Meihuaquan Explained

Meihuaquan (; literally "plum-blossom Fist") is a common term used to name styles or exercise sets of kung fu:

Meihuaquan and its branches

There are many Meihuaquan that have same origins: Ganzhi Wushi Meihuazhuang, Baijiazhi Meihuaquan, Luodi Meihuaquan, Wuzi Meihuaquan, Leijia Meihuaquan, etc. There are various traditions regarding the foundation of this style; it is said that Meihuaquan has no single founder.

Ganzhi Wushi Meihuazhuang

Ganzhi wushi meihuazhuang (Plum-blossom Pillars of Stems and Branches) is a branch of Meihuaquan, shortened to Meihuazhuang (Plum-blossom Pillars). Ganzhi is a contraction of Tiangan Dizhi, or more fully Tiangan Dizhi Wushi Meihuazhuang.The eighth-generation master Zhang Congfu created a new kind of practise called Xiaojia (Little Frame) as opposed to the older style known as Dajia (Big Frame).

Meihuazhuang is divided into two parts:[2] [3] Wenchang (literary) encompasses theory; Wuchang (martial) encompasses techniques such as Jiazi (frame), Shoutao (sparring exercise to teach combat skills), Chengquan (combat choreography), Yingquan (combat), and Gongquan and Ningquan (moving in war).[4] [5]

Jiazi is characterized by five static positions (Wushi:, five patterns; or, five postures) intermixed with dynamic motion (Xingbu,), and consisting of light rapid footwork and large flowing movements. With a simple expansive posture and built-in poise, Meihuaquan releases and strengthens the flow of energy to increase concentration of the mind.[1] The basic training methods of Meihuaquan are simple, strong, relaxed, and highly adaptable.

Baijiazhi Meihuaquan

Baijiazhi Meihuaquan (Bai-family Branch of Plum-blossom Boxing) is a Meihuaquan practised in the southwest part of Shandong Province. It was founded by Bai Jindou (Pai Chin-tou, in Wade-Giles), a ninth generation master of Plum Blossom Boxing. In Taiwan this school is called Beipai Shaolin Meihuaquan (Plum Blossom Boxing of Shaolin Northern Faction) or Meihuamen(Plum Blossom School).Jiazi of this school are referred to as Meihuaquan Laojia (Old Frame of Plum Blossom Boxing). While studying this set, disciples often train in pairs—duida (hit in pair) and duilian (train in pair)—with and without weapons. At the basic level, duida are only for two opponents and of two kinds: hand-and-kick techniques, or falling techniques. At intermediate level, disciples practise combat against two to five people. At the advanced level, they may study war and Meihua Zhen Gong Fang (Plum Blossom's Arrays).

Leijia Meihuaquan

Leijia Meihuaquan is a branch of Meihuaquan that derives its name from having been practiced near Leijiacun village and spreading to the surrounding area. This branch is clearly related to the Ganzhi Wushi Meihuazhuang, as it identifies in its lineage Zhang Sansheng (or Zhang Zhenshu, a second generation master). This type of Meihuaquan differs from the Ganzhi Wushi Meihuazhuang and the Baijiazhi in having only four postures rather than the usual five: dashi, aoshi, xiaoshi, and baishi. Dashi is roughly identical to the shunshi of the other branches. The attitude of the hands during the basic form (Jiazi) is characterised by the open palm.[6]

Wuzi Meihuaquan

Wuzi Meihuaquan [7] is a shortened form of Sun Wuzi Chuanxin Meihuaquan (Plum Blossom Boxing Piercing the Heart of Sun Wuzi), also called Sun Wuzi Meihuaquan (孙武子梅花拳), Chuanxin Meihuaquan (穿心梅花拳), or Zhongxin Meihuaquan (中心梅花拳). Disciples of this school believe it was founded by Sun Zi, also known as Sun Wuzi. A famous master of this branch is Kou Yunxing (寇运兴).The sets of Wuzi Meihuaquan are Shilu Tantui (十二路弹腿); Da Meihuaquan er lu e san lu ; Xiao Meihuaquan er lu (小梅花拳二路); Meihuadao (梅花刀); Meihua longxingjian (梅花龙形剑); and Meihua qiang (梅花枪).[7]

Luodi Meihuaquan

Luodi Meihuaquan (落地梅花拳, Plum-blossom Boxing on Ground) is a generic name for Meihuaquan, but can indicate a branch that was taught by Li Zhenting (李振亭) in Peixian. The core of this system is Luodi Meihuaquan Bajiao (落地梅花拳八角, Eight Angles of Plum Blossom Boxing on Ground).

Meihua Changquan

Meihua Changquan (梅花长拳)[8] is the name given to a branch of Meihuaquan taught on the island of Taiwan by Han Qingtang, a branch that is part of a wider system that includes other boxing styles of northern China. Its followers also call it Changquan or Beishaolin. Han Qingtang learned this Meihuaquan in Jimo from Sun Maolin (孫茂林) and Jiang Benhe (姜本河), two masters originally from Liangshan.[9] [10] This Meihua boxing has three forms: Maifuquan (埋伏拳), Shizitang (十字趟), and Taizu Changquan (太祖长拳).[11] [12] They also taught a duilian named Xiaowushou (小五手).

Shangsheng Meihuaquan

Shangcheng Meihuaquan (上乘梅花拳, Plum-blossom Boxing of Optimal Quality) is a branch of Meihuaquan taught in Fujian by Wang Jincheng (王金城) to his son Wang Ding (王鼎, 1882–1985).[13]

Shaomoquan – Wang Xiangzhai and Meihuaquan

Among the several styles analyzed by Wang Xiangzhai in a well-known interview[14] is the style of Meihuaquan that is called Wushizhuang (五式桩, Five-figures Pole), which tradition says was taught in Henan and Sichuan. Wang Xiangzhai had contact with this style during his travels through China, in 1928 making friends with Liu Pixian,[15] a master of the twelfth generation of Meihuaquan,[16] with whom Wang Xiangzhai compared methods. After this experience Liu Pixian created a new style to which he gave the name Shaomoquan (少摩拳).

Weapons

Training in Meihuaquan includes the use of eighteen types of traditional weapons, some of which are rarely seen. This is the list of weapons in Baijiazhi Meihuaquan in Taiwan: dandao (單刀),[17] Qimeigun (齊眉棍),[18] qiang (槍, spear),[19] shuangdao (雙刀, double sabre), Xiao shao gun (小哨棍),[20] jian (劍), Da shao gun (大哨棍), jiujie gangbian (九節鋼鞭, see jiujiebian), liuxingchui (流星錘, meteor hammer), sanjiegun (三節棍),[21] Meihua Guai (梅花拐), Bishou (匕手),[22] dadao (大刀, alebard).The first book on rarely-seen weapons is by Genyuan (根源):

Origins of Meihuaquan

The origins of the style are lost in legend. It is said that when Zhang Sansheng taught in public, there had been 100 generations of teachers before him.

Other sources claim an origin before the Han dynasty, from Shaolinquan:

Meihuaquan and History

Some Meihuaquan disciples believe that there were 100 generations of masters before the 20 who came after the Ming dynasty.During the Qing dynasty people who practiced this style were involved in various uprisings, like Wang Lun in 1774, Feng Keshan in 1814, and Zhao Sanduo in the 1900 Boxer Uprising.[23] (Meihuaquan was particularly linked with the early phases of the Boxer Uprising.[24]) Another practitioner, Yang Bing, was an Imperial Palace guard:[25]

Now we know that Yang Bing is a fifth-generation master born in Neihuangxian, not in Huaxian.[26]

About Feng Keshan and Meihuaquan:

Unfortunately, there aren't other sources to confirm that the style was attributed to Wu Mei. Feng Keshan is of the eighth generation. The legend of Wu Mei came from another style named Wumeihuaquan, or Wumeipai, and is found in some accounts of Yongchunquan, a martial art not practiced by Feng Keshan, and different from Meihuaquan.

Other Meihuaquan styles

Meishanquan

Meishanquan (梅山拳, Plum Mountain Boxing), also known as Meihuaquan, is a style created during the Song dynasty in Meishan county of Hunan.[27] [28] It has 77 sets.

Hunan Meihuaquan

A style named Meihuaquan was spread in Hunan during the period of Guanxu (光绪, 1875–1908), by the master Wan Fuzi (万福子), who learned it in Sichuan.

Emei Meihuaquan

Information on Emei Meihuaquan (峨嵋梅花拳, Plum-blossom boxing of the Emei mountain) is scanty. It is said that Zhou Beitao (周北涛) created a set with this name, made up of over 100 figures, after a long meditation with his forehead touching Meihua plants.[29] The book Zhongguo Wushu Renmin Cidian (中国武术人名辞典) instead alleges that Zhou would have learned Meihuaquan, and Taijiquan, from Zhang Yimin (张镒民), in 1930.[30] There are various styles of Meihuaquan from Sichuan.

De'ang Meihuaquan

The members of the De'ang (德昂族), of Yunnan and the area south of Sichuan, have practiced Meihuaquan since the Ming dynasty. Plum-blossom Boxing figured in the White Lotus Rebellion, between 1794 and 1805, in Sichuan, Shaanxi, Henan and Hubei, the revolt also known as Chuanchu Bailianjiao Qi Yi (川楚白莲教起义, Rebellion of schism of the White Lotus in Sichuan and Hubei) or Chuanchu Jiao Luan (川楚教乱, Chaotic Schism of the Sichuan and the Hubei).

Meihua Jiequan

Meihua Jie Quan (梅花捷拳, Plum-blossom Fast Boxing)[31] is a style of Chinese martial arts derived from the Shaolin School. Han Kuisheng (韩愧生), a man of Shandong, practiced this boxing and taught it to Fu Xiushan (傅秀山) from Yucheng (禹城). Fu has published a book titled Jiequan Tushuo (捷拳图说) about the style.[32] Meihua Jie Quan uses the fists as in Xingyiquan, palm blows as in Baguazhang, and has figures as in Yunu Chuansuo (玉女穿梭) and Danbian (单鞭), an identical to Taijiquan. It has five basic figures (Wushi): Pi (劈), Tiao (挑), Shan (闪), Chong (冲), and Xie (斜). Hand strikes are divided into high, medium, and low types, with like types for agility. The complete form is made up of 48 figures, comprising the start and end positions, according to 12-character formulas (十二字诀, Shier zi jue).

Shunshimen and Meihuaquan

Shunshimen (顺式门) is a composite style with the following forms belonging to Meihuaquan: Meihuaquan (梅花拳), Chuanlinzhang (穿林掌), Bafangzhang (八方掌), Meihua Sanshou Ershi Shi (梅花散手二十式), Meihuaqiang (梅花枪), and Wuhu qunyang gun (五虎群羊棍).[33]

Wumeiquan or Wumeipai

Wumeiquan (五枚拳, Boxing of Wumei) or Wumeipai (School of Wumei) is a style of Chinese martial arts which may be put in the Nanquan class. Some write Wumeiquan with other ideograms (e.g. 五梅拳, Five-plum Boxing); in Cantonese it is Ng Mui Kuen. In the Wumeiquan Quanpu (五梅拳拳谱) it is said that the style has been handed down from a Buddhist nun (尼姑) whose religious name was Wu Mei (五梅). In other traditions Wu Mei was a Taoist nun (Daogu, 道姑). She transmitted the style to Huang Baoshan (黄宝善; also known as Huang Baolin, 黄宝林)—of the city of Lufengxiang (庐丰乡), of Shanghangxian (上杭县), in Fujian province—who handed it on in turn to Gong Rongguang (龚荣煌) of Lanxixiang (兰溪乡), also in Fujian. Gradually the style spread through Fujian and Guangdong. The Annals of the County of Shanghang (上杭县志, Shanghang Xianzhi) tell that, at the end of the Qing dynasty, Wumeiquan (五梅拳), which is the orthodox Shaolin boxing, was diffused throughout the districts of Lanxi (蓝溪), Huangtan (黄潭), Taiba (太拔), and the same Shanghang. These are some sequences of hand-fighting taught in New York: Tianguangzhang (天光掌), Wuxingquan (五行拳), and Shier Dizhi (十二地支). This style is often practiced "free form", giving wide latitude to the free application of the movements. These are the weapons used in the school of Shanghang Sanchiba (三齿耙): gou lian qiang (钩镰枪); qinglongdao (青龙刀); mupa (木耙); dandao (单刀); shuangdao (双刀); jian (剑); fu (斧); shuang tongchui (双铜锤); tiechi (铁尺); hutoupai (虎头牌); and bandeng (板凳).

See also: Ng Mui.

Sets in other styles

Many styles have sets named Plum-blossom Boxing within their programs, including Cailifo, Tanglangquan, Hongdong Tongbeiquan, Songshan Shaolinquan, and Hongjiaquan.

Shaolin Meihuaquan

There are two sets named Shaolin meihuaquan (少林梅花拳) in Songshan Shaolinquan:[34] Xiao Meihuaquan (Little Plum-blossom Fist) and Da Meihuaquan (Big Plum-blossom Fist). Xiao Meihuaquan is also known as Shaolin Ditang Meihuaquan.[35] It is said that these sets were created by Jinnaluo Wang (紧那罗王).

Shaolin Yi Zhi Mei

In Southern Shaolin style Nam Pai Chuan (南北拳), Yi Zhi Mei Quan (一枝梅拳) or Single Plum Blossom Fist[36] is a popular form created by Shi Gao Can.

Cailifo Xiao Meihuaquan

In Cailifo (蔡李佛, Choyleefut) is Little Plum-blossom Boxing (小梅花拳),[37] a famous set with this name.

Hongjia Meihuaquan (Hunggar Mui Fa Kuen)

Hongjia Meihuaquan (洪家梅花拳, Plum-blossom Fist of Hong Family) is a set of Hongjiaquan, better known as Mui Fa Kuen in Cantonese. Its complete name is Shizi Meihuaquan (十字梅花拳, Crossing Plum-blossom Fist; in Cantonese, Sap Ji Mui Fa Kuen).

Meihuaquan and Tanglangquan

Tanglangquan has varied connections with the Meihuaquan name. One of the main branches of the style is called Meihua Tanglangquan, and another Taiji Meihua Tanglangquan.[38] Some forms are called Meihua, and in particular one is known as Meihuaquan.[39] [40] Others are Meihualu (梅花路)[41] and Meihuashou (梅花手).[42] Three sets together are "three bloomed hands". Jiang Hualong (姜化龙), founder of the branch Babu Tanglangquan, would have practiced Meihuaquan before beginning to study Praying Mantis boxing.[43]

Qilu Chaquan Meihuaquan

In Chaquan there is a taolu (form) called Meihuaquan and the Seventh Way of the Chaquan (七路查拳).[44]

Gu Ruzhang Bei Shaolin Meihuaquan

Another Seventh Way (Qilu, 七路) is the Meihuaquan of Bei Shaolin of Gu Ruzhang, whose form and style probably is derived from Chaquan.[45]

Qianhou Meihuaquan

Qianhou Meihuaquan (前后梅花拳) is the name of a sequence of Liuhequan.

Qimen and Meihuaquan

Qi School (亓门, qímén)[46] contains a form called Meihuaquan, which is a method of preparation for all incoming boxing students in the school.

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. General introduction to Meihuaquan/Meihuazhuang: Chinese Kung-Fu Series 14,Five Ganzhi Meihuazhuang Techniques, (a bilingual text in Chinese and English)written by Wang Zhizhong, Han Jianzhong, and Yan Zijie,published by Hai Feng Publishing Co. Ltd. Third Edition 1995,Hai Feng Publishing Company
  2. See the article by Cui Zhiqiang, Cui Yongsheng, Zhang Shishan and Xie Peiqing, Meihuazhuang Quan Pai Wenchang Wuchang Xisu yu Chuantong Wenhua Jingshen (Use of Wenchang and Wuchang in Plum Blossom Piles School and essence of traditional culture), published on 04 number in 1996 in Shandong Tiyu Xueyuan Bao. This article tells about the origin of this distinction inside Taoist School Chuanzhen and many sects
  3. The organization model of Mei boxing can be divided into two parts – literary and military, with the former leading the latter. The leading level of literary exercise gives emphasis on the research of theories which contain the essence of "Three Religions", responsible for the management of internal affairs of the boxing school; the pupils of the military exercise learn the boxing skills through the practice of martial arts. The level and form of the military practice can be divided into four parts, namely, posture, boxing forming, boxing wringing, and instruments in Xingtai Mei (Plum-Blossom) Boxing in http://kaleidoscope.cultural-china.com/en/9Kaleidoscope1302.html
  4. see Books on references by Han Jianzhong, Yan Zijie, Wang Zizhong, Lu Gongli, etc.
  5. Web site: Wuchang (pratique) comprend différents exercices comme le Jiazi, le Chengquan, le Ningquan, les Armes etc... . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20081211040922/http://www.meihuazhuang.org/pratiqueframe.html . 11 December 2008 . Association Européenne Mei Hua Zhuang . fr . 29 June 2022.
  6. http://www.meihuazhuang.it/mhz/tecnica_leijia_meihuaquan.htm Storti Enrico, Leijia Meihuaquan
  7. Kou Fengxian ed altri, Wuzi Meihuaquan, Renmin Tiyu Chuabanshe, 1991
  8. It is used in this article to differentiate the practices of Han Qingtang
  9. Adam Hsu, Summary of Sifu Han Ching-Tan's Martial Art: Part 1 - Sifu Han's Life in Mainland China, article translated by Bruce J. L. Chang in http://www.adamhsu.com/articles/taiwanblog_HanChingTan.html
  10. Adam Hsu (original name in Chinese is Xu Ji,徐紀), Han shi Wuji Shuo 韓氏武技說, in http://blog.sina.com.tw/kungfu_adam/article.php?pbgid=42706&entryid=572420
  11. Adam Hsu, Mental Training: Long Fist's Secret Weapon Developing the Generals and CEO's of Tomorrow, article published in "Journal of the Traditional Wushu Association" in 1999
  12. About the Maifuquan forms, Shizitang and Taizu Changquan of the Meihua Changquan, in detail, speaking also of Ted Mancuso, in the article Mei Flower Fist, which appeared originally in the review "Wushu Kungfu" of February 1997,
  13. Wang Ding 王鼎, Shangcheng Meihuaquan 上乘梅花拳, Fujian Renmin Chubanshe, Fuzhou, 1998,
  14. Wang Xiangzhai Tan Quan Xue Yaoyi 王芗斋谈拳学要义 published in 1940 in Pekin Shibao. The same article is titled Wang Xiangzhai Fangwenji 王芗斋访问记 in Xinminbao.
  15. Dachengquan Chuangshiren 大成拳创始人
  16. Meihuaquan di 12 dai chuanren Jin Ligui : Henan canjia de Ao Yun xianqu 梅花拳第12代传人金丽贵:河南参加的奥运先驱, in Hubei Ribao
  17. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPzA_y27VnM video of a set of Dandao by Meihuaquan School in Taiwan, named Meihuadao
  18. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OXdUiuROhjA Meihuagun in Taiwan
  19. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j-kjDrj1Tk0 video of Meihuaqiang in Taiwan
  20. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tV8lOrxXiVU Shuangjiegun in Taiwan
  21. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5gWib301rfY Sanjiegun in Taiwan
  22. usually written Bishou (匕首)
  23. Cohen Paul A., History in three keys: The Boxers as Event, Experience, and Myth, New York: Columbia University Press, 1997
  24. http://www.economist.com/node/17723014 The Economist
  25. Esherick Joseph, The origin of the Boxer Uprising, University Of California Press, 1988, pag.148
  26. Yang Yanming 杨彦明, Wu Tanhua Yang Bing yu "Xiwuxu" 武探花杨炳与"习武序", Zhongguo Wenshi Chubanshe, Pechino, 2004 /G
  27. The system is shown in a book by Chen Yiqiu 陈益球, Meishan Wugong 梅山武功 (Martial Work of Meishan), Hunan Kexue Jishu Chubanshe, 1987,
  28. In 2000, Guangzhou Qiao Jiaren Chubanshe published a VCD series titled Meishan Wushu Xilie 梅山武术系列, demonstrated by Yan Xizheng 晏西征. Titles included Lan Cao Chan Ma (烂草缠麻), Meishan Da Hongquan (梅山大洪拳), Shuang Zhu Lian Cao (双猪恋槽), and Menghu Xiashan (猛虎下山).
  29. (es)Emei Meihuaquan, in http://emeikungfu.tripod.com/ESTILOS.HTM; Emei Plum Blossom Boxing:There are many kinds of plum blossom boxing. The Emei type evolved by Sichuan's Zhao Beitao amalgamates the strong points of several varieties and acquired an easy flowing style of its own. The whole set comprises more than 100 movements which are distinctly of offensive and defensive nature, and is performed within two minutes. It is said that Zhou Beitao had spent a whole winter working under plum trees before he succeeded in creating this style of boxing. Hence the name Emei Plum Blossom Boxing. in Colourful Emei Boxing in https://web.archive.org/web/20091027090541/http://geocities.com/kungfu_galaxy/Northern/Emei.html
  30. Chang Cang 昌沧, Zhou Lishang 周荔裳e altri, Zhongguo Wushu Renming Cidian 中国武术人名辞典, Renmin Tiyu Chubanshe,1994,
  31. Shi Ligang施李刚, Qin Yanbo 秦彦博 e altri, Zhongguo Wushu Da Cidian (中国武术大辞典, The Great Dictionary of the Chinese Martial Arts), Renmin Tiyu Chubanshe,1990,, pag.34
  32. Fu Xiushan 傅秀山, Jiequan Tushuo 捷拳图说, Shanghai Dadong Shuju, Shanghai 193
  33. Yuan Guojun (袁国俊), series of VCD titled Meihuaquan Pai Shiyong Jiji 梅花拳派实用技击
  34. Geng Jun 耿軍, Meihuaquan 梅花拳, Renmin tiyu chubanshe, 2006,
  35. The Shaolin Traditional Kungfu Series 少林传统功夫系列 / Shaolin Plum-blossom Quan 少林梅花拳, showing by Shi Dejun 释德君, Renmin tiyu chubanshe, ISRC CN-M23-05-0085-0
  36. Web site: 2023-07-02 . The Origins of Southern Shaolin Single Plum Blossom Fist - Simon Wang . 2023-07-04 . simonwang.com . en-GB.
  37. Wen Yaoqiang 温耀强, Cailifo Meihuaquan 蔡李佛梅花拳, Xiang Gang Yi Mei Tushu, 1984
  38. Zhang Bingdou 張炳斗 e Zhang Kui 張奎, Taiji Meihua Tanglangquan 太極梅花螳螂拳, Xinchaoshe Chubanshe, 2006,
  39. Huang Hanxun 黃漢勛, Tanglang Meihuaquan 螳螂梅花拳, Hualian Chubanshe, 1985,
  40. Huang Hanxun 黄汉勋, Meihuaquan 梅花拳, Xiang Gang Yi Mei Tushu Gongsi, 1976
  41. Geng Jun 耿軍 and Zhao Huibin 趙會斌, Qixing Tanglangquan – Meihualu 七星螳螂拳-梅花路, Renmin Tiyu Chubanshe, 2006,
  42. Huang Hanxun 黃漢勛,Tanglang Meihuashou Quan 螳螂梅花手拳,Hualian Chubanshe,
  43. https://web.archive.org/web/20010429215928/http://www.geocities.com/mantiscave/jianghua.htm Fernando Blanco Dopazo, Jiang Hualong
  44. Liu Hongchi 刘鸿池, Chuatong Chaquan (zhong)传统查拳(中), Renmin Tiyu Chubanshe, 2006,, the seventh chapter is dedicated to Meihuaquan
  45. Master Chin Kam, student of Gu Ruzhang, is convinced that it is a variation of the Chaquan style, even if the majority of people that practise it think that it came from the Shaolin Temple of Songshan. Another test of this assertion is in the numeration of the Taolu, their names, and their resemblances
  46. Qimen yu liuhemen quan xiexi lie (亓门与六合门拳械系列, Series on the boxing of the Qi school and the school of the Six Coordinations) is a series VCD demonstrated from Li Wenjin (李文静), produced by Guangzhou Qiao Jiaren 广州俏佳人 in 2007. These are some of the titles:1) Erlangquan 二郎拳2) Meihuaquan 梅花拳3) Meihuadao 梅花刀4) Qinglongjian 青龙剑5) Liuhe shuangbian 六合双鞭6) Liuhe lianhua shuangjian 六合莲花双剑7) Qimen batang ban lan shou 亓门八趟搬拦手