McDonough syndrome explained

McDonough syndrome
Synonyms:	Mental retardation, peculiar facies, kyphoscoliosis, diastasis recti, cryptorchidism, and congenital heart defect
Onset:	Conception
Duration:	Lifelong
Cause:	-->
Risk:	-->
Prevention:	none
Management:	-->
Prognosis:	Ok
Frequency:	very rare, only 6 cases from three families in the U.S., Spain and India have been described in medical literature
Deaths:	-

McDonough syndrome, also known as Mental retardation, peculiar facies, kyphoscoliosis, diastasis recti, cryptorchidism, and congenital heart defect is a very rare multi-systemic genetic disorder which is characterized by facial dysmorphisms, psychomotor delays, intellectual disabilities, and congenital heart defects. Additional findings include either pectus excavatum or pectus carinatum, kyphoscoliosis, diastasis recti and cryptorchidism.^[1]

Signs and symptoms

The following is a list of the symptoms individuals with this disorder usually exhibit:^[2]

• Superciliary arc prominence
• Unibrow (clinically known as synophrys)
• Strabismus
• Large ears with anteversion
• Large nose
• Teeth malocclusion
• Psychomotor delay
• Intellectual disabilities
• Pulmonic stenosis
• Patent ductus arteriosus
• Atrial septal defect

Less common symptoms include chest defects, kyphoscoliosis, diastasis recti ane cryptorchidism

Cases

6 cases have been reported in medical literature:

• Gerhard Neuhäuser and John M. Opitz describes 3 out of 5 siblings from a 2-generation non-consanguineous family from Wisconsin with the symptoms mentioned above. These kids had IQs ranging from 47 to 67, which is considered clinical mental retardation. The youngest affected sibling had two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome and his father had te mosaic version of said disorder (46,XY/47,XXY). 1975^[3]
• Garcia-Sagredo et al. describes 2 out of 3 siblings from a Spanish family. They had both the symptoms and the additional findings listed above in the article. One (male) of the children and his unaffected mother carried a balanced translocation on the 20th chromosome and the X chromosome. 1984^[4]
• Parul Jain, Ritu Arora, Abhilasha Sanoria, Akshay K Singh described 1 out of 3 siblings from a 2-generation family from New Delhi, India: an 11 year old boy with the symptoms mentioned above and blepharoptosis with low visual acuity. 2022^[5]

Notes and References

1. Web site: RESERVED . INSERM US14-- ALL RIGHTS . Orphanet: McDonough syndrome . 2022-06-13 . www.orpha.net . en.
2. Web site: McDonough syndrome - About the Disease - Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center . 2022-06-13 . rarediseases.info.nih.gov . en.
3. Neuhäuser . G. . Opitz . J. M. . 1975-11-13 . Studies of malformation syndromes in man XXXX: multiple congenital anomalies/mental retardation syndrome or variant familial developmental pattern; differential diagnosis and description of the McDonough syndrome (with XXY son from XY/XXY father) . Zeitschrift für Kinderheilkunde . 120 . 4 . 231–242 . 10.1007/BF00440262 . 0044-2917 . 1189520. 31255769 .
4. García-Sagredo . J. M. . Lozano . C. . Ferrando . P. . San Román . C. . August 1984 . Mentally retarded siblings with congenital heart defect, peculiar facies and cryptorchidism in the male: possible McDonough syndrome with coincidental (X; 20) translocation . Clinical Genetics . 26 . 2 . 117–124 . 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1984.tb00800.x . 0009-9163 . 6147215. 44263038 .
5. Web site: Jain . Bowman's membrane corneal dystrophy in a case of McDonough syndrome: A new association . 2022-06-13 . ijoreports.in.