Meitei nationalism explained

Meitei nationalism[1] [2] (Meitei: ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯅꯤꯡꯕ) refers to nationalism among the Meitei people.[3] [4] In the Meitei context this includes various movements throughout history to sustain Meitei cultural identity, political boundary, ethnicity and history to regain sovereign state status of Kangleipak (presently known as Manipur).[5]

History

Historically, the kingdom of Meitei also known as Meitei Leipak[6] remained sovereign for at least 1951 years,[7] although there were matrimonial alliance as well as wars with the neighbouring country or kingdom of Burma.[8] [9] Meitei kingdom (Meitei Leipak) lost its sovereignty in 1891 as a result of Anglo Manipur War and regained its sovereign status in 1947 but it was short lived due to the controversial Manipur Merger Agreement of 1949.[10] [11]

In the 19th century Hijam Irabot was the pioneer of nationalism in Manipur[12] who firstly revolted against monarchy rule demanding a democratic government for the people.[13] Various demands ranging from self determination to liberation of Manipur all took its root from not accepting the instrument of Merger act with the Indian Union. Scholar Paula Banerjee states that Merger agreement was seen by Manipuris as an "illegal and illegitimate annexation".[14] Meitei and Pangal nationalists[15] began claiming Manipur was a sovereign state in 1949 with democratic rule under 'Manipur State Constitution Act 1947' and Maharaja of Manipur Bodhchandra Singh was in no position to sign the merger agreement.[16]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Book: Lintner, Bertil . Great Game East: India, China, and the Struggle for Asia's Most Volatile Frontier . 2015-04-01 . Yale University Press . 978-0-300-21332-4 . en.
  2. Book: Nayar, V. K.. Crossing the Frontiers of Conflict in the North East and Jammu and Kashmir: From Real Politik to Ideal Politik. 2005. Shipra Publications. 978-81-7541-218-7. en.
  3. Book: Nationalism and Hindutva : a Christian response : papers from the 10th CMS consultation . 2005 . CMS/UBS/ISPCK . Mark T. B. Laing . 81-7214-838-0 . Delhi . 62 . 61453464.
  4. Ray. S.. 2001. The sacred alphabet and the divine body: The case of Meitei mayek in north-eastern India.. en. 1.
  5. News: Neken . Seram . 12 March 2022 . Challenges Before Meitei Nationalism . .
  6. Book: Thomas Callan Hodson. The Meitheis. 1908. D. Nutt. Harvard University. English.
  7. Web site: States Uts - Manipur - Know India: National Portal of India. https://web.archive.org/web/20170821082230/http://knowindia.gov.in/states-uts/manipur.php. dead. August 21, 2017. 2021-05-16. knowindia.gov.in. The independence and sovereignty of Manipur remained uninterrupted until the Burmese invaded and occupied it for seven years in the first quarter of the 19th century (1819-25). Then came British Paramountcy in 1891....
  8. Arora. Vibha. Kipgen. Ngamjahao. 2012. The Politics of Identifying with and Distancing from Kuki Identity in Manipur. Sociological Bulletin. 61. 3. 429–449. 10.1177/0038022920120303. 26290634. 157167951. 0038-0229. Historically Manipur was an independent kingdom ruled by the Meitei dynasty...At one time in history, the river Chindwin in Myanmar formed Manipur's natural eastern frontier.
  9. Singha. Memchaton. Marriage Diplomacy Between the States of Manipur and Burma, 18Th to 19Th Centuries. 2016. Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 77. 874–879. 26552717. 2249-1937.
  10. News: Staff Reporter . 2019-10-15 . Shutdown in parts of Manipur against 1949 merger with India . en-IN . The Hindu . 2022-05-28 . 0971-751X.
  11. Book: McDuie-Ra. Duncan. 1. Introduction . Borderland City in New India. 2016. Amsterdam University Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1d8hb58. 13–36. 10.1515/9789048525362-003 . j.cttd8hb58 . 9789048525362 .
  12. Book: India, United Service Institution of. National Security, Economic Globalisation, and Militancy. 2006. United Service Institution of India. 978-81-87966-49-4. en.
  13. Book: Singh, N. Joykumar. Revolutionary Movements in Manipur. 2005. Akansha Publishing House. 978-81-87606-92-5. en.
  14. Book: Singh, Ujjwal Kumar. Human Rights and Peace: Ideas, Laws, Institutions and Movements. 2009-01-06. SAGE Publications. 978-81-7829-884-9. 134. en.
  15. RAY. SOHINI. 2015. Boundaries Blurred? Folklore, Mythology, History and the Quest for an Alternative Genealogy in North-east India. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 25. 2. 247–267. 43307692. 1356-1863.
  16. Book: Sharma, S. C.. Insurgency, Or, Ethnic Conflict: With Reference to Manipur. 2000. Magnum Business Associates. 978-81-7525-138-0. 111. en.

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