| Mažeikiai | |
| Settlement Type: | City |
| Pushpin Map: | Lithuania#Baltic states#Europe |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location of Mažeikiai in Lithuania##Location of Mažeikiai within the Baltics##Location of Mažeikiai in Europe |
| Pushpin Label Position: | bottom |
| Coordinates: | 56.3167°N 42°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Type1: | Ethnographic region |
| Subdivision Name1: | Samogitia |
| Subdivision Type2: | County |
| Subdivision Name2: | Telšiai County |
| Subdivision Type3: | Municipality |
| Subdivision Name3: | Mažeikiai district municipality |
| Subdivision Type4: | Eldership |
| Subdivision Name4: | Mažeikiai town eldership |
| Subdivision Type6: | Capital of |
| Subdivision Name6: | Mažeikiai district municipality Mažeikiai town eldership Mažeikiai rural eldership |
| Established Date: | Sixteenth century |
| Established Title: | First mentioned |
| Established Date2: | 1924 |
| Established Title2: | Granted city rights |
| Area Total Km2: | 16.35 |
| Population Total: | 32470 |
| Population As Of: | 2020 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Elevation M: | 117 |
| Timezone: | EET |
| Utc Offset: | +2 |
| Timezone Dst: | EEST |
| Utc Offset Dst: | +3 |
Mažeikiai (; Samogitian: Mažeikē; Latvian: Mažeiķi; Polish: Możejki) is a city in northwestern Lithuania, on the Venta River. It has a population of around 32,000, making it the eighth largest city in Lithuania. The city is the administrative center of Mažeikiai district municipality in Telšiai County. It is the largest city that does not have its own county.
Mažeikiai was first mentioned in written sources in 1335. A chronicler of the Livonian Order wrote about a campaign of the Order, during which the land of Duke Mažeika was devastated. It was located in the Duchy of Samogitia in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania within the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
The town started growing rapidly in 1869 when the Libau–Romny Railway connecting Vilnius and Liepāja was constructed. In 1893, the town had 13 shops and 5 alehouses. In 1894 an Eastern Orthodox church was built, and a synagogue had been founded several years earlier. In 1902 a Catholic church was established, followed by an Evangelical-Lutheran church in 1906. From 1899 to 1918 the town was called Muravyov.
In 1919 Mažeikiai became the county centre and received the rights of self-government. During the first years of independence, Mažeikiai was subject to a territorial dispute between Lithuania and Latvia because of its importance as a railway hub between the Latvian cities of Riga, Jelgava and Liepaja. In 1921 Latvian claims for the town were rejected by an international commission.
A hospital and a library were opened in 1922 and a museum in 1928. In 1939 the population of the town was recorded as 5,618. In 1940 26 industrial companies, 4 banks and a credit union operated in Mažeikiai.[1]
During World War II, Mažeikiai was under German occupation from 26 June 1941 until 31 October 1944.[2] It was administered as a part of the Generalbezirk Litauen of Reichskommissariat Ostland. In August 1941 a mass killing occurred in which 4,000 Jews[3] from the Mažeikiai district were killed.[4]
In 1950 Mažeikiai became the district centre.
In 1980 an oil refinery plant Mažeikių Nafta was opened. Today it is one of the largest industrial plants in Lithuania. In 1999, it was privatized and sold to an American company Williams International. In 2001, facing financial problems, Williams sold the refinery to Yukos. However, Yukos ran afoul with the Russian government and, facing bankruptcy, sold the refinery to PKN Orlen in 2006.[5] In 2004, Mažeikių Nafta financed the construction of the New Church of Saint Francis of Assisi.
In 1928 the Mažeikiai Museum was founded by teacher Stasys Ličkūnas. According to the official website of the Mažeikiai district municipality, the museum preserves and exhibits archaeological, historical, ethnographic, and folk art collections of the Samogitia region.[6]
Mažeikiai has one of the largest cultural centres in Lithuania. It was established in 1946 as a culture house. In 2005 it moved to a new building which has three halls: the great hall contains 750 seats, the small hall has 250 seats, while the entertainment hall has up to 500 seats. The centre has 20 amateur art collectives.[6]
In 1922 a public library was founded in the city. In 1975 it moved to a new three-story building. In 1976 it became a central library in the district with 21 rural and 2 urban branches.[6]
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Lithuania.
Havířov, Czech Republic
Lebedyn, Ukraine
Liezen, Austria
Paide, Estonia
Płock, Poland