| Mehsana District | |
| Settlement Type: | District of Gujarat |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: |  India |
| Subdivision Type1: | State |
| Subdivision Name1: | Gujarat |
| Leader Title: | District Collectorate |
| Unit Pref: | Metric |
| Area Total Km2: | 4401 |
| Population Total: | 2,035,064 |
| Population As Of: | 2011 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Demographics Type1: | Languages |
| Demographics1 Title1: | Official |
| Demographics1 Info1: | Gujarati, Hindi, English |
| Timezone1: | IST |
| Utc Offset1: | +5:30 |
| Registration Plate: | GJ-02 |
| Seat Type: | Headquarters |
| Seat: | Mehsana |
| Image Map1: | Mehsana in Gujarat (India).svg |
| Map Caption1: | Location of district in Gujarat |
Mehsana district (alternate spelling "Mahesana") is one of the 33 districts of Gujarat state in western India.[1] Mehsana city is the administrative headquarters of this district. The district has a population of over 1.8 million and an area of over 4,500 km2. There are over 600 villages in this district with a population of 2,035,064 of which 22.40% were urban as of 2011.[2]
Mehsana district borders with Banaskantha district in the north, Patan and Surendranagar districts in west, Gandhinagar and Ahmedabad districts in south and Sabarkantha district in the east.
Major towns of the district are Mehsana, Vijapur, Bahucharaji, Satlasana, Modhera, Unjha, Vadnagar, Kalol, Kadi, Visnagar, Kherva, Jotana and Kheralu.
Mehsaji Chavda, a Rajput and an heir of Chavda dynasty, established Mehsana. He constructed the Toran (arc gate) of city and a temple dedicated to Goddess Toran in Vikram Samvat 1414, Bhadrapad Sud 10 (1358 AD).[3] It is described by Jaisinh Brahmbhatt in poems of 1932 AD. It is also corroborated by Manilal Nyalchand, an author of Pragat Prabhavi Parshvanath of Samvat 1879. He also refers that Mehsaji built the temple dedicated to Chamunda. It inconclusively establishes that the town was founded during Rajput period. Another legend says that Mehsaji established it in Vikram Samvat 1375 (1319 AD).[4]
Gaekwads conquered Baroda and established Baroda State. They expanded their rule in north Gujarat and established Patan as its administrative headquarters. Later the headquarters was moved to Kadi and subsequently to Mehsana in 1902. This northern area under Baroda was divided in 8 mahals. Gaekwad also connected the city by Baroda State railway which was opened on 21 March 1887. Sayajirao Gaekwad III built a palace known as Rajmahal in Vikram Samvat 1956 for his son Fatehsinhrao. It is now used as a district court.[4] [5]
Baroda state was merged with India after independence in 1947. It was included in Bombay state. Later became part of Gujarat in 1960 after partition of Bombay state into Gujarat and Maharashtra. Now Mehsana is a standalone district in north Gujarat.[4] [6]
There are 7 Vidhan Sabha constituencies in this district: Kheralu, Unjha, Visnagar, Bechraji, Kadi, Mahesana and Vijapur. Kheralu is part of Patan constituency and rest are part of Mahesana constituency.
According to the 2011 census, Mehsana district has a population of 2,035,064,[7] roughly equal to the nation of Slovenia[8] or the US state of New Mexico.[9] This gives it a ranking of 229th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 462PD/sqkm. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 9.91%. Mehsana has a sex ratio of 925 females for every 1,000 males, and a literacy rate of 84.26%. 25.27% of the population lived in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 7.97% and 0.46% of the population respectively.[7]
At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 97.58% of the population in the district spoke Gujarati and 1.76% Hindi as their first language.[10]
Mehsana district consists 10 talukas: Becharaji, Kadi, Kheralu, Mahesana, Vadnagar, Vijapur, Visnagar, Satlasana, Jotana, and Unjha. Populations as of 2011 were as follows:
| 2011 Population | Total | Male | Female | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Becharaji | 99,588 | 51,152 | 48,436 | |
| Jotana | - | - | - | |
| Kadi | 341,407 | 177,698 | 163,709 | |
| Kheralu | 133,778 | 68,968 | 64,810 | |
| Mehsana | 529,816 | 277,094 | 252,722 | |
| Satlasana | 89,546 | 46,036 | 43,510 | |
| Vadnagar | 145,445 | 74,437 | 71,008 | |
| Visnagar | 262,246 | 136,329 | 125,917 | |
| Vijapur | 257,699 | 133,713 | 123,986 | |
| Unjha | 175,539 | 91,093 | 84,446 | |
| Total | 2,035,064 | 1,056,520 | 978,544 |
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