Meibion Glyndŵr Explained

Sons of Glyndŵr
Native Name:	Meibion Glyndŵr
Native Name Lang:	esp
Dates:	1979–1992
Area:	Wales
Ideology:	Anti-imperialism Anti-English sentiment Anti-capitalism Welsh nationalism Welsh independence

Meibion Glyndŵr (in Welsh pronounced as /ˈməibjɔn ɡlɨnˈduːr/, also known by its translation Sons of Glyndŵr) was a Welsh nationalist group which carried out more than 200 arson attacks against English-owned holiday cottages in Wales.^[1] The organisation was founded in 1979, during a period of increasing nationalist sentiment in Wales. During this period, significant elements of Welsh public opinion were opposed to the purchase of holiday cottages in Wales by English people, perceiving it as being a major cause in increasing Wales' house prices. Members of Meibion Glyndŵr were responsible for setting fire to several English-owned properties in Wales from 1979 to the mid-1990s, with only one person connected to the group being arrested.^{[2] [3]}

History

The group first came to prominence in 1979 after the Welsh devolution referendum.^[4] In the first wave of attacks, eight English-owned holiday homes were destroyed within the space of a month.^[2] In 1980, Welsh police carried out a series of raids in Operation Tân ("fire") in an effort to find the culprits. As part of the operation, Welsh nationalist and publisher Robat Gruffudd and his wife, Enid, were arrested and interrogated.^[2] The police were not able to find any evidence of the Gruffudds' involvement in the arson and released them; they were also compensated for their time.^[4] Within the next ten years around 220 properties were damaged by the campaign.^[5] It peaked in the late 1980s with the targeting of Conservative MPs' homes with letter bombs, most notably David Hunt, the then Welsh secretary, who was targeted in 1990.

Four separate movements claimed responsibility for the bombings: Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru ("movement to defend Wales"), Cadwyr Cymru ("keepers of Wales"), Meibion Glyndŵr, and the Welsh Army for the Workers Republic (WAWR), whose attacks were on political targets in the early 1980s. Meibion Glyndŵr was the only group to have any claim to long-term success, although since the mid-1990s the group has been inactive, and Welsh nationalist violence has ceased, at least on an organisational level. Letters claiming responsibility for attacks were signed "Rhys Gethin", in homage to one of Owain Glyndŵr's most prominent followers.^[6]

A reinvestigation into postal bombings led to the conviction of Sion Aubrey Roberts in 1993. Roberts was sentenced to 12 years but was released after serving 8 years. He has maintained his innocence while expressing sympathy for Meibion Glyndŵr's cause. A Plaid Cymru member of parliament, Elfyn Llwyd, speculated that the group was an MI5 front.

Armed campaign

• 1979–94: Meibion Glyndŵr fire-bomb around 220 English-owned homes.^[2]
• 18 July 1980: Welsh militants firebomb the home of Welsh Secretary of State Nicholas Edwards, in his rest house in Abergavenny, Monmouthshire.^{[7] [8]} On the same day, a Conservative Party in Cardiff is firebombed by the group.^[9]
• 26 October 1981: An improvised device in an army recruiting office is defused in Pontypridd, prior to a visit by the Prince of Wales.^{[10] [11]} Two days later another bomb is defused by authorities.^[12]
• 28 June 1987: Welsh extremists leave two improvised devices in Abergele and Porthmadog.^{[13] [14]}
• 1988–89: Meibion Glyndŵr declare that "every white settler is a target". The group also places incendiary bombs in Conservative Party offices in London and estate agents' offices in London,^[15] Liverpool, Sutton Coldfield, Haverfordwest, Carmarthen and Llandeilo.^{[16] [17] [18]}
• 18 March 1989; A series of arson attacks takes place in Sutton Coldfield, Haverfordwest, Liverpool and London.^{[19] [20] [21] [22]}
• 22 October 1989; A new ring of arson attacks begin, this time focusing on London.^{[23] [24] [25]}
• 1990: Poet and Anglican priest R. S. Thomas calls for a campaign to deface English-owned homes.
• 20–21 June 1990: Four letter bombs are received. Two are addressed to the Secretary of State for Wales and the Member of Parliament for Pembroke at the House of Commons, and one of the letters slightly wounds a woman. One is addressed to the Secretary of State for Wales David Hunt, and the last to Nicholas Bennett, both of which are defused.^{[26] [27]}
• 1993: Sion Aubrey Roberts, a member of Meibion Glyndŵr, is jailed for twelve years for sending letter bombs to Conservative politicians.

Books

• Mae rhywun yn gwybod (Somebody Knows) by Alwyn Gruffydd (Gwasg Carreg Gwalch, 2004).
• To Dream of Freedom by Roy Clews, 3rd edition, (Y Lolfa, 2004). Concentrates on MAC and the Free Wales Army in the 1960s. Includes interviews by participants.
• 'Freedom Fighters: Wales's Forgotten War 1963–1993, John Humphries (University of Wales Press, 2008). Looks at FWA, MAC and Meibion Glyndwr with many interviews and historical facts.
• Wyn Thomas, 'John Jenkins: The Reluctant Revolutionary?' (Y Lolfa, 2019). Hardback: ; Paperback:
• Wyn Thomas, 'Hands Off Wales: Nationhood and Militancy' (Gomer, 2013).
• Wyn Thomas, 'Hands Off Wales: Nationhood and Militancy' (Y Lolfa, 2022).
• Book: Thomas . Wyn . Hands Off Wales: Nationhood and Militancy . 2022 . Y Lolfa . 978-1-80099-229-0 . en.
• Wyn Thomas, 'Tryweryn: A New Dawn?' (Y Lolfa, 2023).
• Book: King, Richard. Brittle with Relics: A History of Wales, 1962–97 ('Oral history at its revelatory best' DAVID KYNASTON). 2022-02-22. Faber & Faber. 9780571295661 . Google Books.
• Book: Davis, William Virgil. Miraculous Simplicity: Essays on R.s. Thomas (c). 1901-07-25. University of Arkansas Press. 9781610752664 . Google Books.
• Book: Thomas, Wyn. John Jenkins: The Reluctant Revolutionary. 2020-01-21. Y Lolfa. 9781784618186 . Google Books.
• Book: Hill, Sarah. 'Blerwytirhwng?' The Place of Welsh Pop Music. 2017-07-05. Routledge. 9781351573467 . Google Books.
• Book: Ledger, Robert. Power and Political Economy from Thatcher to Blair: The Great Enemy of Democracy?. 2021-03-04. Routledge. 9781000352320 . Google Books.
• Book: Brooke, Nick. Terrorism and Nationalism in the United Kingdom: The Absence of Noise. 2018-04-17. Springer. 9783319765419 . Google Books.
• Book: Henken, Elissa R.. National Redeemer: Owain Glyndŵr in Welsh Tradition. 1996-07-25. Cornell University Press. 0801483492 . Google Books.
• Book: Berger, Matthias D.. National Medievalism in the Twenty-First Century: Switzerland and Britain. 2023-07-18. Boydell & Brewer. 9781843846574 . Google Books.

See also

• Welsh independence
• Welsh nationalism
• Anti-English sentiment

Further reading

• Web site: Meibion Glyndwr. BBC - Cymru Ar Yr Awyr.
• Web site: Holiday homes arson anniversary. 2009-12-12. news.bbc.co.uk.
• Web site: Arson campaign, 30 years on. 2009-12-11. news.bbc.co.uk.
• Web site: Meibion Glyndwr: Home Office papers released about holiday home attacks. 2017-03-16. bbc.com.
• Web site: Shadow of Ulster in the Welsh valleys – archive, 1989. Tony. Heath. 2019-03-01. The Guardian.
• Web site: Second homes: Meibion Glyndwr firebomber admits 1980s attacks. 2023-07-20. www.bbc.com.
• Web site: The story of Meibion Glyndwr and the rise of the nationalist movement. Branwen. Jones. 2021-12-12. WalesOnline.
• Web site: New book explores what would have happened if Meibion Glyndŵr had been caught. 2022-05-12. Nation.Cymru.
• Web site: Meibion Glyndŵr and a housing crisis that sparked a 20-year arson campaign. Jaymelouise. Hudspith. Branwen. Jones. 2021-12-19. North Wales Live.
• Web site: Police 'should close case' on Meibion Glyndwr arsons. 2017-01-03. www.bbc.co.uk.
• Web site: Devolution means that the ghost of Meibion Glyndŵr can stay buried. 2022-06-03. Nation.Cymru.
• Web site: BBC Cymru Wales re-examines a highly controversial period in Welsh history in new documentary Firebombers. www.bbc.co.uk.
• Web site: Crime Files Re-opened: How M15 caught Meibion Glyndwr bombers. Eryl. Crump. 2015-09-19. North Wales Live.
• Web site: Shadow of Ulster in the Welsh valleys – archive, 1989. Tony. Heath. 2019-03-01. The Guardian.
• Web site: Wales' decade of arson attacks. www.bbc.com.
• Web site: Welsh firebomb conviction is first in 12 years: One man was convicted. 1993-03-10. The Independent.
• Web site: Police take fresh look at Sons of Glyndwr. Helen. Carter. 2004-03-11. The Guardian.

External links

• Web site: Meibion Glyndŵr. National Library of Wales Archives and Manuscripts.
• Web site: Firebombers . BBC One . BBC.

Notes and References

1. Web site: Jones . Branwen . 12 December 2021 . The story of Meibion Glyndwr and the rise of the nationalist movement . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20211212115516/https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/story-meibion-glyndwr-politics-cause-22251120 . 12 December 2021 . 30 September 2022 . CymruOnline . en.
2. Web site: The story of Meibion Glyndwr: The politics, the cause and the unsolved crimes told by the people behind the nationalist movement. Wales Online. 2023-10-13.
3. Web site: Police 'should close case' on Meibion Glyndwr arsons. BBC News. 2023-10-16.
4. News: Clashes Over Welsh Language Reflect Deeper Struggle. The Washington Post. 2023-10-13.
5. News: 10 December 2004 . MP's theory over cottage burnings . en-GB . BBC News . live . 30 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060325091742/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/4084013.stm . 25 March 2006.
6. Book: Brooke, Nick . Terrorism and nationalism in the United Kingdom : the absence of noise . 2018 . 978-3-319-76541-9 . Cham, Switzerland . 60–61 . The Dragon Stirs: Nationalist Terrorism in Wales . 1031999502.
7. Web site: Second homes: Meibion Glyndwr firebomber admits 1980s attacks. BBC News. 2023-10-13.
8. Web site: GTD ID:198007180002. Global Terrorism Database. 2023-10-13.
9. Web site: GTD ID:198007180003. Global Terrorism Database. 2023-10-13.
10. Web site: Bomb defused in Pontypridd. British Universities Film & Video Council. 2023-10-13.
11. Web site: GTD ID:198110260007. Global Terrorism Database. 2023-10-13.
12. Web site: GTD ID:198110280006. Global Terrorism Database. 2023-10-13.
13. Web site: GTD ID:198706280002. Global Terrorism Database. 2023-10-13.
14. Web site: GTD ID:198706280001. Global Terrorism Database. 2023-10-13.
15. Web site: GTD ID:198811290008. Global Terrorism Database. 2023-10-15.
16. Web site: GTD ID:198902240001. Global Terrorism Database. 2023-10-15.
17. Web site: GTD ID:198902240002. Global Terrorism Database. 2023-10-15.
18. Web site: Shadow of Ulster in the Welsh valleys – archive, 1989. The Guardian. 2023-10-15.
19. Web site: GTD ID:198903180003. Global Terrorism Database. 2023-10-15.
20. Web site: GTD ID:198903180004. Global Terrorism Database. 2023-10-15.
21. Web site: GTD ID:198903180005. Global Terrorism Database. 2023-10-15.
22. Web site: GTD ID:198903180006. Global Terrorism Database. 2023-10-15.
23. Web site: GTD ID:198910220006. Global Terrorism Database. 2023-10-15.
24. Web site: GTD ID:198910220007. Global Terrorism Database. 2023-10-15.
25. Web site: GTD ID:198910220008. Global Terrorism Database. 2023-10-15.
26. Web site: Westminster and Gwynedd letter bombs linked to 'Welsh extremists'. Daily Post. 2023-10-15.
27. Web site: Suspicion fell on 'Welsh extremists' as cabinet discussed letter bomb campaign. Wales Online. 2023-10-15.