RATP Group explained

RATP Group
Type:	EPIC
Industry:	Public transport
Founded:	in Paris
Hq Location City:	Paris
Hq Location Country:	France
Area Served:	Worldwide
Key People:	Jean Castex (CEO)
Revenue:	(2019)
Owner:	government of France
Num Employees:	64,000 (2019)

The RATP Group (French: Groupe RATP) is a French state-owned enterprise (EPIC) that operates public transport systems. Headquartered in Paris, it originally operated under the name French: '''Régie autonome des transports parisiens''' (English: Parisian Autonomous Transport Administration). Its logo represents, in a stylized version, the Seine's meandering through the Paris area as the face of a person looking up. The company had described itself as the fourth-largest presence in public transport.

RATP Group was established in 1949 with the express purpose of operating Paris' public transport system. During the twentieth century, it focused solely on the provision of the capital's various forms of transit, from the Paris Métro, Île-de-France tram, and the RATP bus network, as well as part of the regional express rail (RER) network. However, since 2002, RATP Group's operations have no longer been geographically restricted; it has competitively pursued contracts to operate transit systems around the world. It also had a partnership with, and a minority shareholding in, Transdev, which has further involved RATP Group in various global transport operations. During 2002, RATP Dev was created as the Group's dedicated international operations and maintenance subsidiary; it is present in 16 countries across Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and North America.

RATP Group's Paris-related activities are still a major part of its business through to the present day; in 2019, it was recorded that, in the Île-de-France region, it carried roughly 3.3 billion passengers per year.^[1] In 2019, RATP Group's consolidated revenue was ; it employed 64,000 people at that time. In recent decades, the company has operated on an increasingly competitive basis as a result of legislative changes.

History

The RATP was created on 1 January 1949 by combining the assets of the Compagnie du Chemin de fer Métropolitain de Paris (CMP), which operated the Paris Métro, and the Société des Transports en Commun de la Région Parisienne (STCRP), which operated the city's bus system.

Prior to this, the CMP had absorbed the Nord-Sud Company in 1930 and the Ligne de Sceaux in 1937, which operated commuter rail to the suburbs. The STCRP had been created on 1 January 1921 by the merger of about half a dozen independent bus and streetcar operators in the Paris area. By the time the STCRP was merged into the RATP, all of its streetcars had been replaced by bus routes.

Shift towards competitive operations

A major change in French law came on 3 November 2009, when article 5 of the ARAF (French rail regulatory body) law came into effect. This law opens public transport operation to competition. The law was part of a broader push by the European Union to open all passenger transport operation to competition. Under this law, the RATP Group lost the exclusive right to operate all new public transport lines immediately. The company's exclusive operation rights for existing lines would expire over time, with the bus network going out to bid 15 years later in 2024, the tram network (Lines T1, T2 & T3) going out to bid 20 years later in 2029, and the Metro and RER lines out to bid 30 years later in 2039.^[2]

With the RATP anticipating this shift to a competitive environment, the company began to reorganize itself.

In the early years of the 21st century, a partnership with Transdev resulted in RATP acquiring a minority shareholding in that group, with its many worldwide transport operations. However, in 2009, the Caisse des dépôts et consignations, the majority owner of the Transdev, started negotiations with Veolia to merge Transdev with Veolia Transport. As part of the resulting agreement, made in May 2010, it was agreed that RATP would take over ownership of some of Transdev's operations in lieu of cash payment for its holdings in Transdev. This gave RATP a considerable number of international operations.^{[3] [4] [5]}

In 2009, RATP entered the United States by purchasing transit contractor McDonald Transit Associates.^[6] McDonald operated Fort Worth Transportation Authority (now Trinity Metro) in Texas, Votran in Florida, and Waco Transit System in Texas, among others. On 1 August 2011, the RATP Group purchased Stagecoach Metrolink's contract to operate the Metrolink light rail system in Greater Manchester, England until July 2017.^[7] Two years later, in 2013, RATP purchased the nearby long-established coach company, Selwyns Travel, a National Express operator.

Presidents

See main article: List of Presidents of the RATP. The current president and CEO of the RATP, Jean Castex, is in office since 28 November 2022.

Hiba Farès is the Chairman of the Board of RATP Dev since January 2022.^[8]

Operations in Paris

In Paris, RATP operates, under its own name, on behalf of and under contract with Île-de-France Mobilités (IDFM), the Paris region transit authority. RATP's services constitute, in their own right, a multi-mode public transportation infrastructure, but also contribute to a larger multi-mode system extending out into the surrounding Île-de-France communities.

RATP's services in the Greater Paris area include:

• The Paris Métro, a system of mostly underground rapid transit lines which run throughout the city, with some lines extending somewhat beyond the city boundaries. The Métro has 16 lines with 226.9km (141miles) of track and 308 stations.^{[9] [10]} Three metro lines are fully automated and driverless: Line 1 (since 2012), Line 4 (since 2023) and Line 14 (since its opening in 1998).
• Orlyval, the automated shuttle serving Orly Airport.^[11]
• Parts of the RER, the Paris regional express rail network that runs mostly underground in the centre of Paris and overground in the rest of the region. RATP owns and operates most of lines A and B, both together representing approximately 115km (71miles) and 66 stations. The rest of the RER network is operated by SNCF.
• Nine out of the fourteen lines of the Paris tram system (T1, T2, T3a, T3b, T5, T6, T7, T8, T10) totaling 109.6km (68.1miles) and 197 stops.^{[12] [13] [14]}
• The extensive Paris city bus system (351 lines with a total length of 3861km (2,399miles)), including the night buses of the Noctilien network.
• Two BRT lines: the Trans-Val-de-Marne (TVM, 19.7km (12.2miles)) and line 393 (11.7km (07.3miles)).
• The Montmartre funicular.

Paris bus route 341 was RATP's first line equipped with 100% electric full-size buses (starting June 2016).^[15] By early 2021, there were over 150 full battery electric buses in the fleet with a target of 1,500 by 2025.^[16]

Operations outside Paris

RATP Dev (Dev being a contraction of French: Développement, French for development^[17]), established in 2002 as a 100% subsidiary of the RATP Group, provides operations and maintenance of passenger transport services outside of the "historical" RATP network in the Greater Paris area although it also operates some specialised services within Paris. RATP Dev is present in France as well as in 15 other countries, namely Algeria, Australia, Belgium, Egypt, Hong Kong, Italy, Morocco, the Philippines, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, South Africa, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Wholly and partly owned operations include the following:^{[18] [19] [20]}

Operations in France

Heavy rail

• Future CDG Express, express rail link between Paris Gare de l'Est and Charles de Gaulle Airport (in the Hello Paris joint venture with Keolis)^{[21] [22]}

Other modes

• Agglobus, the network of Bourges in the Cher department (since 2011, renewed for the 2017–2022 period, and again renewed for the 2023-2030 period)^{[23] [24]}
• ALPBUS, operating various school, shuttle and coach services as well as fixed routes services including, among others, the bus network serving Cluses and cross-border services between France and Switzerland with routes connecting Annecy, Thonon-les-Bains and Sallanches with Geneva Airport^[25]
• The Bibus multimodal network in and around Brest including the Brest tramway and Brest cable car, in the Finistère department (for the 2019-2027 period)^{[26] [27]}
• Cars Jacquemard, a coach operator in the Eure department
• Cars Perrier, one of the operators of the Sqybus network serving the Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines suburb near Paris
• The CTRL network of Lorient Agglomération in the Morbihan department (for the 2018-2022 period)^[28]
• Com'Bus, Yvelines and Val-d'Oise departments
• The Impulsyon network of La Roche-sur-Yon in the Vendée department (since 2010, renewed for the 2017–2023 period)^[29]
• The Irigo multimodal in and around Angers including the Angers tramway (for the 2019-2025 period)^[30]
• The Kicéo network of Vannes in the Morbihan department (for the 2017-2023 period)^[31]
• Lignes de Vienne et agglomération (L'va) in and around Vienne in the Isère department (since 2011)^[32]
• Le Vib in Vierzon in the Cher department (since 2011, renewed in 2015 for 8 more years)^[33]
• The Marinéo network of Boulogne-sur-Mer in the Pas-de-Calais department (since 2013, renewed in 2021 for another 6 years)^[34]
• The Mistral network of Métropole Toulon Provence Méditerranée area in the Var department^[35]
• Mouvéo, the network of Épernay in the Marne department (since 2016)^[36]
• Ondéa, the network of Aix-les-Bains and its surroundings in the Savoie department (since 2014, renewed in 2021 for another 7 years)^[37]
• "RIO 4", regional and school bus services in the Oise department (since 2021)^[38]
• TAAM, paratransit in and around Amiens in the Somme department (since 2021)^[39]
• Transports annemassiens collectifs (TAC), the network covering the Agglomeration community of Annemasse – Les Voirons (joint control with TPG)
• Transports de l'agglomération de Charleville-Mézières (TAC), the network of Charleville-Mézières and Sedan in the Ardennes department (since 2012, renewed for the 2017–2024 period)^[40]
• TBK bus and coach network covering Quimperlé and surroundings in the Finistère department (for the 2020-2028 period)^[41]
• Transports urbains laonnois (TUL), the network of Laon in the Aisne department (since 2016, renewed for the 2023–2029)^{[42] [43]}
• Transports urbains lavallois (TUL), the network of Laval in the Mayenne department (for the 2023-2031 period)^[44]
• Transports en Commun Lyonnais (TCL), the operation and maintenance of rolling stock, infrastructure upkeep and safety on the TCL network (from January 2025 and for a period of 10 years).^[45]

Other activities

In December 2022, RATP Dev launches hydrogen training center in La Roche-sur-Yon.^[46]

In June 2024, RATP partnered with Wabtec to equip all its RER A trains with a new brake lining that eliminates 70-90% of the health-damaging fine particles found on platforms. Similar tests are being carried out on some metro lines.^[47] The same year, RATP and Île-de-France Mobilités signed an accessibility charter to make it easier for blind and partially-sighted people to travel on Île-de-France's transport network.^[48]

Operations outside France

Heavy rail

• Gautrain, regional express train in Gauteng province, South Africa, linking Johannesburg, Pretoria and O. R. Tambo International Airport (since 2010)^[49]
• "La Ferroviaria Italiana", two regional rail lines in Tuscany, Italy (minority share)^[50]
• Cairo-New Cairo railway, regional rail service between Cairo and the new administrative capital of Egypt (since 2022)^{[51] [52]}

Metro and tramway

• Tramway networks in the Algerian cities of Algiers (since 2012), Oran (since 2013), Constantine (since 2013), Sidi Bel Abbès (since 2017), Ouargla (since 2018) and Sétif (since 2018)^{[53] [54] [55] [56]}
• Future Sydney Metro Western Sydney Airport, Australia (15 years of operations and maintenance starting 2026)^[57]
• Cairo Metro Line 3, Cairo, Egypt (for the 2020-2035 period)^{[58] [59]}
• DC Streetcar, Washington, D.C., United States (since 2016)^[60]
• Florence tramway, Florence, Italy (since 2010)^{[61] [62]}
• Casablanca LRT, Casablanca, Morocco (since 2012, contract renewed in 2017 until the end of 2029)^[63]
• Hong Kong Tramways, Hong Kong (since 2009)^{[64] [65] [66] [67]}
• Manila Line 1, Manila, Philippines (technical assistance, since 2014)^[68]
• MATA Trolley, Memphis, Tennessee, United States (since 2021)^[69]
• Sun Link Streetcar, Tucson, Arizona, United States (since 2013, renewed in 2019)^{[70] [71]}
• Doha Metro and Lusail LRT, Qatar (20-year contract through RKH Qitarat, joint venture formed by Hamad Group (51%) and Keolis-RATP Dev (49%))^[72]
• Future Riyadh Metro Lines 1 and 2 (12-year contract)^{[73] [74]}

Bus and coach

Italy

• Tuscany regional bus network including 4,800 employees, 2,700 vehicles and 57 depots, via the Autolinee Toscane subsidiary (since 1 November 2021, for a duration of 11 years)^{[75] [76] [77]}
• Cilia Italia, Lazio^[78]

United Kingdom

RATP Dev's presence in the United Kingdom is mainly concentrated in London with its portfolio of bus services on behalf of Transport for London. Through its three subsidiaries London United, Quality Line (acquired as Epsom Coaches in April 2012) and London Sovereign (acquired in April 2014), RATP Dev manages 1129 vehicles on 96 routes out of 10 garages, and has 3387 employees, as of 2020.^{[79] [80]} Early 2021, RATP Dev announced that it is to close its Quality Line subsidiary and Epsom depot.^[81] The closure was effective as of July 2021.^[82]

On 16 June 2021, the firm announced it had placed an order for 195 electric buses for its London operations to be delivered jointly by Alexander Dennis and BYD Auto, the by then largest ever full battery electric bus order in the UK.^[83]

On 22 September 2021, RATP Dev and SeaLink Travel Group (now Kelsian Group) announced that their respective West London bus operations (including London United, London Sovereign and Tower Transit's Westbourne Park garage) would merge into a new joint venture called RATP Dev Transit London, with RATP Dev holding 87.5% of shares and SeaLink 12.5%.^[84] The incorporation of the joint venture was finalised on 11 December 2021.^[85] Tower Transit's Lea Interchange garage, located in East London, was not part of the joint venture and remained unaffected^[86] until sold off separately to Stagecoach London.^[87]

Outside of London, RATP Dev manages, since 2011, the Air Decker, a bus service operated by Bath Bus Company connecting Bristol Airport with Bath.^[88]

United States

RATP operates various transit systems in the United States under the name RATP Dev USA:

• Arlington Entertainment Area Management District Trolley, Arlington, Texas
• Asheville Rides Transit (ART), North Carolina (since 2017)^[89]
• Augusta, Georgia (since 2013)^[90]
• Bloomington Transit, Indiana
• Bowling Green, Kentucky (since 2020)^[91]
• Mountain Mobility, Buncombe County, North Carolina (paratransit, since 2011, renewed in 2020)^[92]
• Camarillo Area Transit, California (since 2018)^[93]
• Charlotte Area Transit System, North Carolina (bus only)^[94]
• Citibus, Lubbock, Texas
• Citylink Edmond, Oklahoma (since 2014)^[95]
• City of Lompoc Transit, California (since 2018)
• City of Ocala SunTran, Marion County, Florida^[96]
• The COMET, South Carolina (since 2020)^[97]
• Hartford, New Haven, and Stamford Divisions of CTtransit, Connecticut (management contract since 2023)^[98]
• DC Circulator, Washington, D.C. (six routes and 72 vehicles, since 2018)^[99]
• GoDurham, Durham, North Carolina (since 2023)^[100]
• GoRaleigh and GoRaleigh Access, Raleigh, North Carolina (since 2023)^[101]
• Greensboro Transit Authority, Greensboro, North Carolina (since 2022)^[102]
• IndyGo, Indianapolis, Indiana (paratransit only, since 2021)^{[103] [104]}
• LakeXpress, Lake County, Florida (seven fixed routes, paratransit and 54 vehicles, management contract since 2017)^[105]
• Lextran Wheels Paratransit, Lexington, Kentucky (since 2022)^[106]
• Oxford-University Transit, Oxford, Mississippi^[107]
• Memphis Area Transit Authority, Memphis, Tennessee (since 2021)
• Needles Area Transit, California
• Santa Maria Area Transit (SMAT), Santa Maria, California, U.S. (management contract since 2018)^[108]
• THE Bus, Hernando County, Florida
• TheBus, Prince George's County, Maryland (since 2020)^[109]
• Trinity Metro, Fort Worth, Texas
• VCTC Intercity, California (since 2018)
• Wake County, North Carolina (since 2023)
• Waco Transit System, Waco, Texas
• Yuma County Area Transit, Yuma, Arizona (since 2018)^[110]
• Zion National Park, Utah, shuttle system (since 2000, renewed in 2020)^[111]

Saudi Arabia

• All of Riyadh's urban bus network which will progressively grow to about 100 lines and 1,000 vehicles over three depots.^{[112] [113] [114]} RATP Dev and its Saudi Arabian partner SAPTCO have established the network since 2014 and launched revenue service in March 2023^[115]
• Autonomous shuttles in Al-'Ula, on behalf of the Royal Commission for Al-'Ula (since 2022)^[116]

Switzerland

• HelveCié, operating various school, shuttle and coach services in the cantons of Fribourg, Geneva, Neuchâtel and Vaud^[117]
• Various bus and coach services as subcontractor to Geneva's transit operator TPG^[118]
• Cross-border services between Switzerland and France including services connecting Annecy, Thonon-les-Bains et de Sallanches with Geneva Airport

Basque Country

• RATP Dev operates the coastal zone, and Transdev will handle the retro-coastal zone in association with local transport company Hiruak Bat (since 2024).^[119]

Tootbus

RATP Dev operates hop-on hop-off tours using double-decker buses under the Tootbus brand in several cities:

• Tootbus Paris (formerly "Paris L'OpenTour")
• Tootbus London (formerly The Original Tour, acquired in September 2014)
• Tootbus Bath operated by Bath Bus Company in Bath, Cardiff, Eastbourne and Windsor^{[120] [121]}
• Tootbus Brussels (since November 2021 with up to 12 fully battery-electric vehicles, as part of an eight-year concession granted by STIB)^{[122] [123]}

Other

Since 2013, RATP Dev, in a consortium with TPG and Pomagalski, manages the Salève cable car, in the French Alps.^[124] Ridership of the cable car has increased by 50% since 2013, notably after the introduction of shuttle buses from Annemasse and Saint-Julien-en-Genevois.^[125] The contract of the RATP Dev-led consortium has been renewed in 2019 for 12 additional years, until 2031.

RATP Dev established in 2018 a "regional office" in Singapore for Asia-Pacific albeit not having any operational activity in the city-state.^[126] In December 2020, RATP Dev and SBS Transit announced a partnership for future rail projects in Singapore, without referencing specific commercial targets.^[127] RATP Dev and SBS Transit are expected to bid for operations and maintenance of the future Jurong Region MRT line and the future Cross Island MRT line.^[128]

In September 2020, RATP Dev announces a partnership with Getlink to jointly bid under the "Régionéo" brand name for regional rail services in France which will gradually opened to competitive tendering.^[129]

In February 2023, Sepulveda Transit Corridor Partners (STCP), one of the two private sector teams executing the project development agreement with the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority for the future Sepulveda Transit Corridor, announced to have selected RATP Dev as its operations and maintenance partner.^[130]

Former operations

(selection / non comprehensive list)

• Algiers Metro (from 1 November 2011 to 31 October 2020)^{[53] [131]}
• São Paulo Metro Line 4

technical assistance for start-up and the launch of commercial operations in 2010 and 1% share in the concessionnaire ViaQuatro until 2015^{[132] [133]}

• Rio de Janeiro Light Rail

technical assistance for start-up and the launch of commercial operations in 2016^[134]

• Anqing Zhongbei buses in Anqing, China (as part of RDTA from 2008 to ?)^[65]
• Shenyang trams (as part of RDTA from 2013 to ?)^{[135] [136]}
• Line 9 of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway (as part of RDTA from 2009 to 2019)^[137]
• Line 1 of the Mumbai Metro (as part of RDTA from 2014 to 2019)
• Aléo, the urban bus network of Moulins in the Allier department (from 2012 to 2019)^{[138] [139]}
• STI Allier et STI Nièvre, France (ceased to Prêt à Partir in 2018)^[140]
• The Transvilles multimodal network in and around Valenciennes, including the Valenciennes tramway (from 2015 to the end of 2022)^[141]
• Manchester Metrolink (from August 2011 to July 2017)^{[142] [143]}
• Selwyns Travel

coach operator with 92 vehicles based in Manchester, Runcorn and St Helens, England (acquired in 2013 and sold in 2020).^{[144] [145] [146]}

• "Slide", an on-demand shared transport / microtransit service targeting commuters in Bristol, England (from July 2016 to December 2018, in partnership with French start-up Padam)^{[147] [148] [149]}
• "Slide Ealing" in London (from November 2019 to mid-2020, in partnership with MOIA)^[150]
• Yellow Buses, a bus operator in Bournemouth, England (from 2011 to July 2019).^{[151] [152]}
• Fullington Auto Bus Company, State College, Pennsylvania, U.S.: acquired in 2009 and sold in 2017^[153]
• Open Loop New York

hop on hop off tour company in New York City commenced in May 2014, ceded to Big Bus Tours in 2017^{[154] [155]}

• Capital MetroBus in Austin, Texas: 79 routes, 250 buses, 21 million passengers/year, from 2012 to early 2020.^{[156] [157]}
• Votran in Volusia County, Florida (until 2020)^[158]
• Mountain Metropolitan Transit, Colorado Springs, Colorado (until early 2023)^[159]

References

Bibliography

• Book: Gaillard, Marc . Du Madeleine-Bastille à Météor: histoire des transports Parisiens . Martelle . 1991 . 978-2-87890-013-2 . . fr . 25657685.

External links

• • – official site
• – official site
• Paris tourist information
• Tram Travels: Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens (RATP)

Notes and References

1. Web site: 2 October 2020 . 2019 RATP Group Highlights . 12 October 2020 . 14 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210914105514/https://www.ratp.fr/sites/default/files/inline-files/2019_RATP_GROUP_HIGHLIGHTS.pdf . live .
2. Web site: The essence of our Group . 31 December 2023 . . 31 December 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231231185329/https://www.ratp.fr/en/groupe-ratp/group-presentation/essence-our-group . live .
3. Web site: Merger of Veolia Transport and Transdev . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090727125205/http://www.veolia-transport.com/en/medias/press-releases/Transdev-Veolia-Transport.htm . 27 July 2009 . 5 May 2010 . Veolia Transport.
4. Web site: Completion of the merger of Veolia Transport and Transdev . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110307123507/http://www.transdev.eu/Website/dynamic/actus.php?LANGUAGE=eng&actu=66 . 7 March 2011 . 13 April 2011 . Transdev.
5. Web site: 2011 . The new scale of the RATP Group . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110721020229/http://www.ratp.fr/en/ratp/c_13056/the-new-scale-of-the-ratp-group/ . 21 July 2011 . 4 March 2011 . RATP.
6. Web site: RATP Dev North America adopts one brand . 17 October 2018 . 2 February 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190202173125/http://www.metro-magazine.com/management-operations/news/725882/ratp-dev-north-america-adopts-one-brand . live .
7. News: 2 August 2011 . RATP buys Manchester Metrolink operator . . 2 August 2011 . 17 September 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110917004400/http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/ratp-buys-manchester-metrolink-operator.html . dead .
8. Web site: Info VRT. RATP Dev est désormais seul à bord de Régionéo . 10 June 2024 . VRT.
9. Web site: Île-de-France Mobilités - Omnil . 9 October 2016 . Caractéristiques du réseau, accessibilité et intermodalité . 27 April 2018 . fr . 2 January 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210102194717/http://omnil.fr/IMG/xlsx/reseau_version_en_ligne.xlsx . live .
10. The figure of "308" (stations) does not include the fictional Montmartre funicular station. The latter is indeed considered as a metro station by RATP and statistically attached to line 2, which explains why RATP announces 309 stations and not 308.
11. Orlyval is part of the "historic" RATP network but operated by RATP Dev, on behalf of RATP.
12. [Île-de-France tramway Line 4|Line T4]
13. The operations and maintenance contract for Île-de-France tramway Line 10 was awarded to RATP Dev following a competitive procurement process
14. Web site: 12 October 2021 . Ile-de-France: la RATP exploitera le tramway T10 . 18 February 2023 . fr . 18 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230218161556/https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-eco/ile-de-france-la-ratp-exploitera-le-tramway-t10-20211012 . live .
15. Web site: 1 June 2016 . La RATP inaugure sa première ligne de bus standard 100% électrique . 23 May 2018 . fr . 7 November 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171107011438/http://www.avem.fr/actualite-la-ratp-inaugure-sa-premiere-ligne-de-bus-standard-100-electrique-6067.html . live .
16. Web site: 22 April 2021 . Ile-de-France : les bus polluants, c'est (bientôt) fini . 29 April 2021 . fr . 28 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210428145043/https://www.leparisien.fr/info-paris-ile-de-france-oise/transports/ile-de-france-les-bus-polluants-c-est-bientot-fini-22-04-2021-8431457.php . live .
17. Web site: Company Overview of RATP Développement S.A. . dead . https://archive.today/20140702015250/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=12721781 . 2 July 2014 . 29 June 2014 . Bloomberg Businessweek.
18. Web site: RATP Group . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180201105651/https://www.ratp.fr/en/groupe-ratp . 1 February 2018 . 1 February 2018 . RATP Group.
19. Web site: Our Subsidiaries . 17 April 2011 . RATP Group . 29 June 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130629130925/http://www.ratpdev.com/_subsidiaries/subsidiaries.php . dead .
20. Web site: The new scale of the RATP Group . 17 April 2011 . RATP Group . 22 March 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120322210940/http://www.ratpdev.com/_news/CP/2011/The_new_scale_of_the_RATP_Group.pdf . dead .
21. Web site: 20 November 2018 . Keolis-RATP Dev retenu pour exploiter le CDG Express . 28 November 2018 . fr . 20 November 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181120135931/http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-eco/2018/11/19/97002-20181119FILWWW00244-keolis-ratp-dev-retenu-pour-exploiter-le-cdg-express.php . live .
22. Web site: 20 November 2018 . Keolis and RATP Dev selected for Paris' CDG Express operating contract . 28 November 2018 . 21 November 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181121161746/https://www.railjournal.com/passenger/main-line/keolis-and-ratp-dev-selected-for-paris-cdg-express-operating-contract/ . live .
23. Web site: 13 June 2017 . RATP Dev renouvelé à Bourges . 13 June 2017 . fr . 12 September 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180912170007/http://www.mobilicites.com/011-6253-RATP-Dev-renouvele-a-Bourges.html . live .
24. Web site: 2 December 2022 . Le syndicat intercommunal des transports AggloBus reconduit RATP Dev comme opérateur du réseau AggloBus pour 8 ans . 22 February 2023 . fr . 29 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230129153714/https://www.ratp.fr/groupe-ratp/newsroom/ratpdev/le-syndicat-intercommunal-des-transports-agglobus-reconduit-ratp-dev . live .
25. Web site: 28 September 2021 . RATP Dev remporte 8 nouveaux contrats en Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes et Suisse . 18 October 2021 . fr . 18 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211018201518/https://www.ratp.fr/groupe-ratp/newsroom/ratpdev/ratp-dev-remporte-8-nouveaux-contrats-en-auvergne-rhone-alpes-et . live .
26. Web site: 26 April 2019 . Un référé de Keolis contre le choix de RATP Dev . 30 April 2019 . fr . 30 April 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190430092121/https://www.letelegramme.fr/finistere/brest/brest-metropole-un-refere-de-keolis-contre-le-choix-de-ratp-dev-26-04-2019-12269035.php . live .
27. Web site: 22 May 2019 . Brest Métropole retient RATP Dev pour l'exploitation du réseau multimodal Bibus . 18 March 2021 . fr . 1 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201201212804/https://www.ratp.fr/groupe-ratp/newsroom/ratpdev/brest-metropole-retient-ratp-dev-pour-lexploitation-du-reseau-0 . live .
28. Web site: 18 October 2017 . RATP Dev remporte le réseau de Lorient . 31 October 2017 . fr . 27 January 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180127043056/http://www.mobilicites.com/011-6532-RATP-Dev-remporte-le-reseau-de-Lorient.html . live .
29. Web site: 20 July 2016 . RATP Dev renouvelée à La Roche-sur-Yon . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160915020927/https://www.ratpdev.com/fr/ratp-dev-renouvelee-la-roche-sur-yon . 15 September 2016 . 4 September 2016 . fr.
30. Web site: 22 February 2019 . Angers : RATP Dev choisi pour gérer le réseau de transports de l'agglomération . 4 April 2019 . fr.
31. Web site: 30 September 2017 . RATP Dev remporte le réseau de Vannes face à Transdev . 31 October 2017 . fr . 2 March 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180302163219/http://www.mobilicites.com/011-5446-Ratp-Dev-remporte-le-reseau-de-Vannes-face-a-Transdev.html . live .
32. Web site: 8 October 2013 . RATP Dev reconduit à Vienne . 29 May 2018 . fr . 9 August 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200809223313/https://www.ville-rail-transports.com/non-classe/18657-ratp-dev-reconduit-a-vienne/ . live .
33. Web site: Vierzon; France - A more appealing, consistent transit system . 29 May 2018 . 29 May 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180529204524/https://www.ratpdev.com/en/references/france-vierzon-bus-car . live .
34. Web site: 12 December 2012 . RATP Dev exploitera le réseau de bus de Boulogne-sur-Mer . 29 May 2018 . fr . 10 July 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180710164307/http://www.busetcar.com/ratp-dev-exploitera-le-reseau-de-bus-de-boulogne-sur-mer/ . dead .
35. Web site: 23 February 2023 . La RATP, nouveau gestionnaire du Réseau Mistral à Toulon . 21 March 2023 . fr . 7 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230307011939/https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/transports/la-ratp-nouveau-gestionnaire-du-reseau-mistral-a-toulon-9009730 . live .
36. Web site: 7 February 2016 . Un nouveau directeur chez Mouvéo à Épernay . 29 May 2018 . fr . 27 February 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160227163841/http://www.lunion.fr/656859/article/2016-02-07/un-nouveau-directeur-chez-mouveo-a-epernay . live .
37. Web site: 17 December 2014 . RATP Dev exploitera le réseau de bus d'Aix-les-Bains à partir de 2015 . 23 May 2018 . fr . 7 July 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180707202000/http://www.lepoint.fr/bourse/ratp-dev-exploitera-le-reseau-de-bus-d-aix-les-bains-a-partir-de-2015-17-12-2014-1890540_81.php . live .
38. Web site: Réseau Oise - Région Hauts-de-France - À propos de nous . 20 March 2023 . fr . 7 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230307121710/https://www.oise-mobilite.fr/fr/part14/a-propos-de-nous/154 . live .
39. Web site: 8 December 2021 . Taam : ce qui change au 20 décembre . 18 March 2022 . fr . 29 January 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220129004834/https://www.amiens.fr/Actualites/Taam-ce-qui-change-au-20-decembre . live .
40. Web site: 10 July 2017 . RATP Dev renouvelée pour l'exploitation du réseau TAC, transports d'Ardenne Métropole . 11 July 2017 . fr . 24 May 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180524151212/https://www.ratp.fr/groupe-ratp/newsroom/ratpdev/ratp-dev-renouvelee-pour-lexploitation-du-reseau-tac-transports . live .
41. Web site: 20 December 2019 . Le réseau de transport du pays de Quimperlé confié à RATP Dev . 26 January 2020 . fr . 26 January 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200126191952/https://www.letelegramme.fr/finistere/quimperle/le-reseau-de-transport-du-pays-de-quimperle-confie-a-ratp-dev-20-12-2019-12463580.php . live .
42. Web site: 22 December 2015 . RATP Dev va exploiter le réseau de transport de Laon . 29 May 2018 . fr . 10 August 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200810000755/https://www.ville-rail-transports.com/ferroviaire/22577-ratp-dev-va-exploiter-le-reseau-de-transport-de-laon/ . live .
43. Web site: 13 February 2023 . RATP Dev subsidiary to continue operating Laon's TUL network following contract renewal . 20 March 2023 . 20 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230320144441/https://www.intelligenttransport.com/transport-news/143756/ratp-dev-subsidiary-operating-laons-tul-network-contract-renewal/ . live .
44. Web site: 12 September 2022 . Transports urbains lavallois : Laval rompt avec son partenaire historique . 20 March 2023 . fr.
45. Web site: La RATP obtient la gestion des transports en commun à Lyon . 6 June 2024 . Environnement Magazine.
46. Web site: Lancement d’un centre de formation RATP Dev sur l’hydrogène à La Roche-sur-Yon . 6 June 2024 . Environnement Magazine.
47. Web site: La RATP va équiper le RER A d'un système contre les émissions de particules fines . 12 June 2024 . Les Echos.
48. Web site: Pour « un métro parlant », la RATP signe une Charte d’accessibilité des malvoyants . 12 June 2024 . La Croix.
49. Web site: La RATP réussit son Mondial avec le Gautrain . 19 June 2014 . fr . 26 December 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161226205101/http://www.ratp.fr/fr/ratp/c_12182/la-ratp-reussit-son-mondial-avec-le-gautrain/ . live .
50. Web site: RATP Dev Italia - La Ferroviaria Italiana . 13 March 2018 . it . 13 March 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170313221436/http://www.ratpdev.it/la-ferroviaria-italiana/ . live .
51. Web site: 3 March 2021 . Une nouvelle pierre de Rosette pour RATP Dev Mobility Cairo . 27 June 2021 . fr . 27 June 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210627184350/https://www.constructioncayola.com/rail/article/2021/03/03/132897/une-nouvelle-pierre-rosette-pour-ratp-dev-mobility-cairo . live .
52. Web site: 4 July 2022 . Egypt's president inaugurates trial run of China-made LRT . 15 February 2023 . fr . 18 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230218155441/https://english.news.cn/20220704/488ad0a23f3b460e8fe138d32ee965ff/c.html . live .
53. Web site: 24 May 2012 . RATP Dev se renforce en Algérie et se voit confier l'exploitation et la maintenance des futurs projets de tramway algériens, en partenariat avec l'EMA et l'ETUSA . 30 May 2012 . fr . 4 November 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121104040304/http://www.ratp.fr/fr/upload/docs/application/pdf/2012-05/communique_tramways_algerie.pdf . dead .
54. Web site: 25 July 2017 . Ouargla tramway inaugurated . 12 April 2018 . 1 August 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170801080618/http://www.metro-report.com/news/single-view/view/sidi-bel-abbes-tramway-inaugurated.html . live .
55. Web site: 31 July 2017 . Sidi Bel Abbès tramway inaugurated . 12 April 2018 . 23 November 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181123020025/https://www.metro-report.com/news/single-view/view/ouargla-tramway-inaugurated.html . live .
56. Web site: 11 May 2018 . Le tramway de Sétif est dans la place . 17 May 2018 . fr . 4 July 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180704214136/https://www.constructioncayola.com/rail/article/2018/05/11/119096/tramway-setif-est-dans-place.php . live .
57. Web site: 21 December 2022 . RATP Dev remporte le contrat d'exploitation et de maintenance de la ligne Sydney Metro-Western Sydney Airport au sein du consortium Parklife Metro . 15 February 2023 . fr.
58. Web site: 3 September 2020 . RATP Dev to operate and maintain Cairo Line 3 . 3 September 2020 . 25 February 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210225185757/https://www.railjournal.com/africa/ratp-dev-to-operate-and-maintain-cairo-line-3/ . live .
59. Web site: 27 June 2021 . Egypt's Transport Minister witnesses full operation of Cairo Metro Line 3 by RATP Dev . 28 June 2021 . 2 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230202112704/https://dailynewsegypt.com/2021/06/27/egypts-transport-minister-witnesses-full-operation-of-cairo-metro-line-3-by-ratp-dev/ . live .
60. Web site: 29 February 2016 . Le tramway de Washington opéré par RATP Dev est en service . 29 February 2016 . fr . 22 November 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181122012543/http://www.mobilicites.com/011-4747-Le-tramway-de-Wahsington-opere-par-RATP-Dev-est-en-service.html . live .
61. Web site: RATP Dev - GEST - tramway de Florence . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160621071118/http://www.ratpdev.com/fr/gest . 21 June 2016 . 19 June 2014 . fr.
62. Web site: La RATP lance le tramway de Florence . 6 June 2024 . BatiActu.
63. Web site: 16 September 2017 . Casa Transports et RATP Dev scellent un nouveau contrat d'exploitation du tramway et du bus . 17 September 2017 . fr . 18 September 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170918063730/http://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/2017/09/16/casablanca-ratp-tramway-bus_n_18007460.html . live .
64. From 2009 to 2020, this operation was managed by RATP Dev Transdev Asia (RDTA), a 50/50 joint venture with Transdev; since 2020 RATP Dev assumes sole control of the Hong Kong tramway operation.
65. Web site: RDTA website . unfit . https://web.archive.org/web/20171225133354/https://www.rdta.asia/ . 25 December 2017 . 25 December 2017.
66. Web site: Hong Kong tram celebrates 110 years . 2 August 2014 . 8 August 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140808045804/http://www.transdev.com/en/media/press-releases/1166.htm . dead .
67. Web site: 22 October 2020 . RATP Dev takes full control of RDTA transport operations in Asia . 21 January 2021 . 3 March 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210303182152/https://www.ratpdev.com/sites/default/files/annexes/communiques/PR%20-%20RATP%20Dev%20takes%20full%20control%20of%20RDTA%20transport%20operations%20in%20Asia.pdf . live .
68. Web site: RATP Dev apporte son expertise pour la ligne 1 du métro de Manille . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141023184354/https://www.ratp.fr/fr/ratp/r_118750/ratp-dev-apporte-son-expertise-pour-la-ligne-1-du-metro-de-manille/ . 23 October 2014 . 25 October 2014 . fr.
69. Web site: 22 June 2021 . Memphis Area Transit Authority Board of Commissioners - Regular Meeting June 22, 2021 . 17 August 2021 . 17 August 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210817130902/https://www.matatransit.com/assets/2/6/2021-06-221.pdf . live .
70. Web site: 25 July 2014 . Tucson Sun Link streetcar opens . 28 July 2014 . 7 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180807001958/https://www.railwaygazette.com/news/urban/single-view/view/tucson-sun-link-streetcar-opens.html . dead .
71. Web site: 14 May 2019 . RATP Dev renouvelé à Tucson et Charlotte . 6 June 2019 . fr . 6 June 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190606092551/https://www.ville-rail-transports.com/mobilite/ratp-dev-renouvele-a-tucson-et-charlotte/ . live .
72. Web site: 7 December 2017 . Victoire pour Keolis et RATP Dev au Qatar . 11 December 2017 . fr . 11 December 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171211110531/http://www.ville-rail-transports.com/ferroviaire/victoire-keolis-qatar/ . live .
73. Web site: 18 September 2018 . Métro de Riyad: la RATP et Alstom remportent d'importants contrats . 14 October 2018 . fr . 20 September 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180920011152/https://www.lopinion.fr/edition/economie/metro-riyad-ratp-alstom-remportent-d-importants-contrats-162489 . live .
74. Web site: 18 September 2018 . Le groupe RATP renforce sa présence en Arabie Saoudite avec le contrat emblématique d'exploitation et de maintenance du métro de Riyad, attribué par ArRiyadh Development Authority (ADA) à RATP Dev et SAPTCO . 14 October 2018 . fr . 9 December 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181209050119/https://www.ratp.fr/groupe-ratp/newsroom/ratpdev/le-groupe-ratp-renforce-sa-presence-en-arabie-saoudite-avec-le-contrat . live .
75. Web site: RATP Dev Italia - Autolinee Toscane . 23 January 2023 . en . 23 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230123170226/https://www.ratpdev.it/en/references/italy-tuscany-bus . live .
76. Web site: 24 June 2021 . Le Conseil d'État italien débloque un gros contrat de la RATP . 25 June 2021 . fr . 24 June 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210624222114/https://www.lefigaro.fr/societes/le-conseil-d-etat-italien-debloque-un-gros-contrat-de-la-ratp-20210624 . live .
77. Web site: 25 June 2021 . La RATP va pouvoir déployer son réseau en Italie, un contrat de 4 milliards d'euros à la clé . 31 August 2021 . fr . 1 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210901202505/https://www.capital.fr/entreprises-marches/la-ratp-va-pouvoir-deployer-son-reseau-en-italie-un-contrat-de-4-milliards-deuros-a-la-cle-1407633 . live .
78. Web site: RATP Dev Italia - Cilia Italia . 13 March 2014 . it . 13 March 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170313221403/http://www.ratpdev.it/cilia-italia/ . live .
79. Web site: 28 April 2014 . RATP Dev acquiert une nouvelle société de bus à Londres . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140506150836/http://www.ratp.fr/fr/upload/docs/application/pdf/2014-04/ratp_dev_acquiert_london_sovereign.pdf . 6 May 2014 . 6 May 2014 . fr.
80. Web site: RATP Dev London - About Us . 29 January 2021 . 25 January 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210125134402/https://www.ratpdevlondon.com/group#page-section-paragraph-362 . live .
81. Web site: 12 January 2021 . RATP Dev to close its Quality Line subsidiary . 29 January 2021 . 4 February 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210204002022/https://cbwmagazine.com/ratp-dev-to-close-its-quality-line-subsidiary/ . live .
82. Web site: 12 July 2021 . Epsom Garage Closes . 31 August 2021 . 1 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210901203313/https://www.epsomcoaches.co.uk/2021/07/12/epsom-garage-closes/ . live .
83. Web site: Jackson . Peter . 22 June 2021 . RATP Dev London places UK's largest ever electric bus order with BYD ADL partnership . 23 June 2021 . CBW . en-GB.
84. Web site: 22 September 2021 . SeaLink Enters Binding Joint Venture Agreement for West London Bus Operations . 22 September 2021 . en . 22 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210922224138/https://www.sealinktravelgroup.com.au/news-media/2021/sealink-enters-binding-joint-venture-agreement-for-west-london-bus-operations/ . dead .
85. Web site: 13 December 2021 . Joint Venture Completion - RATP Dev Transit London Ltd . 17 December 2021 . 16 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211216234941/https://cdn-api.markitdigital.com/apiman-gateway/ASX/asx-research/1.0/file/2924-02465572-2A1345437?access_token=83ff96335c2d45a094df02a206a39ff4 . live .
86. Web site: 23 September 2021 . RATP Dev UK and Tower Transit announce new joint venture in West London . RATP Dev . 17 December 2021 . 10 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211110221548/https://www.ratpdev.com/en/newsroom/publications/ratp-dev-uk-and-tower-transit-announce-new-joint-venture-west-london . live .
87. Web site: 29 June 2022 . Stagecoach welcomes Tower Transit team to its London operations . Intelligent Transport . 4 November 2022 . 4 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221104203434/https://www.intelligenttransport.com/transport-news/137203/stagecoach-tower-transit-london-operations/ . live .
88. Web site: Air Decker History . 22 February 2018 . 22 February 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180222230021/https://www.airdecker.com/us/history/ . live .
89. Web site: 30 August 2017 . RATP Dev remporte la gestion du réseau de transport d'Asheville . 8 June 2020 . fr . 8 June 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200608092010/https://www.ratp.fr/groupe-ratp/newsroom/ratpdev/ratp-dev-remporte-la-gestion-du-reseau-de-transport-dasheville . live .
90. Web site: 5 August 2013 . RATP Dev bolsters US presence with Augusta urban transport network contract win . 11 June 2020 . 10 June 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200610203636/https://www.intelligenttransport.com/transport-news/12068/ratp-dev-bolsters-us-presence-with-augusta-urban-transport-network-contract-win/ . live .
91. Web site: 10 July 2020 . RATP Dev USA named transit management contractor for the City of Bowling Green transit management and operational services . 12 October 2020 . 12 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201012134948/https://www.ratpdev.com/en/newsroom/publications/ratp-dev-usa-named-transit-management-contractor-city-bowling-green-transit . live .
92. Web site: 24 July 2020 . Contract Renewal - Mountain Mobility Buncombe County, NC . 22 June 2021 . 20 June 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210620180151/https://www.ratpdevusa.com/newsroom/news/contract-renewal-mountain-mobility-buncombe-county-nc . live .
93. RATP Dev USA Acquires California Based Roadrunner Management Service . 14 May 2018 . 21 May 2018 . Mass Transit Magazine . 17 July 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180717154015/http://www.masstransitmag.com/press_release/12412424/ratp-dev-usa-acquires-california-based-roadrunner-management-service . live .
94. Web site: 13 March 2023 . Entire Charlotte light rail fleet to be repaired following 2022 Blue Line derailment . 21 March 2023 . 14 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230314013450/https://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/politics-government/article273086740.html . live .
95. Web site: Edmond Citylink McDonald Transit and Associates . 10 June 2020 . 10 June 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200610203640/https://edmondok.com/933/McDonald-Transit-and-Associates . live .
96. Web site: SunTran Overview . 19 May 2021 . 19 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210519141903/https://www.ocalafl.org/government/city-departments-i-z/suntran . live .
97. Web site: 2 June 2020 . The COMET awards new service contract for fixed route and paratransit services . 8 June 2020 . 8 June 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200608091411/https://www.masstransitmag.com/management/press-release/21140599/central-midlands-regional-transit-authority-cmrta-the-comet-the-comet-awards-new-service-contract-for-fixed-route-and-paratransit-services . live .
98. Web site: 18 February 2023 . CTDOT Announces Contract with RATP Dev USA to Manage the Hartford, New Haven, and Stamford Divisions of CTtransit . 27 December 2022 . 27 December 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221227151509/https://portal.ct.gov/DOT/CTDOT-Press-Releases/2022/Contract-with-RATP-Dev-USA . live .
99. Web site: 4 June 2018 . D.C. Circulator will be privatized under a proposed $141M deal . 6 June 2018 . 9 August 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200809121534/https://www.bizjournals.com/washington/news/2018/06/04/d-c-circulator-will-be-privatized-under-a-proposed.html . live .
100. Web site: 16 May 2023 . RATP Dev USA awarded GoDurham fixed route operations contract In Durham, NC . 20 July 2023 . 20 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230720175104/https://www.ajot.com/news/ratp-dev-usa-awarded-godurham-fixed-route-operations-contract-in-durham-nc . live .
101. Web site: BoardDocs® Agenda Item: G.2 Contract Services – GoRaleigh / GoRaleigh Access Operating Contract – RATP Dev USA, Inc .
102. Web site: 7 July 2022 . RATP Dev USA to manage Greensboro bus system in North Carolina . 18 February 2023 . 18 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230218211838/https://www.intelligenttransport.com/transport-news/137534/ratp-dev-usa-greensboro-bus-north-carolina/ . live .
103. Web site: 17 August 2021 . IndyGo names new contractor for paratransit services . 14 September 2021 . 14 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210914101834/https://www.wibc.com/news/local-indiana/indygo-workers-warned-of-layoffs/ . live .
104. Web site: 4 October 2021 . RATP Dev USA Selected to Manage IndyGo Paratransit Services . 10 October 2021 . 6 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211006112422/https://www.ratpdevusa.com/newsroom/news/ratp-dev-usa-selected-manage-indygo-paratransit-services . live .
105. Web site: 14 February 2017 . McDonald Transit/RATP Dev to operate Fla. transit service . 6 June 2018 . 12 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141318/http://www.metro-magazine.com/management-operations/news/720030/mcdonald-transit-ratp-dev-to-operate-fla-transit-service . live .
106. Web site: 14 September 2022 . Lextran awards Wheels Paratransit contract to RATP Dev USA . 3 October 2022 . www.masstransitmag.com . 13 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221113013943/https://www.masstransitmag.com/bus/paratransit/press-release/21280651/ratp-dev-usa-lextran-awards-wheels-paratransit-contract-to-ratp-dev-usa . live .
107. Web site: GET ON OUT! OXFORD-UNIVERSITY TRANSIT . 2024-06-20 . OUTransit . en.
108. Web site: 7 June 2018 . RATP Dev USA remporte la gestion du réseau de transport de Santa Maria en Californie . 17 July 2018 . fr . 17 July 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180717154159/https://www.ratpdev.com/sites/default/files/annexes/communiques/Santa . live .
109. Web site: 1 July 2020 . RATP Dev USA Begins Operations as New Contract Provider for TheBus . 12 October 2020 . 19 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201019033810/https://www.princegeorgescountymd.gov/DocumentCenter/View/31089/RATP-Dev-USA-Begins-Operations-as-New-Contract-Provider-for-TheBus . live .
110. Web site: 5 June 2018 . RATP Dev USA Selected to Manage Yuma County, Arizona's Transit Service . 6 June 2018 . 6 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180806181547/http://www.masstransitmag.com/press_release/12415574/ratp-dev-usa-selected-to-manage-yuma-county-arizonas-transit-service . live .
111. Web site: 12 March 2020 . RATP Dev USA Renews Contract with Zion National Park Transit Service . 16 March 2020 . 24 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201024055824/https://www.ratpdev.com/en/newsroom/publications/ratp-dev-usa-renews-contract-zion-national-park-transit-service . live .
112. Web site: RATP Dev et SAPTCO remportent l'appel d'offres pour le futur réseau de bus de Riyad . 21 November 2014 . fr . 5 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160305131331/http://www.ratp.fr/fr/ratp/r_121086/ratp-dev-et-saptco-remportent-lappel-doffres-pour-le-futur-reseau-de-bus-de-riyad/ . live .
113. Web site: Bus et métro de Ryad : Ratp Dev veut tenter le grand chelem . 21 November 2014 . fr . 6 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180806180448/http://www.mobilicites.com/011-3244-Bus-et-metro-de-Ryad-Ratp-Dev-veut-tenter-le-grand-chelem.html . live .
114. Web site: High Commission for the Development of Arriyadh - Projects - (2) Riyadh Bus Project . 6 June 2018 . 26 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180626063700/http://ada.gov.sa/ADA_e/DocumentShow_e/?url=/res/ADA/En/Projects/RiyadhMetro/index.html . live .
115. News: 19 March 2023 . Riyadh Buses launches its first phase March 2023 . Time Out Riyadh . 20 July 2023 . 20 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230720175846/https://www.timeoutriyadh.com/travel/riyadh-buses-launch-first-phase . live .
116. Web site: 2 February 2022 . RCU launches autonomous pod vehicle service in AlUla, Saudi Arabia . 20 July 2023 . 20 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230720180430/https://www.ratpdev.com/en/newsroom/publications/rcu-launches-autonomous-pod-vehicle-service-alula-saudi-arabia . live .
117. Web site: Références RATP Dev - Avenches, Suisse . 18 October 2021 . fr . 18 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211018201703/https://www.ratpdev.com/fr/references/suisse-avenches-bus-car . dead .
118. Web site: Références RATP Dev - Satigny, Suisse . 18 October 2021 . fr . 18 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211018201701/https://www.ratpdev.com/fr/references/suisse-satigny-bus-car . live .
119. Web site: Transport en commun au Pays basque : trois nouveaux délégataires pour gérer le réseau Txik Tak, dont RATP Dev . 6 June 2024 . Sud Ouest.
120. Web site: 15 May 2014 . À New York, la RATP promène des touristes en bus à impériale . 19 June 2014 . fr . 6 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180806180545/http://www.lefigaro.fr/societes/2014/05/15/20005-20140515ARTFIG00011--new-york-la-ratp-promene-des-touristes-en-bus-a-imperiale.php . live .
121. Web site: 11 September 2014 . La RATP s'offre le champion des bus touristiques londoniens . 12 September 2014 . fr . 28 February 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190228192922/http://www.lefigaro.fr/conso/2014/09/11/05007-20140911ARTFIG00298-la-ratp-s-offre-le-champion-des-bus-touristiques-londoniens.php . live .
122. Web site: 7 February 2020 . Bruxelles: les bus touristiques "hop on – hop off" seront électriques à partir de l'an prochain . 10 February 2020 . fr . 21 January 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210121205617/https://www.lesoir.be/278307/article/2020-02-07/bruxelles-les-bus-touristiques-hop-hop-seront-electriques-partir-de-lan-prochain . live .
123. Web site: 25 November 2021 . La STIB et RATP Dev inaugurent à Bruxelles le premier service de bus touristiques Hop on Hop off 100% électrique . 29 November 2021 . fr . 29 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211129132557/https://www.tootbus.com/fr/brussels/la-stib-et-ratp-dev-inaugurent-bruxelles-le-premier-service-de-bus-touristiques-hop-hop-100 . live .
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126. Web site: 2 October 2018 . Le Groupe RATP ouvre un bureau Asie-Pacifique à Singapour . 29 October 2018 . fr . 27 February 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210227181854/https://www.ville-rail-transports.com/ferroviaire/groupe-pacifique-singapour/ . live .
127. Web site: 15 December 2020 . SBS Transit partners RATP to vie for new business in Singapore . 15 December 2020 . 15 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201215112444/https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/companies-markets/sbs-transit-partners-ratp-to-vie-for-new-business-in-singapore . live .
128. News: 9 May 2023 . LTA Calls for Tenders to Appoint Rail Operators for Upcoming MRT Lines . Sgtrains . 20 July 2023 . 20 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230720181045/https://blog.sgtrains.com/2023/05/lta-calls-for-tenders-rail-operators-for-jrl-crl/ . live .
129. Web site: 15 September 2020 . Getlink et la RATP lancent Régionéo . 18 February 2021 . fr.
130. Web site: 23 February 2023 . RATP Dev named O&M partner for LA Metro's Sepulveda project . 20 March 2023 . 20 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230320152217/https://www.railway-technology.com/news/ratp-dev-la-metro-sepulveda/ . live .
131. Web site: 2 October 2020 . Metro d'Alger : le contrat d'exploitation de la RATP n'est pas reconduit . 2 October 2020 . fr . 30 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201230134058/https://www.constructioncayola.com/rail/article/2020/10/02/130387/metro-alger-contrat-exploitation-ratp-est-pas-reconduit . live .
132. Web site: Delivery of São Paulo Metro Line 4 – Brazil's first passenger rail public-private partnership . 29 March 2018 . 27 February 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120227220355/http://www.arema.org/files/library/2010_Conference_Proceedings/Delivery_of_Sao_Paulo_Metro_Line_4-Brazils_First_Passenger_Rail_Public_Private_Partnership.pdf . live .
133. Web site: 23 October 2015 . CCR exerce direito de compra de participação da RATP na ViaQuatro . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20151024163639/http://br.reuters.com/article/businessNews/idBRKCN0SH2H920151023 . October 24, 2015 . 29 March 2018 . pt.
134. Web site: 7 June 2016 . Brésil : Alstom et RATP Dev dans le nouveau tramway de Rio . 8 June 2016 . fr . 1 March 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190301013707/http://www.mobilicites.com/011-5126-Alstom-et-RATP-Devdans-le-nouveau-tramway-de-Rio.html . live .
135. Web site: Shenyang Tramway Network operated by RATP Dev and Transdev enters service . dead . https://archive.today/20140525084511/http://www.vtra.cn/en/content-32-199-1.html . 25 May 2014 . 25 May 2014.
136. Web site: 26 April 2013 . Transdev and RATP Dev win contract to operate tramway network in Shenyang, China . 2 August 2014 . 8 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160308031218/http://www.transdev.com/en/media/press-releases/contract-tramway-shenyang-china.htm . live .
137. Web site: 2 April 2019 . L'inévitable divorce de RATP Dev et Transdev . 4 April 2019 . fr . Nouvelle . L'Usine . 13 August 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200813234700/https://www.usinenouvelle.com/article/divorce-a-l-asiatique-pour-ratp-dev-et-transdev.N826025 . live .
138. Web site: Présentation du délégataire, Moulins Mobilité, filiale de RATP DEV . 24 May 2018 . fr . 30 December 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230111149/https://www.busaleo.com/moulins-mobilite . dead .
139. Web site: 2 May 2019 . Keolis écarte RATP Dev de Moulins Communauté . 6 May 2019 . fr . 6 May 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190506072202/https://www.ville-rail-transports.com/lettre-confidentielle/remporte-transport-communaute/ . live .
140. Web site: 28 June 2018 . Prêt à Partir fait route vers le sud . 28 June 2018 . fr . 28 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180628124838/https://www.lesechos.fr/pme-regions/actualite-pme/0301845776223-pret-a-partir-fait-route-vers-le-sud-2187759.php . live .
141. Web site: 19 November 2014 . Valenciennes : la RATP va remplacer Transvilles . 26 April 2018 . fr . 23 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180623113252/https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/hauts-de-france/2014/11/19/valenciennes-la-ratp-va-remplacer-transvilles-595252.html . live .
142. Web site: 2 August 2011 . RATP buys Manchester Metrolink operator . 27 March 2018 . 17 September 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110917004400/http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/ratp-buys-manchester-metrolink-operator.html . dead .
143. Web site: 18 January 2017 . Southern Rail operator to take over the running of Metrolink network . 21 January 2017 . 12 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612163417/http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/southern-rail-operator-take-over-12471314 . live .
144. Web site: RATP Dev UK - Our UK Subsidiaries - Selwys . 29 March 2016 . 24 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180624203334/http://ratpdev.co.uk/our-subsidiaries/selwyns/ . dead .
145. Web site: 18 March 2013 . Metrolink operator RATP swoops for Selwyns Travel . 7 August 2018 . 1 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180801155208/https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/business/metrolink-operator-ratp-swoops-selwyns-1753666 . live .
146. Web site: Companies House - SELWYNS TRAVEL LIMITED - Filing History . 22 July 2020 . 22 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200722115921/https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/01385533/filing-history . live .
147. Web site: 12 July 2016 . RATP - Padam. Une offre sur-mesure en minibus . 25 July 2016 . fr . 24 March 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170324221343/http://ville-rail-transports.com/content/23412-RATP-Padam-Une-offre-sur-mesure-en-minibus . live .
148. Web site: 29 July 2016 . New ride-to-work service in Bristol uses minibuses you can hail with an app . 5 August 2016.
149. News: 27 November 2018 . New ride-to-work service in Bristol uses minibuses you can hail with an app . 19 December 2018 . 18 December 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181218203501/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-bristol-46360299 . live .
150. Web site: 13 November 2019 . An On-Demand Bus Service Has Just Been Launched In West London . 15 November 2019 . 5 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201205185256/https://londonist.com/london/transport/tfl-bus-on-demand-ealing . live .
151. http://www.busandcoach.com/newspage.aspx?id=3976&categoryid=0 French moves in London
152. Web site: 2 July 2019 . Management moves for bus company . 2 July 2019 . 2 July 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190702164942/https://www.insidermedia.com/insider/southwest/management-moves-for-19m-turnover-bus-company . live .
153. Web site: 28 December 2017 . Fullington Auto Bus Once Again Fully Family-Owned . 13 February 2018 . 6 August 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200806171601/http://www.statecollege.com/news/local-news/fullington-auto-bus-once-again-fully-familyowned,1474960/ . dead .
154. http://www.metro-magazine.com/news/story/2014/05/ratp-dev-launches-nyc-open-tours-.aspx RATP Dev starts Open Tour with 15 buses in NYC
155. RATP's Extrapolitan quits New York sightseeing Buses issue 751 October 2017 page 19
156. Web site: Austin (Texas) renouvelle sa confiance à RATP Dev pour l'exploitation de son réseau de bus . 30 March 2016 . fr . 11 April 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160411060848/http://www.ratp.fr/fr/ratp/v_142255/austin-texas-renouvelle-sa-confiance-a-ratp-dev-pour-lexploitation-de-son-reseau-de-bus/ . live .
157. Web site: 12 August 2019 . Cap Metro board approves $1.4 billion operations contract . 12 February 2020 . 17 March 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200317191855/https://www.statesman.com/news/20190812/cap-metro-board-approves-14-billion-operations-contract . live .
158. Web site: 6 February 2020 . County Council to replace Votran management firm . 12 October 2020 . 27 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210927031010/https://www.votran.org/news-info/news-detail.stml?portalProcess_dd_0_1_1=showPublicEvent&calendar_entry_id=26232 . live .
159. Web site: 7 February 2023 . Transdev expands partnership with Colorado Springs MMT . 18 February 2023 . 18 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230218210944/https://www.intelligenttransport.com/transport-news/143592/transdev-expands-partnership-with-colorado-springs-mmt/ . live .