This article describes the religious, military and civil orders, decorations and medals of the Union of Myanmar.
See main article: Burmese Buddhist titles. Before and after Myanmar's independence, governments presented two religious orders, Abhidhaja Mahā Rattha Guru and Agga Maha Pandita, to distinguished Theravada Buddhist monks. In 1953, the government set up a committee of venerable monks and a committee of individuals to award. The group set four qualifications for the Abhidhaja Maha Rattha Guru order and five qualifications for Agga Maha Pandita order.
On 24 October 1991, the State Law and Order Restoration Council issued provision No. (42/91) and extended 20 religious orders. And provision No. (37/2010) enacted to confer the title of Tipitakadhara Dhammabhandagarika.
The above 23 degrees divided into seven categories were announced and presented annually on Independence Day. Although the original qualifications for religious orders were excellent, some of the qualifications for distinguished venerable monks and outstanding individuals were needed to be updated with the times. Due to such circumstances, the qualifications of each relevant religious order have been revised and amended by order No. (45/2015) dated 17 June 2015.[1]
The State Peace and Development Council has enacted the provision No. 48/2009 dated 17 December 2009 to award honorary orders and medals to individuals who have made outstanding contributions to build nation. The following are the individuals who are eligible for honorary orders and medals:[2]
There are three types of honorary orders and medals in the Union of Myanmar.
There are two groups for awarding individuals who have done great work for the country.
Military Distinguished Gallantry Medals are as follows:
Outstanding Performance Medals are as follows:
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On December 10, 2012, provision amendment added new categories of medals in the Medals for Outstanding Performance. They were:
On December 5, 2014, the President of Union of Republic of Myanmar issued the order No.74/2014 to create and add new categories of the Medals for Outstanding Performance in Administrative, Social, Economy and Subjects fields. They were:
This award (Burmese: လွတ်လပ်ရေး မော်ကွန်းဝင်, Lutt Latt Yayy Mawgunwin) was for participation in both military and civil struggles of Burma's independence. This award is granted for service in three different periods:
Participants in all three periods were awarded the first class, participants in only two periods received the second class and participants in only in one period were awarded the third class. The provision of this award can be passed down to direct heirs of the original participant and to be worn, multi-generationally, in this fashion similar to the awards bestowed by ancient Myanmar kings to their loyal subjects. Established in 1953, the last Independence Mawgunwin Award was given on 24 November 1986.
Instituted in 1948, the Aung San Thuriya (အောင်ဆန်းသူရိယဘွဲ့) medal is the highest recognition for valour and gallantry "in the face of the enemy" that can be awarded to members of the Myanmar Armed Forces of any ranks in any services. This is the highest military award in Myanmar and it is equivalent to British Victoria Cross and German Knight Cross of the Iron Cross.
The decoration is a one and half inch (3.8 cm) stainless steel stylized sun of sixteen rays. Suspended by an integral straight bar suspender. The name of the recipient name and year of award is engraved on the reverse and the sun was held by two ribbons.
To this day, there have only been six Aung San Thuriya medals has been awarded and only one of the recipients is civilian. The recipients are:[3]
Name | Rank | Serial No. | Ethnicity | Unit | Awarding Order No. | Date | Battlefield | Enemy Forces |
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Aye Cho | Major | BC 5180 | Burman | No. 21 Union Military Police Battalion | N/A | 1948 | Battle of Po Tha Aung Gon | Communist Party of Burma (CPB) |
Taik Chun | Lieutenant | BC 7288 | Chin | No. 1 Chin Rifles Battalion | N/A | 18/04/1949 | Battle of Insein | Karen National Defence Organisation (KNDO) |
Hla Thaung | Private | 88865 | Burman | No. 3 Burma Rifles Battalion | 10/A Htoo/50 | 29/04/1949 | Battle of Daik-U | Karen National Defence Organisation (KNDO) |
Suk Bahadur Rai | Private | 01914 | Gurkha | No. 4 Burma Rifles Battalion | 14/A Htoo/51 | 05/1950 | Battle of Tachileik Highway | Kuomintang (KMT) |
Saw Myint | Private | 60603 | Karen | No. 1 Karen Rifles Battalion | 3/A Htoo/52 | 28/06/1951 | Battle of Yethogyi Road | Karen National Defence Organisation (KNDO) |
Saw Ba Yi | Civilian | - | Karen | - | 3/A Htoo/52 | 28/06/1951 | Battle of Yethogyi Road | Karen National Defence Organisation (KNDO) |
The decoration is a bronze stylized Burmese lion, with the name of the decoration written in Burmese "Thiha Thura" (သီဟသူရ) on the scroll below. The ribbon is 1.25 inches (32 mm), bright red with yellow edges or red with dark green centre stripes.
A total of 47 Thiha Thura Medals has been awarded between 1949 and 2018 January.[4]
A gold depiction of a stylized rising sun with the central sun in red enamel. The ribbon is 32 mm, bright red with yellow edges and a yellow center stripe.
To date, a total of 547 Thura medals has been awarded. The only woman to be awarded the medal is Ma Chit Po.[5]
In the Parliamentary Democracy Period after regaining independence in 1948, the honorary titles and honorary medals in conformity with the independent and sovereign country were created to confer them on the outstanding persons. From 1948 to 1978, the honorary titles and honorary medals conferred on the outstanding persons were as follows:
In 1978, the Burma Socialist Programme Party issued new provisions on honorary titles and honorary medals in conformity with the Socialist System to amend the honorary titles and honorary medals awarded in the Parliamentary Democracy Period. According to new provision, the titles and medals were conferred on those who forged the Socialism, on those who made the utmost efforts for the improvement of the socialist economic system, and on those who made the ultimate sacrifice in safeguarding the nation. The honorary titles and medals awarded from 1978 to 1988 were as follows:
The honorary titles and medals awarded from 1988 to 2009 were the same as those awarded from 1978 to 1988. There were no changes in honorary titles and medals, and most were awarded in accordance with the system practiced during the period of Burma Socialist Programme Party.