A . en . During most of 1985, Carnahan has been keeping a low profile in Rolla, practicing law....
  57. News: Wolz . Jay . October 15, 1985 . Democrats favor Carnahan as 8th district candidate . en . 1A . The Southeast Missourian . September 15, 2023.
  58. News: February 16, 1986 . Carnahan won't seek congressional spot . en . 1A . The Southeast Missourian . September 15, 2023.
  59. News: Grebing . Jim . February 5, 1987 . Carnahan has interest in party post . 1 . The Southeast Missourian . September 16, 2023.
  60. News: December 31, 1987 . Carnahan nixes run . 7A . The Southeast Missourian . September 16, 2023.
  61. News: March 24, 1988 . Mel, Carnahan, former state treasurer, seeks lieutenant governor . en . 7A . The Southeast Missourian . Associated Press . September 15, 2023.
  62. Web site: Lieutenant Governor Results . September 18, 2023 . Missouri Secretary of State . en.
  63. News: Wolfe . James . December 13, 1988 . Lieutenant governor gets no respect . September 18, 2023 . The Southeast Missourian . 10A . Sen. Harry Wiggins, D-Kansas City, said he will sponsor a constitutional change, which if the voters approved it, would make Carnahan the last Lieutenant Governor... "The office is meaningless" Sen. Wiggins declared,.
  64. News: Mosley . Jim . January 26, 1989 . Carnahan Requests Funds For 5 Aides . April 7, 2024 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . 6 . Lt. Gov Mel Carnahan asked a House subcommittee Wednesday for a $207,000 budget increase to allow him to double the size of his office staff..
  65. News: November 15, 1989 . Lawmakers surprised by no increase request . September 18, 2023 . The Nevada Daily Mail . 1 . He'd like to do more flying on state planes to outstate events. . Associated Press.
  66. News: February 5, 1989 . Carnahan wants to expand his role . en . 2A . The Nevada Daily Mail . Associated Press . September 15, 2023.
  67. News: Keller . Rudi . January 4, 1989 . Matthewson calls for college revisions . April 5, 2024 . Columbia Daily Tribune . 8 . Mathewson spoke after the Senate chose the Sedalia Democrat for the highest post in that body during opening activities for the 1989 session He proposed that lieutenant governor-elect Mel Carnahan take over responsibility for coordinating efforts to fight and treat drug abuse in Missouri....
  68. News: January 20, 1989 . Ashcroft, Carnahan dispute who's in charge . April 28, 2024 . St. Joseph News-Press . 12 . Mo. Republican Gov. John Ashcroft and Missouri's new lieutenant governor, Democrat Mel Carnahan, disagree over who's in charge while the governor is out of state. Ashcroft, who flew to Washington Wednesday to attend the presidential inauguration, contends he's in charge no matter where he is. Carnahan maintains he's in control when Ashcroft is out of the state. . Associated Press.
  69. Book: Missouri government and politics . Univ. of Missouri Press . 1995 . 978-0-8262-0990-0 . Hardy . Richard J. . 2nd . Columbia . 144 . en . As lieutenant governor, Carnahan contended that he became acting governor whenever Governor John Ashcroft was absent from the state. Ashcroft maintained that he retained his power even if he was absent from the geographical boundaries of Missouri..
  70. Book: Missouri government and politics . Univ. of Missouri Press . 1995 . 978-0-8262-0990-0 . Hardy . Richard J. . 2nd . Columbia . 144 . en . In an action that some political observers claimed was prearranged, Ashcroft faxed from Japan some documents to Secretary of State Roy Blunt and asked that his facsimile signature be authenticated. Blunt refused to authenticate the signature from out of state, leading to a ruling by the Missouri Supreme Court in State ex rel. Ashcroft v. Blunt..
  71. News: February 28, 1990 . Ashcroft: Who Is In Charge? . April 28, 2024 . Daily American Republic . 3 . Blunt declined to certify some appointments and other documents for the governor in recent days while Ashcroft was in Japan and in Washington saying there was confusion about whether Ashcroft or Carnahan was in charge. . Associated Press.
  72. News: Wolfe . James F. . February 28, 1990 . Ashcroft seeks court review of Lt. Governor's authority . April 7, 2024 . St. Joseph News-Press . 1 . Gov. John Ashcroft asked the Missouri Supreme Court on Tuesday to decide whether or not Lt. Gov. Mel Carnahan may take over his powers when Ashcroft is outside Missouri.
  73. News: April 24, 1990 . Carnahan loses in muscle flexing of power . en . 10A . The Southeast Missourian . Associated Press .
  74. News: Manning . Carl . April 24, 1990 . Carnahan Loses Muscle Flexing Test As Blunt Refuses To Approve Documents . May 22, 2024 . Macon Chronicle-Herald . 1 . Blunt noted the issue is before the Missouri Supreme Court. It is to hear arguments June 1 on Ashcroft's legal query to clarify whether he or Carnahan is in charge in the governor's absence. "Because it is before the court we cannot assume the authority of the court to decide what ought to be done in this case, although it is my position that you are the acting governor when the governor is out of the state," Blunt said in his letter to Carnahan..
  75. News: October 30, 1990 . Judge says Governor retains power even out of state . en . 2A . The Southeast Missourian . Associated Press . September 15, 2023.
  76. News: July 24, 1991 . Missouri ruling backs governor . en . 8C . Lawrence Journal-World . Associated Press . September 15, 2023.
  77. News: Dao . James . November 5, 2000 . The 2000 Campaign: Missouri; Republican Senator Treads Softly in Run Against Well-Tended Grave of a Governor . en-US . The New York Times . live . September 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150527132335/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/05/us/2000-campaign-missouri-republican-senator-treads-softly-run-against-well-tended.html . May 27, 2015 . 0362-4331 . They also had a fierce personal rivalry, dating from when Mr. Carnahan served as lieutenant governor under Mr. Ashcroft..
  78. News: Mannies . Jo . November 5, 1998 . Carnahan launches bid to steal Senate seat from Ashcroft in 2000 . 8 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . October 14, 2023 . But his terse words for Ashcroft also fit in with the duo's distinct dislike for each other- stemming, some say, from Carnahan's stint as Lt. Governor during Ashcroft's second term as governor, from 1989–93.
  79. Book: Larsen, Lawrence . A history of Missouri. 6: 1953 to 2003 . Univ. of Miss. Pr. . 2004 . 978-0826215437 . 6th . Columbia, Miss . 148–149 . en . His tenure as Lieutenant Governor featured petty clashes over prerogatives with Governor Ashcroft, leaving a legacy of dislike between the two men..
  80. News: Charton . Scott . March 8, 1992 . Neighbor Clinton looks to do well in state . en . 6A . The Southeast Missourian . September 15, 2023.
  81. Web site: Nagourney . Adam . Hossain . Farhana . February 17, 2008 . Old Clinton ties and voters' sway tug at delegates – The New York Times . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230804052318/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/17/world/americas/17iht-17delegates.10108196.html . August 4, 2023 . August 4, 2023 . New York Times . Carnahan's father, the late Mel Carnahan, a former governor, gave Clinton a pivotal endorsement when he ran for president in 1992..
  82. News: Edwards . Robert . November 13, 1988 . Carnahan is hope for future . March 17, 2024 . The Springfield News-Leader . 15 . This former state treasurer was the only Democrat to capture a statewide post, and he stands as that party's most logical candidate for governor in 1992..
  83. News: Mosley . Jim . June 1, 1989 . Carnahan To Run For Governor . October 16, 2023 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . 5 . Lt. Gov. Mel Carnahan says he plans to seek the Democratic nomination for governor in 1992 even if St. Louis Mayor Vincent C. Schoemehl Jr. also seeks the office. "I fully expect to be a candidate," Carnahan said in an interview Wednesday. "I think most people see me as the logical unity candidate.".
  84. News: Schlinkman . Mark . O'Neil . Tim . April 17, 1992 . 'Redneck': Carnahan Livid Over Name-Calling By Schoemehl . 1 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . October 19, 2023 . Outspoken Mayor Vincent C. Schoemehl Jr. spoke out again Thursday, this time calling Lt. Gov. Mel Carnahan a "redneck from Rolla" on a radio talk show here..
  85. News: Mannies . Jo . October 30, 1992 . Carnahan's Public Image Transformed . 31 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . November 17, 2023 . Carnahan was viewed by many Democrats and Republicans alike as a weak candidate. He often was described as a nice guy with a reputation as: A dull speaker. A poor fund-raiser. A politician who seemed to lack "fire in the belly.".
  86. News: Charton . Scott . April 28, 1991 . Democrats: solicit a Senate hopeful . en . 8 . The Southeast Missourian . September 15, 2023.
  87. Web site: Governor Primary Results . September 15, 2023 . Missouri Secretary of State . en.
  88. Book: Missouri government and politics . Univ. of Missouri Press . 1995 . 978-0-8262-0990-0 . Hardy . Richard J. . 2nd . Columbia, MO . 157 . en . A series of articles in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch charged that many lawyers appointed by Webster to defend the fund contributed campaign funds to him. Also, according to the St. Louis newspaper, lawyers who contributed to Webster tended to get larger settlements from the Second Injury Fund. Webster was charged with political favoritism and wrongdoing by his primary election opponents, but still won his party’s nomination. In the general election the negative publicity surrounding the Second Injury Fund was a major factor in Webster’s loss to Carnahan..
  89. Web site: Governor Results . April 7, 2024 . Missouri Secretary of State . en.
  90. News: Smith . Bill . November 4, 1992 . Democratic Party Rises Again In Missouri . February 13, 2024 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . 14 . Mel Carnahan's election marked the first time Missouri has elected a Democratic governor since Joseph P. Teasdale was elected in 1976..
  91. Web site: Mel Carnahan- Governor- Missouri State Manual 1993–1994 . March 30, 2024 . Missouri Secretary of State . en.
  92. News: January 15, 1993 . School formula ruled unconstitutional . March 30, 2024 . Columbia Daily Tribune . 1 . A state judge today ruled unconstitutional Missouri’s billion-dollar formula for funding schools and ordered the General Assembly to overhaul it . Associated Press.
  93. Book: Carnahan, Jean . If walls could talk: the story of Missouri's first families . 1998 . MMPI . 978-0-9668992-0-7 . Jefferson City, Mo . 375–376 . en . Faced with a court order only four days after his inauguration, the Governor was forced to correct the disparity between support received by urban and rural school children. Carnahan took the occasion to call for a major overhaul in school funding. “The Outstanding Schools Act” that the Governor pushed through the first session of the legislature resulted in the most ambitious funding for public education in the state’s history..
  94. News: Belluck . Pam . October 18, 2000 . Mel Carnahan, 66, Missouri Governor and Democratic Senate Candidate . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20140104101325/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/10/18/us/mel-carnahan-66-missouri-governor-and-democratic-senate-candidate.html . January 4, 2014 . January 20, 2019 . The New York Times . 0362-4331 . a $315 million tax increase for public schools, to encourage improved teacher performance, smaller classes, computers in classrooms and vocational programs..
  95. News: West . Peter . May 19, 1993 . Missouri Lawmakers Race To Pass School-Finance Revision . April 7, 2024 . Education Week . en . 0277-4232 . Heavy lobbying pressure by Governor Carnahan was necessary because lawmakers were clearly chary of approving the tax increases required to fund the new formula..
  96. Book: Missouri government and politics . Univ. of Missouri Press . 1995 . 978-0-8262-0990-0 . Hardy . Richard J. . 2nd . Columbia, MO . 135 . en . In 1993, Carnahan recommended and secured legislative approval for increases in the personal and corporate income tax and cigarette tax and a new tobacco products tax for use in financing a circuit court-ordered revision of the foundation program for elementary and secondary schools..
  97. Book: Parrish . William Earl . Missouri: the Heart of the Nation . Christiansen . Lawrence O. . Lookingbill . Brad D. . Wiley . 2020 . 978-1-119-16582-8 . 4th . Hoboken, NJ . 367 . en . Governor Carnahan signed the Outstanding Schools Act of 1993, which raised $315 million in new taxes... Not surprisingly, Carnahan became known as "the education governor"..
  98. Book: Carnahan, Jean . If walls could talk: the story of Missouri's first families . MMPI . 1998 . 978-0-9668992-0-7 . Jefferson City, Mo . 376 . en . Opponents charged that Bill 380 — The Outstanding Schools Act — violated a campaign pledge by Carnahan to take major tax increases to a vote of the people..
  99. News: Mannies . Jo . June 2, 1993 . Tax Increase Is Not Legal Hancock Says . 4 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . October 11, 2023 . Rep. Mel Hancock, R-Springfield, Mo., contends that tax increases approved by Gov. Mel Carnahan and the Missouri Legislature violate the state's Hancock Amendment. The constitutional amendment, which Hancock wrote as a member of the state Legislature, restricts tax and fee increases without a public vote..
  100. Book: Missouri government and politics . University of Missouri Press . 1995 . 978-0-8262-0990-0 . Hardy . Richard J. . 2nd . Columbia, MO . 270 . en . ...Hancock II, a tax limitation proposal on the November 1994 ballot. Congressman Mel Hancock and his supporters, explaining that they were angry about the tax increase and particularly the failure to provide for a public vote on the tax increase, circulated initiative petitions for a proposal to reduce state revenues and require popular votes on all state tax increases. . Dohm . Richard R. . Leuthold . David A..
  101. News: Jones . Mike . April 27, 1994 . Carnahan labels Hancock II proposal a $1 billion threat . April 8, 2024 . St. Joseph News-Press . 9 . Gov. Mel Carnahan on Tuesday blasted the so-called Hancock II proposal as a fraud that would devastate state education and other finances to the tune of $1 billion..
  102. News: November 9, 1994 . Tax-limitation amendment fails in Missouri . C-6 . The Telegraph . Associated Press . September 16, 2023.
  103. Web site: Missouri Constitutional Amendment Results . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140502223410/http://ipp.missouri.edu/files/ipp/attachments/19-2010_constitutional_amendments.pdf . May 2, 2014 . September 16, 2023 . 8.
  104. Web site: Keller . Rudi . September 30, 2022 . After four decades, Hancock Amendment continues to shape Missouri tax policy • Missouri Independent . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20221001124858/https://missouriindependent.com/2022/09/30/after-four-decades-hancock-amendment-continues-to-shape-missouri-tax-policy/ . October 1, 2022 . September 18, 2023 . Missouri Independent . en-US . Carnahan campaigned hard to defeat it, but after he did so, he turned to Hancock’s partner from the 1980 initiative effort, the Missouri Farm Bureau, to help persuade lawmakers to enact an annual cap on tax increases. Passed in April 1996 – just in time for Carnahan’s re-election campaign – it allowed for annual new taxes and fees up to $50 million, with a provision adjusting that number for inflation..
  105. Book: Carnahan, Jean . If walls could talk: the story of Missouri's first families . MMPI . 1998 . 978-0-9668992-0-7 . Jefferson City, Mo . 377 . en . ...the Governor urged support of Amendment 4 that restricted lawmakers to raising taxes no more than $50 million a year without a vote of the people. In April 1996 Missourians gave the measure a hearty 69 percent voter approval..
  106. Web site: July 8, 2017 . The Great Flood of 1993 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170708131744/https://www.weather.gov/lsx/1993_flood . July 8, 2017 . August 4, 2023 . National Weather Service . The size and impact of the Great Flood of 1993 was unprecedented and has been considered the most costly and devastating flood to ravage the U.S. in modern history... July brought more heavy rain to the Missouri and upper Mississippi River basins in Missouri, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, North and South Dakota, Illinois and Minnesota..
  107. Book: The great flood of 1993: causes, impacts, and responses . Westview Press . 1996 . 978-0-8133-2620-7 . Changnon . Stanley A. . Boulder, Colo. Oxford . 236 . en . On July 9, newly-elected Missouri Governor Mel Carnahan, a Democrat, cut his European vacation short after only one day to return to his soggy state and declared all 114 Missouri counties as state disaster areas..
  108. News: Grebing . Jim . July 23, 1993 . Carnahan:State will do its part . en . 4A . The Southeast Missourian . September 15, 2023.
  109. News: Manning . Carl . September 3, 1993 . Carnahan To Call Special Session To Address State's Flood Damage . 12 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . October 14, 2023 . Gov. Mel Carnahan planned to announce today that he will call a special session of the Legislature starting Sept. 15 to deal with the state's flood damage..
  110. News: Meeks . Marion . July 27, 1994 . It's official! Pattonsburg to move out of Grand River's flood plain . 1 . Bethany Republican-Clipper . October 14, 2023 . The townspeople of Pattonsburg Mo gathered on main street Friday July 22 at 1:00 pm to hear Governor Mel Carnahan announce the amount of the planned buyout for the town’s relocation. Cheers and applause from the audience greeted the announcement that Pattonsburg has been awarded $115 million for the relocation of 18 businesses and 142 homes according to the official figures. This is the largest buyout in the state of Missouri..
  111. News: Davis . Amanda . July 24, 1994 . Government buys out two flood ravaged Missouri towns . en . 1 . The Nevada Daily Mail . September 15, 2023.
  112. News: October 1, 1993 . Carnahan signs flood legislation . April 5, 2024 . Columbia Daily Tribune . 3 . Gov Mel Carnahan spiked proposed legislation that would have made Missouri liable for some business flood insurance...Carnahan vetoed the bill after signing three other pieces of legislation also passed during the recent special session. They included a $443 1 million spending bill to match federal relief dollars, property tax relief for flood victims... . Associated Press.
  113. News: August 17, 1993 . Carnahan captures governors' attention . en . 6A . The Southeast Missourian . Associated Press . September 15, 2023.
  114. Web site: July 2, 2019 . Mel Eugene Carnahan – National Governors Association . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190702135850/https://www.nga.org/governor/mel-eugene-carnahan/ . July 2, 2019 . August 4, 2023 . National Governor's Association . He served as chair of both the Democratic Governors’ Association and the Southern Governors’ Association... He also served as a member of the National Governors Association Executive Committee..
  115. News: December 1, 1993 . Carnahan says health care will top legislative priorities . April 6, 2024 . The Daily Journal . 7 . Carnahan said health -care reform will be his top priority for the Legislature, which begins its session on Jan. 5. . Associated Press.
  116. Book: Barone . Michael . The Almanac of American Politics 2000 . Ujifasa . Grant . . 1999 . 978-0-8129-3193-8 . Washington D.C. . 922 . en . He had one major defeat: in 1994 the legislature rejected his attempt to require health insurers to disregard pre-existing conditions and make policies portable between jobs..
  117. News: July 12, 1994 . Carnahan Signs New Welfare Law . 11 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . Associated Press . December 16, 2023 . Gov. Mel Carnahan signed legislation Monday that he characterized as welfare reform... The centerpiece of the new law, which goes into effect Aug. 28 is a requirement that most aid recipients sign contracts pledging to get out of the system within two years. In exchange, they would receive job training and higher benefits..
  118. Web site: Proclamation [1994-09-14] ]. April 8, 2024 . www.sos.mo.gov.
  119. Book: Missouri government and politics . University of Missouri Press . 1995 . 978-0-8262-0990-0 . Hardy . Richard J. . 2nd . Columbia . 148 . en . ...the county prosecutor brought charges, and Moriarty was found guilty of falsely certifying that her son had filed to run for the state legislature. (The son had paid his filing fee and completed a filing form, but the absence of his signature on the form in the office meant that he could not be legally certified as a candidate.) . Dohm . Richard R. . Leuthold . David A..
  120. News: Young . Virginia . September 14, 1994 . Resign Now, Moriarty Told . 24 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . October 14, 2023 . Gov. Mel Carnahan told Secretary of State Judith K. Moriarty Tuesday that she should resign by noon today or face impeachment by the Missouri House... Moriarty said through a spokesman that she would not resign....
  121. News: Young . Virginia . October 7, 1994 . Moriarty Is Impeached . 1 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . October 14, 2023 . The House voted overwhelmingly Thursday to impeach Secretary of State Judith K. Moriarty for misconduct that "breached the public trust.".
  122. News: Young . Virginia . Bell . Kim . December 13, 1994 . High Court Ousts Moriarty . 1 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . October 14, 2023 . In a unanimous opinion Monday, the Missouri Supreme Court convicted Secretary of State Judith K. Moriarty of misconduct and removed her from office..
  123. Web site: Grebing . Jim . December 16, 2019 . Bonus blog: 25 years ago, Bekki Cook became Missouri Secretary of State . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20191218134811/https://www.semissourian.com/blogs/fromthemorgue/entry/73937 . December 18, 2019 . September 15, 2023 . seMissourian.com . en . ...Gov. Mel Carnahan appointed Jackson native and Cape Girardeau resident Rebecca McDowell Cook..
  124. News: June 20, 1995 . Missouri Governor To Focus On Trade Relations During Visit To Korea . January 12, 2024 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . 12 . Gov. Mel Carnahan is scheduled to fly to Korea today for a weeklong summit aimed at bolstering the country's trade relations with Missouri... Korea is one of Missouri's top 10 trading partners... . Associated Press.
  125. News: Flannery . William . June 24, 1995 . Trade Mission To S. Korea Bears Fruit . January 12, 2024 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . 14 . Gov. Mel Carnahan's trade mission to South Korea has landed $2.6 million in deals for St. Louis and Missouri firms..
  126. News: Lindecke . Fred W. . October 24, 1995 . St. Louisan Named To Court . 28 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . October 14, 2023 . Gov. Mel Carnahan on Monday named appellate Judge Ronnie L. White as the first black Missouri Supreme Court judge in the 175-year history of the court..
  127. Web site: Ronnie L White Appointed District Judge Eastern District of Missouri United States District Court . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201017052618/https://www.moed.uscourts.gov/news/2014/ronnie-l-white-appointed-district-judge . October 17, 2020 . October 14, 2023 . www.moed.uscourts.gov.
  128. News: Bryant . Tim . September 22, 2000 . Judge White says Senate's rejection of his appointment could have a "chilling effect" . March 17, 2024 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . 6 . Carnahan drew applause when he told the audience that White was "one of my proudest appointments.".
  129. Book: Larsen, Lawrence H. . A history of Missouri. 6: 1953 to 2003 . Univ. of Miss. Pr . 2004 . 978-0-8262-1546-8 . 6th . Columbia, Miss . 149 . en . Carnahan’s approval ratings were consistently high..
  130. Book: Larsen, Lawrence H. . A history of Missouri. 6: 1953 to 2003 . Univ. of Miss. Pr . 2004 . 978-0-8262-1546-8 . 6th . Columbia, Miss . 150 . en . He made the Outstanding Schools Act the centerpiece of his campaign, claiming it paved the way for more modern schools, reduced class sizes, and increased the number of computers in classrooms..
  131. News: Johnston . Robert C. . October 23, 1996 . Gaining Mileage From Tax Hike, Mo. Governor Widens Lead . December 15, 2023 . Education Week . en . 0277-4232 . Although she did not officially begin her campaign until this month, Ms. Kelly, 61, is making up for lost time by aggressively portraying the governor as “Tax Man Carnahan.” To her, the 1993 tax is a broken promise for which Mr. Carnahan should pay..
  132. Web site: Governor/General election: Nov. 5, 1996 . October 14, 2023 . Missouri Secretary of State . en.
  133. Book: Barone . Michael . The Almanac of American Politics 2000 . Ujifusa . Grant . . 1999 . 978-0-8129-3193-8 . Washington D.C. . 922 . en . In his second term, he was obliged by the 1980 Hancock Amendment, sponsored by a conservative Republican, to refund taxes when spending reached a certain level; more than $1 billion is going back to taxpayers over five budget years..
  134. Web site: Kirkland . Joel . May 17, 1997 . Legislative Session Concludes . live . https://web.archive.org/web/19971112223144/https://mdn.org/1997/STORIES/WRAPUP.HTM . November 12, 1997 . September 18, 2023 . mdn.org . The tax package that lawmakers approved eliminates a 3-cent sales tax on groceries and cuts taxes on private pensions..
  135. News: Gleich . Terri . June 6, 1997 . Carnahan signs money-saving bill . April 8, 2024 . The Springfield News-Leader . 1 . Gov. Mel Carnahan signed a $330 million tax-cut package on Thursday that includes a 3-cent reduction in the state sales tax on food... In addition to the food-tax cut, the bill also: Gives retirees with private pension income the same $6,000 tax break as government pensioners....
  136. News: Paterson . Deborah . July 9, 1998 . Carnahan signs tax-relief package . 1 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . October 14, 2023 . The law increases tax credits nicknamed circuit-breakers for the elderly and disabled..
  137. News: July 9, 1999 . New law gives elderly break on prescriptions . 4A . The Southeast Missourian . Associated Press . September 15, 2023.
  138. News: Broder . David S. . August 9, 1999 . Good Times for Governors . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20000818003000/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/daily/aug99/governors8.htm . August 18, 2000 . September 18, 2023 . Washington Post . Missouri Gov. Mel Carnahan (D), a challenger to Sen. John D. Ashcroft (R) in 2000, recently signed a $202 million tax cut, including the first boost in the personal exemption in more than 50 years. Carnahan can boast of $1.3 billion in tax cuts since his second term began in 1997—and will be mailing out rebates this fall and again in the election year..
  139. Book: Morris, Jeffrey B. . Establishing justice in Middle America: a history of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit . University of Minnesota Press . 2007 . 978-0-8166-4816-0 . Minneapolis . 307 . en . Clark issued his last order in the case, ending state responsibility for Kansas City school desegregation, in March 1997. He approved a settlement calling for an end to the lawsuit by 2000 and an end to state support by 1999. He asked school officials to come up with a plan by August 15, 1999, to deal with the loss of nearly $100 million in annual state moneys..
  140. Book: Morris, Jeffrey . Establishing Justice in Middle America: A History of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit . University Of Minnesota Press . 2007 . 978-0816648160 . 307 . en . In June 1998, the school board approved a plan to wean the district from state payments, while Governor Mel Carnahan signed a bill to help the Kansas City School District avoid bankruptcy once the state payments ended..
  141. Book: Morris, Jeffrey . Establishing Justice in Middle America: A History of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. . Univ. of Minnesota Press . 2007 . 978-0816648160 . 309 . en . On June 23, 1998, Governor Mel Carnahan signed the bill under which the St. Louis desegregation case was able to come to an end. Under that law, the state provided for a school board elected by districts. The St. Louis public schools were to receive more than forty million of the seventy million dollars it was then receiving annually from the state. The voluntary transfer program with the suburbs was to continue and the suburban school districts involved were also to receive state funding..
  142. News: Bell Jr. . Bill . June 11, 1998 . Carnahan signs bill on extension of Medicaid to 90,000 children . 14 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . October 14, 2023 . Gov. Mel Carnahan signed into law a measure extending Medicaid coverage to children in families earning up to three times the federal poverty level... The law will extend health coverage to 90,000 children who now lack insurance..
  143. News: Ganey . Terry . August 11, 1998 . Governor picks SLU professor to fill vacancy on high court . 1 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . October 19, 2023 . Wasting little time, Gov. Mel Carnahan on Monday named St. Louis University law professor Michael A. Wolff the governor's former legal counsel to fill a vacancy on the Missouri Supreme Court..
  144. Web site: Judge Michael A. Wolff . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210922035735/https://www.courts.mo.gov/page.jsp?id=131635 . September 22, 2021 . October 19, 2023 . www.courts.mo.gov . He served as chief justice of the Court from July 1, 2005, through June 30, 2007..
  145. Web site: Niebahr . Gustav . January 29, 1999 . Governor Grants Pope's Plea For Life of a Missouri Inmate - NYTimes.com . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150520210529/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/01/29/us/governor-grants-pope-s-plea-for-life-of-a-missouri-inmate.html . May 20, 2015 . July 25, 2023 . New York Times . After an extraordinary personal appeal from Pope John Paul II, Gov. Mel Carnahan, a supporter of capital punishment, today commuted the death sentence of a convicted murderer to life in prison without parole..
  146. News: Mannies . Jo . February 1, 1999 . Death row mercy brings 'lessons' from Ashcroft . January 12, 2024 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . 40 . Since commuting Mease's sentence, Carnahan's office has gotten more calls of complaints than support..
  147. Book: Cuneo, Michael W. . Almost Midnight: an American Story of Murder and Redemption . Broadway Books . 2004 . 9780767913423 . 1st . New York, NY . 312 . en . Almost 34 percent of respondents to a Post-Dispatch survey said they were more likely to vote against Carnahan because of the commutation; less than 8 percent said they were more likely to vote for him..
  148. News: February 19, 1999 . Carnahan lambasts concealed-weapons plan . 10 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . Post-Dispatch Jefferson City Bureau . October 14, 2023 . Gov. Mel Carnahan said he opposes the concealed-weapons measure on the April 6 ballot.
  149. Book: Horner, William T. . Showdown in the Show-Me State : The Fight over Conceal-and-Carry Gun Laws in Missouri . University of Missouri Press . 2005 . 0-8262-1587-4 . Columbia, MO . 70–71 . en . The opposition to Prop B was largely organized by SSWC. Based in St. Louis, it was led by the daughter of Governor Mel Carnahan, Robin Carnahan, who served as the group's campaign manager..
  150. News: Charton . Scott . October 15, 2000 . Candidates differ sharply on guns . en . 3A . The Southeast Missourian . September 15, 2023.
  151. Book: Gorney, Cynthia . Articles of Faith : A Frontline History of the Abortion Wars . Simon & Schuster . 1998 . 0-684-80904-4 . New York, NY . 522 . en . ...by late 1997 the state legislature had sent to his desk three abortion-related bills sponsored by Sam Lee and other right-to-life lobbyists, but the governor vetoed all three..
  152. News: Bell Jr. . Bill . March 4, 1999 . House advances ban on "partial-birth" abortions . 7 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . October 14, 2023 . Abortion opponents easily passed a bill Wednesday in the Missouri House that they say would ban a controversial mid- to late-term abortion procedure..
  153. Charatan . Fred . October 2, 1999 . Missouri passes antiabortion law . BMJ . 319 . 7214 . 874 . 10.1136/bmj.319.7214.874 . 1116719 . 10506037 . The new Missouri law goes further than other laws, however. “If it had applied to only partial birth abortion, and provided an exception for protecting the health of the mother, I would have signed it. But it was written to reach back with subtlety of language to the fifth and sixth week of pregnancy,” said Mr Carnahan..
  154. News: Bell Jr. . Bill . September 17, 1999 . Controversial abortion bill is now law . 1 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . October 14, 2023 . "He is the seventh governor in state history to suffer a veto override – this one at the hands of his own party.".
  155. News: Mannies . Jo . November 5, 1998 . Carnahan launches bid to steal Senate seat from Ashcroft in 2000 . April 8, 2024 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . 8 . The day after Missouri voters elected one U.S. senator, Gov. Mel Carnahan announced that he's out to knock off the other one. Carnahan, a Democrat, said he's sick and tired of Sen. John Ashcroft's "extreme talk" and filed Wednesday as a candidate against him in 2000..
  156. News: Charton . Scott . January 3, 1994 . Carnahan prefers second term over Senate bid in '94 . en . 4A . The Southeast Missourian . September 15, 2023.
  157. News: Charton . Scott . January 25, 1997 . No Carnahan-Bond Race In '98 . January 12, 2024 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . 4 . Democratic Gov. Mel Carnahan said Friday that he would not challenge the re-election of Republican Sen. Christopher Bond in 1998. "I think that's a winnable race, but I think one would need to start early. I'm not prepared to start at this time. I'm very intent on the session, on our issues . . . there, and I'm going to give that our full attention," Carnahan told The Associated Press... The governor, who grew up in the nation's capital as the son of a member of Congress, declined to rule out permanently seeking a Senate seat..
  158. Web site: September 15, 2000 . Missouri's Monster Mash – CBS News . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230922231056/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/missouris-monster-mash/ . September 22, 2023 . September 22, 2023 . www.cbsnews.com . en-US . Adding to the drama of this election is the less-than-friendly personal relationship between the two men. “They don’t particularly care for each other,” says Jones. . CBS News Staff.
  159. News: Mannies . Jo . August 27, 2000 . U.S. Senate race is marked by clear contrasts . 10 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . October 14, 2023 . Both deny the long-standing rumors they dislike each other, a rift some say was spawned when Carnahan was lieutenant governor under Ashcroft..
  160. Web site: Rothenberg . Stuart . September 20, 2000 . Stuart Rothenberg: The fight for the Senate – September 20, 2000 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20000922044229/https://www.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/09/20/rothenberg.column/index.html . September 22, 2000 . July 25, 2023 . CNN . The closest race in the nation appears to be in Missouri, where Ashcroft battles Democratic Gov. Mel Carnahan. Polling has shown the two men locked in a tight race, and there is no way to pick a winner..
  161. News: Associated Press . October 25, 1999 . Mo. Governor's Blackface Gets a New Showing . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20111102085542/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/campaigns/keyraces2000/stories/carnahan102599.htm . November 2, 2011 . July 25, 2023 . Washington Post.
  162. Web site: Media . Griffin . Missouri governor apologizes for 1960 blackface skit . April 16, 2024 . www.newson6.com . en.
  163. Web site: Murphy . Kevin . June 21, 2000 . Kansas City Star – Election 2000 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20000819024300/http://www.kcstar.com/item/pages/election.pat,local/37748d9f.621,.html . August 19, 2000 . August 4, 2023 . Kansas City Star . Carnahan, a Democrat completing his second four-year term as governor, said his task will be to show voters that Ashcroft is trying to appear more moderate than his voting record indicates on issues such as Social Security, Medicare, gun safety and prescription drug coverage. "John has accumulated a voting record that is very much out of step with the mainstream wishes of voters in Missouri...yet his rhetoric places him very much back in the middle," Carnahan said..
  164. News: Charton . Scott . August 9, 2000 . Now comes November: Missouri parties pick nominees . en . 5 . The Nevada Daily Mail . September 15, 2023.
  165. News: July 20, 2000 . Keeping Track . March 9, 2024 . The Springfield News-Leader . 16 . Carnahan's journey is dubbed the "Working Families Whistlestop Train Tour." He borrowed the idea from President Truman, who popularized train tours during his 1948 reelection campaign. . Associated Press.
  166. Web site: Davis . Patti . July 19, 2000 . Missouri Senate race matches two political 'titans' – July 19, 2000 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20001001080419/https://www.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/07/19/missouri.senate/index.html . October 1, 2000 . July 25, 2023 . CNN . Missouri's Democratic Gov. Mel Carnahan, who wants to be his state's next senator, has kicked off a four-day, 21-county whistle stop tour much like a another[sic] famous Missouri senator years ago. "The seat I'm seeking in the U.S. Senate is Harry Truman's old seat," Carnahan tells voters..
  167. Web site: Charton . Scott . October 21, 2020 . Remembering former Missouri Gov. Mel Carnahan, 20 years after his sudden death • Missouri Independent . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201101022510/https://missouriindependent.com/2020/10/21/remembering-former-missouri-gov-mel-carnahan-20-years-after-his-sudden-death/ . November 1, 2020 . July 25, 2023 . Missouri Independent . en-US . They took off just before 7 p.m. from St. Louis Downtown Airport in Cahokia, Ill., bound for New Madrid, Mo., and a banquet organized by Black ministers. Several hundred people were assembled and waiting at the banquet hall..
  168. News: Leiser . Ken . October 17, 2000 . Randy Carnahan was flying plane under instrument flight rules . 54 . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . October 14, 2023 . Randy Carnahan, the governor's son, was flying the Cessna 335 under instrument flight rules....
  169. Web site: Aircraft Accident Brief . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231015090428/https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAB0202.pdf . October 15, 2023 . October 15, 2023 . National Transportation Safety Board . On October 16, 2000, about 1933 central daylight time (CDT), a Cessna 335, N8354N, crashed near Hillsboro, Missouri. The pilot and two passengers were killed, and the airplane was destroyed..
  170. Web site: June 5, 2002 . Carnahan Crash Report Released – CBS News . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170308050117/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/carnahan-crash-report-released/ . March 8, 2017 . October 15, 2023 . www.cbsnews.com . en-US . A federal probe of the plane crash that killed Gov. Mel Carnahan found that his pilot son, Randy, grew disoriented and lost control of the Cessna 335, in part because the key instrument guiding him through darkness, rain and fog malfunctioned. . Associated Press.
  171. Web site: CPD: October 17, 2000 Debate Transcript . October 15, 2023 . www.debates.org.
  172. Web site: Executive Order 00-19 . April 16, 2024 . www.sos.mo.gov.
  173. Web site: October 17, 2010 . Remembering Mel Carnahan and the day Missouri's political landscape shook . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240102003601/https://www.stlpr.org/government-politics-issues/2010-10-16/remembering-mel-carnahan-and-the-day-missouris-political-landscape-shook . January 2, 2024 . January 2, 2024 . STLPR . en . I was in the press pool assigned to accompany Clinton and his entourage when they flew in for the funeral. They included the president's wife, Hillary Rodham Clinton, Vice President Al Gore and his then-wife, Tipper Gore... In Jefferson City, the presidential motorcade parked beneath the Capitol after dropping off the dignitaries and the army of journalists so they could join the funeral procession from the Governor's Mansion to the Capitol, led by the governor's widow, Jean Carnahan. Ashcroft and Sen. Christopher "Kit" Bond, R-Mo. – both former governors – also were part of the procession..
  174. Web site: 2000-10-21 . Thousands Attend Funeral for Missouri's Governor . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230823172022/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2000/10/21/thousands-attend-funeral-for-missouri-s-governor/ . 2023-08-23 . 2023-08-23 . Tampa Bay Times .
  175. Adams . Michael G. . 2002 . Missouri Compromise: Did the Posthumous Senatorial Election of Mel Carnahan and Subsequent Appointment of Jean Carnahan Compromise Federal or State Law . Kentucky Law Review . 29 . 3 . 433 . At two-thirteen am, Tuesday morning, Lieutenant Governor Roger Wilson was sworn in as governor to serve the remaining three months in Carnahan's term. . Hein Online.
  176. Web site: US Senators from Missouri . September 18, 2023 . www.sos.mo.gov . Mel Carnahan, the Democratic candidate for the U.S. Senate, died in a plane crash October 16, 2000; Missouri statutes required that his name remain on the official ballot for the general election as it was too late to remove it. Carnahan won the seat posthumously on November 7, 2000.
  177. Web site: October 24, 2000 . Carnahan's Widow to 'Enter' Missouri Sen. Race . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20110130104929/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/story?id=122653&page=1 . January 30, 2011 . August 23, 2023 . ABC News . en . “Should Mel Carnahan receive the largest number of votes in the election,” new Missouri Gov. Roger Wilson announced today, “it is my intention to ask Jean Carnahan if she would fill [the] term.” .
  178. Book: Horner, William T. . Showdown in the Show-Me State : the Fight Over Conceal-and-Carry Gun Laws in Missouri . University of Missouri Press . 2005 . 0-8262-1587-4 . Columbia, MO . 150 . en . When Carnahan was killed just weeks before election day, most polls indicated he was trailing Ashcroft by a slight margin..
  179. News: Lewis . Neil A. . October 31, 2000 . THE 2000 CAMPAIGN: THE MISSOURI SENATE RACE; In Missouri, Campaign Flourishes After the Death of the Candidate . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20141206135422/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/10/31/us/2000-campaign-missouri-senate-race-missouri-campaign-flourishes-after-death.html . December 6, 2014 . January 12, 2024 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331 . After the crash, when it was too late to replace Mr. Carnahan on the ballot... But in that period, the momentum began to shift. Signs and stickers began appearing throughout the state, saying: I'm still with Mel and Don't let the fire go out. Suddenly he was staying even in the polls, and then even pulling ahead in some surveys after the state's new governor, a Democrat, floated the idea that he would like to name Jean Carnahan, the candidate's widow, to the seat if her husband won the election..
  180. Web site: U.S. Senate: The Unforgettable 107th Congress . January 2, 2024 . www.senate.gov . The story of the extraordinary 107th began on election day in November 2000, when—for the first time in history—voters knowingly elected a deceased candidate, Mel Carnahan of Missouri, to a Senate seat..
  181. News: Republican senator loses to dead rival in Missouri . CNN . November 7, 2000.
  182. Book: Horner, William T. . Showdown in the Show-Me State: the fight over conceal-and-carry gun laws in Missouri . University of Missouri Press . 2005 . 978-0-8262-1587-1 . Columbia, Mo. . 151 . en . As close as the Ashcroft-Carnahan race was, it was nowhere near as close as the gubernatorial election, which was decided by a razor-thin margin. Bob Holden beat Jim Talent by roughly thirty thousand votes; once again, in such a close race it is not unreasonable to suggest that the grief Missourians felt after the death of Carnahan helped pushed Holden into office..
  183. Web site: Official Election Results- 11/05/2002 . October 9, 2023 . Missouri Secretary of State.
  184. News: July 15, 1965 . Mel Carnahan Is Named Outstanding Democrat . 3 . The Nevada Daily Mail . Associated Press . September 15, 2023.
  185. Web site: December 1, 1998 . State of Missouri—Office of the Governor: Bio . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/19981201051704/http://www.gov.state.mo.us/bio.htm . December 1, 1998 . September 15, 2023 . www.gov.state.mo.us.
  186. Web site: Melvin E. Carnahan . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240127012301/https://beademolay.org/hall_of_fame/melvin-e-carnahan/ . January 27, 2024 . January 27, 2024 . DeMolay International . en-US.
  187. News: February 17, 2001 . Mayor says building to be named for Carnahan . 5A . The Southeast Missourian . September 15, 2023.
  188. News: November 12, 2001 . Rolla armory dedicated for late governor . 2A . The Southeast Missourian . Associated Press . September 26, 2023.
  189. Web site: About Carnahan High School of the Future / Welcome . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20200218174233/https://www.slps.org/domain/1941 . February 18, 2020 . February 18, 2020 . www.slps.org . en . On September 5, 2003, Carnahan opened its doors as Carnahan Middle School. It was named in memory of the late governor Melvin Eugene Carnahan.
  190. Web site: Things to Do Carnahan Memorial Gardens . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200807095303/https://www.visitmo.com/things-to-do/carnahan-memorial-gardens . August 7, 2020 . September 18, 2023 . Visit Missouri . en-US . After the death of Governor Carnahan, the garden was renamed as a memorial to his work..
  191. Web site: O'Leary . Emily . August 17, 2023 . Crews install bust of former governor in garden named for him . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230918054715/https://www.fultonsun.com/news/2023/aug/17/crews-install-bust-of-former-governor-in-garden/ . September 18, 2023 . September 18, 2023 . Fulton Sun . en . A bust of late Gov. Mel Carnahan now overlooks a garden on the State Capitol grounds that bears his name..
  192. Web site: Gustafson . Matthew . February 8, 2024 . Bust of former Gov. Mel Carnahan dedicated in Jefferson City . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240209052039/https://www.komu.com/news/midmissourinews/bust-of-former-gov-mel-carnahan-dedicated-in-jefferson-city/article_d1dfb580-c6de-11ee-8aa3-a792a7690829.html . February 9, 2024 . March 9, 2024 . KOMU 8 . en . A bust of former governor Mel Carnahan was dedicated Thursday at the Carnahan Memorial Garden in Jefferson City. The dedicated occurred just over a week after the death of his wife, former U.S. Sen. Jean Carnahan, on Jan. 30..
  193. News: Albeck-Ripka . Livia . Mayorquin . Orlando . January 31, 2024 . Jean Carnahan, First Woman to Represent Missouri in U.S. Senate, Dies at 90 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240131042155/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/30/us/jean-carnahan-dead.html . January 31, 2024 . January 31, 2024 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331 . She met Mr. Carnahan when they were teenagers at a Sunday night youth group at a Baptist church, and they sat next to each other in class at Anacostia High School, the family said. The couple were married on June 12, 1954..
  194. News: June 24, 1954 . Carnahan-Carpenter . 1 . The Current Local . October 14, 2023.
  195. Book: Larsen, Lawrence H. . A history of Missouri. 6: 1953 to 2003 . Univ. of Miss. Pr . 2004 . 978-0-8262-1546-8 . 6th . Columbia, Miss . 148 . en . They had four children, a girl and three boys, all of whom became lawyers.
  196. Web site: September 13, 2021 . St. Louis-based entrepreneur Carnahan to represent U.S. at UN General Assembly . https://web.archive.org/web/20210927151858/https://fox2now.com/news/missouri/st-louis-based-entrepreneur-carnahan-to-represent-u-s-at-un-general-assembly/ . September 27, 2021 . March 26, 2024 . FOX 2 . en-US . Tom Carnahan, the son of the late Missouri Governor Mel Carnahan and former Missouri U.S. Senator Jean Carnahan... Tom Carnahan founded Wind Capital Group in 2005 and, according to the White House news release announcing the U.N. role, “became a leading developer, owner and operator of utility-scale wind farms in rural America..
  197. Book: Larsen, Lawrence H. . A history of Missouri. 6: 1953 to 2003 . Univ. of Miss. Pr . 2004 . 978-0-8262-1546-8 . 6th . Columbia, Miss . 148 . en.
  198. News: Charton . Scott . October 17, 2000 . Carnahan: Son of rural teachers praised as 'education governor' . 1 . The Nevada Daily Mail . September 22, 2023.
  199. Book: Leuthold, David A. . Campaign Missouri 1992 . University of Missouri Press . 1994 . 978-0-8262-0977-1 . Columbia London . 33 . en . Carnahan’s supporters wore straight-arrow pins to symbolize Carnahan’s image....
  200. Web site: January 28, 1995 . BOY IS OFF THE HOOK, IN THE SPOTLIGHT . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230922232159/https://www.deseret.com/1995/1/28/19156118/boy-is-off-the-hook-in-the-spotlight . September 22, 2023 . September 22, 2023 . Deseret News . en . Cody captured all the attention when he wrote to Gov. Mel Carnahan, asking for "amnesty" from being grounded... Carnahan faxed back a response that day: Pardon granted. "I hope the authorities (your parents) are not too upset with me, and that they decide to accept my act of clemency in the same spirit of good will in which it was given," the governor wrote. . Associated Press.
  201. Web site: August 15, 2000 . Mel Carnahan for U.S. Senate- Mel Carnahan's Biography . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20000815065558/http://www.carnahan2000.com/ . August 15, 2000 . September 15, 2023 . Mel and Jean remain active in the First Baptist Church of Rolla where they have both served as Sunday school teachers and Mel serves as a deacon..
  202. Web site: Charton . Scott . October 18, 2000 . A Straight Arrow . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230804062406/https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/?date=20001018&slug=TT1S1VLK3 . August 4, 2023 . August 4, 2023 . The Seattle Times . Carnahan later earned his private pilot's license and flew often to escape the pressures of office..

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