Mayoral elections in South Bend, Indiana explained

Elections are held in South Bend, Indiana, to elect the city's mayor. Such elections are regularly scheduled to be held every four years, in the year immediately preceding that of United States presidential elections.

South Bend held its first mayoral election in 1865, the year in which the city was incorporated (electing William G. George, its first mayor).[1] This first mayoral election took place in early June 1865, only two weeks after the formal incorporation of the city.[2]

Elections before 1963

1963

Election Name:1963 South Bend mayoral election
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Year:1959
Next Year:1967
Election Date:November 5, 1963
Nominee1:Lloyd M. Allen
Party1:Republican Party (United States)
Nominee2:Paul Krueper
Party2:Democratic Party (United States)
Mayor
Before Election:Frank J. Bruggner
Before Party:Democratic Party (United States)
After Election:Lloyd M. Allen
After Party:Republican Party (United States)

The 1963 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election was held on November 5, 1963. It saw the election of Republican nominee Lloyd M. Allen.

Incumbent Democrat Frank J. Bruggner, who had reluctantly assumed the office after Edward F. Voorde's death in an automobile accident, did not seek reelection to the office.

This is the last time that a non-incumbent Republican won a South Bend mayoral election.[3]

Primaries

Democratic primary

Two candidates faced each other in the Democratic primary. Paul Krueper was favored by voters on the East Side and had the support of the Democratic establishment.[4] However, Eugene Pajakowki was favored by voters on the West Side, which had a significant Polish-American vote at the time.[4] The South Bend Tribune's political writer at the time, James Carroll, described the primary the two men waged as being, "one of the meanest in Democratic history".[4] Krueper prevailed in the primary,[4] but the ugliness of the primary had split the party.[3] The party largely split along geographic lines, the city's East Side versus its West Side.[4]

Republican primary

City Judge Lloyd M. Allen won a large victory in the Republican primary, which saw sizable turnout.[3]

General election

While a Democratic city, at the time, South Bend was more competitive in its mayoral elections than it is today.[4] A Republican had last won a mayoral election in 1951, and one had come close in the narrow 1955 election (losing a close race to Edward F. Voorde).[4]

The election took place in the direct aftermath of the announcement that Studebaker, a major South Bend employer, would be closing its operations in the city.[4]

Allen criticized the incumbent Democratic-run city administration for the poor condition of the city's streets, and promised that, if elected, he would institute a massive program to repave the city's roads. Allen also campaigned in areas of West Side that were Democratic strongholds and had typically been neglected by Republican candidates.[4]

Allen won a landslide victory.[4] and picked up 5 of the city's 6 districts.[5] Allen's victory has been attributed to the split in the Democratic party following its fractious primary.[3]

1967

Election Name:1967 South Bend mayoral election
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Year:1963
Next Year:1971
Election Date:November 7, 1967
Nominee1:Lloyd M. Allen
Party1:Republican Party (United States)
Percentage1:58%
Nominee2:Eugene Pajakowki
Party2:Democratic Party (United States)
Percentage2:36%
Mayor
Before Election:Lloyd M. Allen
Before Party:Republican Party (United States)
After Election:Lloyd M. Allen
After Party:Republican Party (United States)

The 1967 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election was held on November 7, 1967. It saw the reelection of incumbent Republican Lloyd M. Allen.

This is the last time that a Republican has won a South Bend mayoral election.[3]

Nominations

Republicans re-nominated incumbent mayor Lloyd M. Allen.

Democrats nominated Eugene Pajakowki, who had unsuccessfully sought their nomination four years earlier.[4]

Two independent candidates were also running.

General election

While, during his first term, Allen had received some criticism (including from some prominent city Republicans) for the amount of spending his government had undertaken, despite the city having just lost the major employer Studebaker. Allen defended his spending by declaring that citizens were okay with paying for necessary improvements, so long as they saw actual results.[4]

Allen was endorsed for reelection by The South Bend Reformer newspaper.

Allen won a strong reelection,[4] winning by a 10,500 vote margin.[6] [7] Allen received strong support from the city's African American wards.[6] Allen even received a surprising number of votes in the heavily-Democratic 2nd and 6th wards.[6]

Allen's victory had an arguable coattail effect, with Republican City Clerk nominee Cecil Blough winning his race.[6]

1971

Election Name:1971 South Bend mayoral election
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Year:1967
Next Year:1975
Election Date:November 2, 1971
Nominee1:Jerry Miller
Party1:Democratic Party (United States)
Nominee2:Janet Allen
Party2:Republican Party (United States)
Mayor
Before Election:Lloyd M. Allen
Before Party:Republican Party (United States)
After Election:Jerry Miller
After Party:Democratic Party (United States)

The 1971 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election was held on November 2, 1971. The election was won by Democratic nominee Jerry Miller.[4]

Incumbent Republican mayor Lloyd M. Allen opted against running for a third term.[4]

This election ushered in an era of continuous Democratic control of the mayor's office in South Bend, which continues to this day.[4] [8]

Nominations

Democratic primary

Democrats nominated Jerry Miller,[4] [9] a St. Joseph County Commissioner who had served as President of the County Commissioners.[9] [10] [11]

Republican primary

Republicans nominated Common Council member Janet Allen[4] (of no familial relation to then-incumbent mayor Lloyd M. Allen). Janet Allen was a conservative Republican who had regularly clashed with the more moderate Republican Lloyd M. Allen during his mayoralty, criticizing him on spending and taxes.[4] Janet Allen had been the first woman ever elected to the South Bend Common Council when she was elected in 1963.[12]

The Republican primary had been a divisive one, with a battle being waged between the cities moderate and conservative Republican Party wings.[4]

General election

The Republican Party remained divided after its primary.[4]

Janet Allen would have been the first woman to be elected mayor of South Bend had she won the election., no woman has been elected mayor of South Bend.[13]

Jerry Miller had previously been on a study commission to examine a restructuring of the St. Joseph County and South Bend governments.[9] Carrying some of the ideas he had adopted support for during his role on this study commission, Miller campaigned as a proponent of implementing a cabinet form of governance to South Bend's mayor's office[9] Once elected, Miller successfully would re-organize the mayorship. In what was the largest restructuring of a local government in Indiana since Indianapolis' Unigov, the Indiana State Legislature passed legislation authorizing South Bend to restructure its government as such, and South Bend passed legislation to do so, reorganizing many governmental entities into six departments with heads appointed by the mayor.[9]

Miller defeated allen by roughly 10,500 votes, nearly identical to the margin by which Republican Lloyd M. Allen won in the 1967 election. Over 48,000 people voted.[14]

1975

Election Name:1975 South Bend mayoral election
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Year:1971
Next Year:1979
Election Date:November 4, 1975
Nominee1:Peter Nemeth
Party1:Democratic Party (United States)
Popular Vote1:23,689
Percentage1:68.89%
Nominee2:John Slafkosky
Party2:Republican Party (United States)
Popular Vote2:9,804
Percentage2:28.51%
Mayor
Before Election:Jerry Miller
Before Party:Democratic Party (United States)
After Election:Peter Nemeth
After Party:Democratic Party (United States)

The 1975 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election was held on November 4, 1975. The election was won by Democratic nominee Peter Nemeth, who had unseated the incumbent Democratic mayor, Jerry Miller, in the party's primary.

Nominations

Democratic primary

Democratic incumbent Jerry Miller was unseated in the primary,[15] [16] being defeated by common council member Peter Nemeth.[16] Nemeth's victory was considered an upset.[16]

In the municipal Democrat primaries, 27,330 votes were cast, which set a record high for a South Bend municipal primary.[17]

Republican primary

John Slafkosky won the Republican nomination.

Also seeking the Republican nomination was George Williams Jr.[18] Williams was the first black man to run for mayor of South Bend.[19] [20] Williams was a community organizer.[20]

Independent candidates

Ronald R. Kronewittier ran as an independent candidate.[16]

General election

Due to the strength of the Democratic Party, his upset primary victory, and his popularity as a common council member, Nemeth was favored to win.[16] He ultimately won a landslide victory.[16]

1979

Election Name:1979 South Bend mayoral election
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Year:1975
Next Year:1983
Election Date:November 6, 1979
Nominee1:Roger Parent
Party1:Democratic Party (United States)
Nominee2:Chris Overgaard
Party2:Republican Party (United States)
Mayor
Before Election:Peter Nemeth
Before Party:Democratic Party (United States)
After Election:Roger Parent
After Party:Democratic Party (United States)

The 1979 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election was held on November 6, 1979. It saw the election Democratic nominee Roger Parent.

Nominations

Primary elections were held May 8.[21]

Democratic primary

Roger Parent won the Democrat primary.[22]

Parent won roughly 6,500 votes.[22] The runner-up was St. Joseph County engineer William J. Richardson, who lost to Parent by a roughly 800 vote margin.[22] Third-place finisher was George E. Herendeen, who had roughly 1,400 less votes than Parent had received.[22] Fourth place finisher was Mary Chris Adams, who received roughly 1,800 less votes than Parent had received.[21] [22]

Parent had been the front-runner since launching his campaign.[22] His strategy placed strong hoes on winning the vote in his own city council district.[22]

Republican primary

H. Chris Overgaard was unopposed in the Republican mayoral primary, receiving roughly only 2,100 votes, which was described by Jack Colwell of the South Bend Tribune as a record-low for the number of votes to be cast in a South Bend mayoral Republican primary in "modern political history".[22] In fact, at only 2,264, the turnout in the city's overall Republican primaries were also described as a record-low for modern-time Republican municipal primaries in the city.

General election

the city saw its lowest turnout for a mayoral election since 1925. 29,196 votes were cast.

Parent won by a roughly 2-1 margin over Republican H. Chris Overgaard.[23]

Immediately after the Democratic primary, all of Parent's three largest opponents gave him their support for the general election.[22]

1983

Election Name:1983 South Bend mayoral election
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Year:1979
Next Year:1987
Election Date:November 8, 1983
Nominee1:Roger Parent
Party1:Democratic Party (United States)
Popular Vote1:20,734
Percentage1:61.54%
Nominee2:Howard Goodhew
Party2:Republican Party (United States)
Popular Vote2:11,995
Percentage2:35.70%
Mayor
Before Election:Roger Parent
Before Party:Democratic Party (United States)
After Election:Roger Parent
After Party:Democratic Party (United States)
Turnout:62%

The 1983 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election was held on November 8, 1983. It saw the reelection of incumbent Democrat Roger Parent.

Nominations

Primary elections were held on May 3.[24]

Democratic primary

Democrats renominated incumbent mayor Roger Parent.

Republican primary

Republicans nominated businessman Howeard Hoodhew. Goodhew defeated school board member Oscar Brookins.[24]

American party nomination

The American Party nominated Kathryn Brookins, wife of failed Republican primary contender Oscar Brookins.

General election

At 62%, turnout, while showing an increase over that of the previous mayoral election, was not considered all that high.[25] [26]

Many local Republicans saw Goodhew as presenting the party with its best chances of winning the mayoralty since Lloyd M. Allen left office.[25]

In the closing period of the campaign, Howard Goodhew ran harsh attacks on Parent and the city government he had overseen.[25] Internal polling by Parent's campaign late in the race had shown the race between him and Goodhew narrowing, with Goodhew gaining on him. However, in the very last days of the election, Parent's polls again showed him with a more comfortable margin.[25] Some believed that the last-minuted attacks on Parent by Goodhew may have backfired on Goodhew.[25]

Parent's campaign had been satisfied that voter turnout improved over the previous election, as they believed that apathy among voters would hurt his chances of reelection.[26]

While Goodhew denied it, there were allegations that a state board that he was chair of was playing politics to aid his campaign when it delayed a bond issue for the city of South Bend.[27]

Parent carried the vote in five of the city's six Common Council (city council) districts The coinciding election for the Common Council (which also had two at-large seats) saw the Democrats retain the 8-1 majority that they had won four years prior.[26]

1987

Election Name:1987 South Bend mayoral election
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Year:1983
Next Year:1991
Election Date:November 3, 1987
Nominee1:Joe Kernan
Party1:Democratic Party (United States)
Popular Vote1:17,030
Percentage1:53%
Nominee2:Carl Baxmeyer
Party2:Republican Party (United States)
Popular Vote2:15,104
Percentage2:47%
Mayor
Before Election:Roger Parent
Before Party:Democratic Party (United States)
After Election:Joe Kernan
After Party:Democratic Party (United States)

The 1987 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election was held on November 3, 1987. Joe Kernan defeated Republican Carl Baxmeyer.[3] This is the closest that a Republican has come to the mayoralty of South Bend since the last Republican victory in 1967.

Background

Incumbent Democratic mayor Roger Parent opted not to seek a third term as mayor.[28] [29] Rumors arose that internal polling had shown that, with controversy around the construction of Stanley Coveleski Regional Stadium, Parent would not have been able to win a third term.[29] Several allies of Parent on the Common Council with involvement in the stadium construction would ultimately lose their reelection bids in the May primaries.[29]

Primaries

Primary elections were held in May.[29]

Democratic primary

Joe Kernan prevailed over several candidates in the Democratic primary.[29] Kernan had previously served as City Compttroller from 1980 to 1984.

Kernan's opponents were James A. Guy II, R. McAlister Ellis Jr., Richard D. Jasinki, and Lester Johnson. The race, however, was mainly seen as being between Kernan and Jasinki.[30] Jasinki was an incumbent county commissioner.[30] The race between the two was ultimately divisive.[3]

During the race, Kernan distanced himself from incumbent mayor Roger Parent, who he had served under as comptroller during Parent's first term as mayor.[30] When asked about Parent at a forum he declared that if elected, "it's going to be Joe Kernan's administration."[30] He said he would not include Parent in his administration.[30] He declared that the controversial baseball stadium project that was pushed by Parent as problematic, but stated that, now that it was built, the city needed to make the best use of the stadium rather than, "sulk and pout about it for 20 years."[30]

Jasinki promised that if he was elected, he would present, "a complete change," while arguing that Kernan would present, "four more years of the same government."[30]

Jasinki opposed further privatizing city services, while Kernan did not take a firm stance on the issue.[30]

Kernan won the primary with 51% of the vote.[31]

Republican primary

Carl Baxmeyer, a city planner,[32] won the Republican nomination, defeating opponents Mike Waite and William C.A. Rose Jr.[29] [33] [34] Waite was businessman who had never held public office,[34] and had been original opponent of the stadium.[29] Waite had informally withdrawn from the race after his ex-wife was murdered.[34]

General election

Arguably the most recent truly competitive general election in South Bend mayoral history,[3] and arguably the only truly competitive South Bend mayoral general election since 1967 (when a Republican, Lloyd M. Allen, was last elected),[3] the election saw Kernan defeat Baxmeyer by a mere 2,000 vote margin.[3] This has been attributed to the Democratic party having been left fractured after a bitter Democratic mayoral primary.[3]

Baxmeyer made a campaign issue out of city attorney Rich Hill, criticizing the city's decision to hire him, "on a part-time basis at almost twice his former salary".[35] Incumbent mayor Roger Parent disputed Baxmeyer's criticisms, arguing that it made sense to hire Hill due to the fact that he was already caught up on important issues including the city's stadium efforts.[35]

The South Bend Tribune endorsed Kernan, citing his "extensive experience in private business and public service".[36] FOP #36, the city's police union, endorsed Baxmeyer.[37]

Results

1991

Election Name:1991 South Bend mayoral election
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Year:1987
Next Year:1995
Election Date:November 5, 1991
Nominee1:Joe Kernan
Party1:Democratic Party (United States)
Popular Vote1:16,134
Percentage1:76.49%
Nominee2:Sylvia Shelton
Party2:Republican Party (United States)
Popular Vote2:4,958
Percentage2:23.51%
Mayor
Before Election:Joe Kernan
Before Party:Democratic Party (United States)
After Election:Joe Kernan
After Party:Democratic Party (United States)

The 1991 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election was held on November 5, 1991. Incumbent Democratic mayor Joe Kernan was reelected to a second term, defeating Republican challenger Sylvia Shelton.[38]

Shelton would have been the first woman to be elected mayor of South Bend had she won the election., no woman has been elected mayor of South Bend.[13]

Turnout was considered to be light, which the South Bend Tribune attributed to cold weather on the day of the election.

1995

Election Name:1995 South Bend mayoral election
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Year:1991
Next Year:1999
Election Date:November 7, 1995
Nominee1:Joe Kernan
Party1:Democratic Party (United States)
Popular Vote1:14,309
Percentage1:82.17%
Nominee2:Mike Waite
Party2:Republican Party (United States)
Popular Vote2:3,106
Percentage2:17.84%
Mayor
Before Election:Joe Kernan
Before Party:Democratic Party (United States)
After Election:Joe Kernan
After Party:Democratic Party (United States)

The 1995 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election was held on November 7, 1995. Incumbent Democratic mayor Joe Kernan was reelected to a third term, defeating Republican challenger Michael C. "Mike" Waite. Kernan won a record share of the vote for a South Bend mayoral election.

In winning this election, Kernan became the first South Bend mayor since 1905 to win a third term.[39] [40] It also made Kernan poised to break the record, at the time, for longest-serving mayor of South Bend.[39]

Primaries

Democratic primary

Joe Kernan won renomination.

Republican primary

Waite, a businessman who had previously been an unsuccessful candidate in the 1987 South Bend Republican mayoral primary[41] [40] [34] and had never before held public office,[34] won a Republican primary that also featured Larry M. Scott and James W. Philson.[42] [43] Waite was president of High Tech Alarm Corporation Inc.[34] He had also previously been involved in third party politics in 1994.[40]

General election

Republican Mike Waite encountered several stumbling blocks during his candidacy, including an arrest shortly after the primary election for unpaid bills and a lawsuit for backpay on delinquent child support.[41] [34] [44] Much of the campaign season would center on these controversies.[44] Waite claimed his arrest was politically motivated and orchestrated by Kernan and the St. Joseph County sheriff, with Kernan denying this accusation.[44]

Ultimately, while Waite remained their nominee, the Republican Party withdrew their backing of his candidacy.[41]

Kernan had attracted respect as mayor for his ability to attract economic development to the community.[45]

Kernan campaigned as an opponent of further privatization in South Bend.[41] Kernan did not oppose all and any privatization, but was, rather, an opponent of what he called the, "wholesale auction of the city's assets".[41] South Bend Republicans had been proponents of further privatization.[41]

Waite criticized Kernan on the issue of crime, accusing him of both ignoring and denying the issue.[41] [44] Kernan argued that he had taken measures to address crime, such as increasing the size of the city's police force by 34 officers since 1991.[44] [45] Kernan also claimed that the rate of violent crime had decreased 19% since the previous year.[44] [45] Kernan, however, conceded that crime was, "the most significant challenge we face in the community".[45] Indicative of the issue of crime, the city had already seen a record murder total in 1995 by the time of the election.[45] Waite's proposals to address crime included spending more funds on the police department, restructuring the police department, and increasing the number of police officers.[34] He argued that this could be accomplished without increasing taxes.[34]

Another issue was a proposed minor league ice hockey arena in South Bend.[41] [44] The city had been approached by an interested minor league ice hockey franchise, and Kernan was open to the idea, and was working to create a committee to weigh the cost and benefits of such a venture.[44] [45] Waite opposed the creation of a South Bend hockey franchise, arguing that stadium financing would take away funding better spent on other needs.[34] [44] Waite also criticized the scheme, arguing that it was problematic that such a new arena would create competition with the region's existing venues such as the Edmund P. Joyce Center.[34] Waite also argued, "If people want to watch hockey they can go see the Notre Dame hockey team."[34]

Another issue debated was the financing for the College Football Hall of Fame, with Waite criticizing the lack of transparency behind its financing and contracts.[44] He characterized it to be a tax burden on the city.[46] At the time, attracting the College Football Hall of Fame to South Bend had been considered one of Kernan's successes as mayor.[45]

Another issue debated was the Blackthorn development, which would see a privately managed golf course surrounded by office developments.[45] Waite opposed this project, while Kernan supported it, arguing that it had added 3,000 jobs and $25 million in investment to the city.[45] Kernan declared, "When Waite says he opposes Blackthorn, he is saying he opposes jobs in the community".[45]

Waite criticized Kernan for being allegedly indifferent towards the proposed establishment of an adult bookstore on South Main Street saying, "Mayor Joe Kernan would rather subsidize porno book than school books."[41]

Kernan supported a measure to implement an option tax, arguing that it would provide property tax relief and enable capital improvements.[44] [45] Waite stood in opposition to any new taxes.[44]

Waite argued that the city needed more higher paying jobs, and that it was an issue that South Bend had more service sector employees than manufacturing sector, a reality which Waite accredited to planning choices the South Bend city government had made.[34]

Waite lodged allegations of wrongful actions by Kernan.[39]

A debate was held between Kernan and Waite shortly before of the election.[40]

Speculation had arisen that Kernan would be a prospective nominee for lieutenant governor in the 1996 Indiana gubernatorial election.[45] Kernan denied having any such aspirations at the time,[45] however, he would ultimately be the lieutenant gubernatorial nominee the following year and was elected as such.

Result

At the time, the voter turnout was considered to be relatively low, with the turnout equating to roughly 20% of the city's overall populace.[39]

Kernan's more than 82% of the vote set a record for South Bend mayoral elections.[47]

Kernan became the first South Bend mayor since 1905 to be elected to a third term.[39]

The election made Kernan poised to become the city's longest-serving mayor at the time.[39]

1999

Election Name:1999 South Bend mayoral election
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Year:1995
Next Year:2003
Election Date:November 2, 1999
Turnout:31%
Nominee1:Steve Luecke
Party1:Democratic Party (United States)
Popular Vote1:13,678
Percentage1:68.39%
Nominee2:Steven Bradley
Party2:Republican Party (United States)
Popular Vote2:6,321
Percentage2:31.61%
Mayor
Before Election:Steve Luecke
Before Party:Democratic Party (United States)
After Election:Steve Luecke
After Party:Democratic Party (United States)

The 1999 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election was held on November 2, 1999. Incumbent Democratic mayor Steve Luecke, who had become mayor after his predecessor Joe Kernan became Lieutenant Governor of Indiana, was reelected to a first full-term (and second overall term).

Luecke faced Republican challenger Steven Bradley.[48]

Nominations

Democratic primary

During the Democratic primary election, Luecke was challenged by Portage Township Assessor John Voorde as well as Kevin C. Horton and Zbigniew "Ziggy" Borowski.[49]

Voorde arose as the most significant challenger to Luecke.[49] Voorde was the son of past mayor Edward F. Voorde,[50] [51] who had served from 1956 until his death in office in 1960.[50]

By April, polls reportedly showed Luecke with a double-digit lead over Voorde.[49]

Republican primary

Steve Bradley defeated Melvin Townsend in the Republican primary.[49]

General election

During the election campaign, Bradley criticized Luecke's record on public safety.[48] Bradley used FBI statistics to claim that New York City was safer than South Bend in regards to violent crime.[48] However, Luecke accused Bradley of distorting statistics, accusing Bradley of being "incorrigible" and using a Richard Nixon-style campaign tactic of distributing falsehoods.[48]

Bradley criticized Luecke for taking what he argued was too long to appoint a new police chief after South Bend's previous police chief resigned after being charged with a DUI, stating, It's time for the mayor to act like a mayor and show some leadership," and declaring that the South Bend Police Department had been left "rudderless".[52]

Bradley proposed a business incentive development plan.[52]

Bradley placed emphasis on the city's loss of 1,000 jobs at AMGeneral and South Bend Stamping.[52]

Bradley attacked Luecke for having been a conscientious objector during the Vietnam War.

Bradley ran a billboard which read "My girlfriend said it's either her or south bend. My girlfriend is gone. For me it's South Bend". This billboard was speculated to be one of the reasons Bradley would be shown to poll poorly among women voters.

Ahead of the election, polls showed Luecke to be in the lead.[48] A poll conducted October 13–15 by Howey Political Report found Luecke leading 51 to 32 (with 17% of respondents being "undecided") with a +/-5.2 margin.[49] [53] A similarly timed South Bend Tribune poll found Luecke to have a 14-point lead.[53] Additionally, South Bend was considered to be a strongly Democratic city.[48] A Republican had not been elected mayor of the city since Loyd Allen his second term in 1967.[54] [55]

Turnout in the election was 31%.[56]

2003

Election Name:2003 South Bend mayoral election
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Year:1999
Next Year:2007
Election Date:November 4, 2003
Nominee1:Steve Luecke
Party1:Democratic Party (United States)
Popular Vote1:10,598
Percentage1:71.68%
Nominee2:Thomas R. Schmidt
Party2:Republican Party (United States)
Popular Vote2:4,188
Percentage2:28.32%
Mayor
Before Election:Steve Luecke
Before Party:Democratic Party (United States)
After Election:Steve Luecke
After Party:Democratic Party (United States)

The 2003 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election was held on November 4, 2003. Incumbent Democratic mayor Steve Luecke was reelected to a second full-term (and third overall term).

Nominations

Democratic primary

Incumbent mayor Steve Luecke was unchallenged in the Democratic Party's primary election.[57] Originally attempting to challenge Leucke for the nomination was 1995 Republican mayoral nominee (and failed 1987 South Bend Republican mayoral primary candidate) Michael C. "Mike" Waite.[58]

Republican primary

After a long search to try and find a candidate, hours before the deadline for a candidate to register, St. Joseph County Republican chairman Matt Lentsch announced Thomas Schmidt as a candidate/presumptive nominee.[58] Thomas R. Schmidt was unchallenged in the Republican primary.[57]

General election

Luecke was heavily favored to win the election.[59]

2003 wound up being a good year for Democrats in Indiana's mayoral elections, with the party winning control of the mayoralties of all of the state's top seven most populous cities for the first time since 1959.[60] The Democratic Party also won control of the mayoralties in twenty of the state's thirty cities with populations above 25,000.[60] Additionally, in 2003, Democrats won more than 56% of partisan mayoral races in Indiana.[61]

During the general election, St. Joseph County, where South Bend is located, saw voter turnout of 15% in its various elections.[62]

2007

Election Name:2007 South Bend mayoral election
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Year:2003
Next Year:2011
Election Date:November 6, 2007
Nominee1:Steve Luecke
Party1:Democratic Party (United States)
Popular Vote1:12,355
Percentage1:62.14%
Nominee2:Juan A. Manigault
Party2:Republican Party (United States)
Popular Vote2:7,471
Percentage2:37.57%
Mayor
Before Election:Steve Luecke
Before Party:Democratic Party (United States)
After Election:Steve Luecke
After Party:Democratic Party (United States)

The 2007 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election was held on November 6, 2007. Incumbent Democratic mayor Steve Luecke was reelected to a third full-term (and fourth overall term).

Nominations

During the primary elections, St. Joseph County, where South Bend is located, saw voter turnout of 10% in its various primary elections.[63]

Democratic primary

Incumbent mayor Steve Luecke defeated challenger William F. "Bill" Davis in the Democratic primary.[64] Davis was widely-unknown.[65] Davis' primary past political endeavor was an unsuccessful 1994 campaign for a seat on the South Bend School Board.[64] Davis stated that his primary concerns were the corrosion of the city's neighborhoods and the decline of its tax base.[64]

Republican primary

For the first time since 1999, the Republican primary for mayor was a contested one.[66]

The primary was won by Juan A. Manigualt, the President and CEO of Workforce Development.[67] He defeated Terry S. Miller, who was a business owner that had served on the South Bend Common Council from 1972 until 1979.[67] Miller had also been a member of the Century Center Board of Managers, serving as its president from 1981 until 1982.[67] Miller had more recently served as a lobbyist and public policy director for the St. Joseph County Chamber of Commerce.[68] [69]

In his primary race Manigault raised $30,000 in funds.[65]

Manigualt was endorsed in the primary by Fraternal Order of Police Post 36.[70]

The primary race was projected as a "tossup".[70]

General election

South Bend was a heavily Democratic city. No Republican had been elected mayor of South Bend since Lloyd Allen was reelected in 1967.[3]

The South Bend Tribune endorsed incumbent mayor Luecke.[71] Manigault boasted several endorsements,[72] among them was the endorsement of Fraternal Order of Police Post 36,[73] [74] [75] American Family Association Indiana,[76] Indiana Family Action,[76] and Citizens for Community Values Indiana.[77]

Manigault resigned from his position as head of Workforce Development to focus on his candidacy.

There was some hope among Republicans that Manigault, a Hispanic man, may be able to attract Hispanic voters to his candidacy.[65] Being Hispanic, if Manigault was elected mayor, he would have been the first ethnic minority to be elected to a full-time executive office in St. Joseph County. No ethnic minority would be elected to a full-time executive office in St. Joseph County until the 2015 South Bend City Clerk election was won by Kareemah Fowler.[78]

Manigault made the issue of economic development central to his candidacy.[68] In his vision for development in South Bend, Manigault stated that he wanted to see, "strong emphasis on private investment."[79] Manigault took issue with Luecke's interim economic development director Jeff Ginbey, arguing that his continuing role as president of the South Bend Heritage Foundation presented conflict of interest.[68] Mangault also criticized the size of the city's economic planning and development department, proclaiming it to be much larger than the comparably sized city of Fort Wayne, yet arguably not significantly more successful than Fort Wayne's department.[65]

Luecke criticized Manigault for record keeping issues from his tenure as the head of Workforce Development.[80] The state had previously audited the firm and found missing funds.[65]

Luecke claimed that crime had decreased 24 percent during his tenure as mayor.[80] Manigualt criticized Luecke on the issue of crime, arguing that it was unacceptable that the city remained above the national average for crime.[80]

Manigault argued that South Bend had lost jobs and companies to nearby Mishawaka, citing WSBT-TV, Schurz Communications (the parent company of the South Bend Tribune), St. Joseph Regional Medical Center, and Northwest Mutual Life as examples.[65] Luecke countered this, saying, "South Bend and Mishawaka are all part of a regional economy. Yeah, a couple of companies have moved out, but many more have moved in."[65] Luecke cited the recent relocation of Odyssean Technology from Mishawaka to South Bend as an example of companies moving to the city.[65]

Luecke cited $1.3 billion in investments made in the city during his tenure.[65] He also argued that downtown South Bend was experiencing growth.[65]

Luecke had over the years envisioned South Bend as a regional center for arts and culture, taking actions which had generated a growth in the offerings of entertainment and dining in the city's downtown.[81] Two studies that were recent at the time of the election had demonstrated that these efforts by Luecke were allowing the city to enjoy millions in economic spending.[81] For instance, a study by Saint Mary's College showed that the city-owned Morris Performing Arts Center would generate a $5.9 annual indirect economic impact, excluding its own ticket sales.[81]

Luecke envisioned a need for South Bend to capitalize on what he argued were its greatest strengths, its location and its proximity to Chicago.[65] He argued at future in "advanced logistics" declaring that, "We're in a great location for warehousing and distribution."[65]

A debate was held at Indiana University South Bend.[82]

A late-September poll by Research 2000 showed Luecke polling at 42% favorable and 35% unfavorable among residents, with 23% undecided in their opinions on him.[81] For Manigault these numbers were 36% favorable, 21% unfavorable, and 43% undecided.[81]

In October, a Republican mailer generated controversy during the election.[83] [84] [85] The mailer featured a card with an image tombstone surrounded by a desolate landscape, with an epitaph reading, "RIP. Here lies South Bend, a once vibrant city now abandoned by business, overrun by violent crime and driving people from their family homes because of high property taxes."[84] On the reverse, the card accused Luecke of having "neglected our city and allowed it to die".[84] Luecke stated that he had heard from many residents upset with these mailers.[84] Manigault, while claiming he had nothing to do with sending these mailers, defended them, declaring that they were not demonstrative of 'negative campaigning' because, "This is the truth. This is where thecity is headed. This is what the city has become."[84]

By October 12 Luecke had raised $253,939 and Manigault had raised $152,913 in funds.[86]

Manigault's campaign had presented enough of a challenge to Luecke that the state Democratic party allotted additional funds to Luecke's campaign in the autumn.[87]

Luecke was initially seen as having very strong odds of reelection.[88] However, by August, some experts considered the race as a potential "tossup".[89] Ultimately, however, the race was seen as being in Luecke's favor.[3] [65] [89] [81] [84] [86] [87]

Polls

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered
class=small Sample
size
Margin of
error
Steve
Luecke
Juan
Manigault
OtherUndecided
Research 2000September 26–28400± 5% align=center44%32%1%23%
Research 2000[90] October 25–26400± 5% align=center48%38%2%12%

Results

Luecke won far broader margin-of-victory than many had anticipated he would.[85]

In fifteen other Indiana cities, incumbent mayors had not been so lucky and had lost their general elections, including the upset loss of Indianapolis mayor Bart Peterson to Republican challenger Greg Ballard as well as the incumbents of Terre Haute, Anderson, La Porte, Delphi, West Lafayette, Tell City, Franklin, Madison, Charlestown, Plymouth, Vincennes, Washington, Huntingburg, and Frankfort.[91]

After his predecessor Joe E. Kernan, this election made Luecke only the second South Bend mayor in the previous hundred years to have been elected to a third full term.[92]

During the general election, St. Joseph County, where South Bend is located, saw voter turnout of 15% in its various elections.[93]

2011

See main article: 2011 South Bend mayoral election.

Election Name:2011 South Bend mayoral election
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Year:2007
Next Year:2015
Election Date:November 8, 2011
Turnout:20.29%
Nominee1:Pete Buttigieg
Party1:Democratic Party (United States)
Popular Vote1:10,991
Percentage1:73.85%
Nominee2:Norris W. Curry Jr
Party2:Republican Party (United States)
Popular Vote2:2,884
Percentage2:19.38%
Nominee3:Patrick M. Farrell
Party3:Libertarian Party (United States)
Popular Vote3:1,008
Percentage3:6.77%
Mayor
Before Election:Steve Luecke
Before Party:Democratic Party (United States)
After Election:Pete Buttigieg
After Party:Democratic Party (United States)

The 2011 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election was held on November 8, 2011.[94]

After serving for fourteen years, incumbent Democratic mayor Steve Luecke made the surprise announcement that he would not seek reelection. Luecke's decision not to run for reelection made the 2011 election the first open election for mayor of South Bend in 24 years.[95] [96]

The election was won by Democratic nominee Pete Buttigieg, who, at 29 years of age, became the youngest mayor, at the time, of a United States city with a population greater than 100,000.[97] [98] [99]

Democratic primary

Democratic primary election candidates included failed 2010 Indiana State treasurer candidate Pete Buttigieg, state representative Ryan Dvorak, high school teacher and St. Joseph Councilman Michael Hamann, reverend and former Clinton administration staffer Barrett Berry, and attorney Felipe Merino.[100] [101] [102] [103] [104]

Republican primary

By April, Norris W. Curry, also known as Wayne Curry,[105] had already established himself as the broad frontrunner in the Republican primary.[106] [107] Curry, a carpenter and construction contractor,[108] had won the support of the local Republican establishment ahead of the primary.[109] Curry also was considered the best-known individual among those contending for the Republican nomination, and was also the most visible campaigner.[110] Curry had previously run unsuccessfully for an at-large city council seat in 2007, as well as a county council seat in 2008.[110] Curry had some experience in government and community projects, including having served as chairman for the Economic Development Panel of South Bend's City Plan process from 2003 through 2006.[110] [108] He had also served as treasurer for both the Community Oriented Policing Leadership Council and the North East Neighborhood Council.[110]

Also running in the Republican primary was William F. "Bill" Davis, a self-proclaimed "independent" who had challenged mayor Luecke for the Democratic nomination in the previous election.[110] [104] He had also run for other offices in the past, with his most recent campaign having been a 2008 St. Joseph County Commissioner's election in which he had received 40% of the vote.[110] Davis was described by local reporter Ralph Heibutzki as the "least conventional" candidate in either party's primary.[110] He received media attention for his troublesome history, which included periods in which he had stayed in prisons and in mental hospitals.[110] Davis argued that his history was less relevant than the platform on which he was running.[110]

Additionally running was Wilson R. Taylor II, also known as Will Taylor.[110] [104] Taylor's career was as a real estate investor who flipped properties.[110]

Libertarian nomination

The Libertarian Party nominated Patrick M. Farrell.

General election

2015

See main article: 2015 South Bend mayoral election.

Election Name:2015 South Bend mayoral election
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Year:2011
Next Year:2019
Election Date:November 3, 2015
Turnout:14.1%
Nominee1:Pete Buttigieg
Party1:Democratic Party (United States)
Popular Vote1:8,515
Percentage1:80.41%
Nominee2:Kelly Jones
Party2:Republican Party (United States)
Popular Vote2:2,074
Percentage2:19.59%
Mayor
Before Election:Pete Buttigieg
Before Party:Democratic Party (United States)
After Election:Pete Buttigieg
After Party:Democratic Party (United States)

The 2015 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election was held on November 3, 2015. The election was won by incumbent Democrat Pete Buttigieg, who was reelected with more than 80 percent of the votes, defeating Republican Kelly Jones.[111]

Primaries

Democratic primary

Incumbent mayor Pete Buttigieg was challenged by outgoing 2nd district South Bend Common Council member Henry Davis.[112]

Republican primary

Kelly Jones was unopposed in the Republican primary.[113] [114]

Jones was a jewelry maker who had previously run unsuccessfully for a school board seat.[112] [115] She had first considered running for mayor as a Democrat before running as a Republican.[115] Jones was politically little-known when she launched her candidacy,[116] and would subsequently fail to gain much notability during her candidacy.[117]

Republicans had unsuccessfully sought to recruit a more serious challenger to Buttigieg.[54]

General election

2019

See main article: 2019 South Bend mayoral election.

Election Name:2019 South Bend mayoral election
Flag Image:Flag of South Bend, Indiana.svg
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Year:2015
Next Year:2023
Election Date:November 5, 2019
Turnout:15%
Nominee1:James Mueller
Party1:Democratic Party (United States)
Popular Vote1:9,437
Percentage1:63.41%
Nominee2:Sean M. Haas
Party2:Republican Party (United States)
Popular Vote2:5,445
Percentage2:36.58%
Mayor
Before Election:Pete Buttigieg
Before Party:Democratic Party (United States)
After Election:James Mueller
After Party:Democratic Party (United States)

The 2019 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election was held on November 5, 2019.

On December 17, 2018, incumbent two-term Democratic mayor Pete Buttigieg announced that he would not seek reelection to a third term.[118] Speculation arose that Buttigieg was considering a run for President of the United States,[119] [120] [121] [122] and Buttigieg would later announce his 2020 presidential campaign. The general election race to succeed Buttigieg as mayor was between Democratic nominee James Mueller and Republican nominee Sean M. Haas.[123] Mueller won the election by nearly 4,000 votes.

Primaries

The primary elections were held May 7.[124]

Democratic primary

In February, Buttigieg endorsed candidate James Mueller as his preferred successor.[125] Mueller largely ran a campaign promising to continue the progress made under Buttigieg's mayoralty.[126] Buttigieg appeared in campaign ads for Mueller and even donated to Mueller's campaign.[127] Mueller, a first-time candidate for public office, ultimately won a solid victory in a crowded primary field.[128] Prior to launching his campaign Mueller lacked name recognition.[129] The Democratic primary was competitive.[130]

Candidates
Withdrawn
Declined to run
Results

Republican primary

Sean M. Haas ran unopposed for the Republican nomination.[124]

General election

2023

Election Name:2023 South Bend mayoral election
Flag Image:Flag of South Bend, Indiana.svg
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Year:2019
Next Year:2027
Election Date:November 7, 2023
Nominee1:James Mueller
Party1:Democratic Party (United States)
Popular Vote1:7,877
Percentage1:72.83%
Nominee2:Desmont Upchurch
Party2:Republican Party (United States)
Popular Vote2:2,938
Percentage2:27.17%
Mayor
Before Election:James Mueller
Before Party:Democratic Party (United States)
After Election:James Mueller
After Party:Democratic Party (United States)

The 2023 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election was held on November 7, 2023. It saw the reelection of Democrat James Mueller.

Primary elections were held on May 2, 2023.[143]

On November 7, 2023, Muller was reelected mayor with over 70 percent of the vote.[144]

Democratic primary

Declared candidates

Republican primary

Declared candidates

General election

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Fosmoe . Margaret . South Bend 150 history timeline . South Bend Tribune . August 23, 2021 . May 17, 2015.
  2. Web site: This week in Hoosier History, June 4 – 10 – Hamilton County Reporter . readthereporter.com . Hamilton County Reporter . August 23, 2021 . June 4, 2017.
  3. 2007 Mayoral . Howey Political Report . September 27, 2007 . 14 . 7 . September 22, 2019.
  4. Web site: Colwell . Jack . Colwell: Lloyd Allen was South Bend's monument in asphalt . South Bend Tribune . September 23, 2019 . July 12, 2015.
  5. News: Republican Gain Council Control, 7-1 . Carroll . James . The South Bend Tribune . November 6, 1963 . 2021-04-27. Newspapers.com. en.
  6. News: HATCHER, ALLEN WIN IN GARY, SB . . September 23, 2019 . November 9, 1967.
  7. News: Allen Coasts in By 10,500 . The South Bend Tribune . November 8, 1967 . 2021-04-27. Newspapers.com. en.
  8. Web site: Parrott . Jeff . James Mueller elected South Bend's next mayor, succeeding friend and ex-boss Pete Buttigieg . South Bend Tribune . November 6, 2019 . November 5, 2019.
  9. Book: Owen . James . York . Wilbern . Governing Metropolitan Indianapolis: The Politics of Unigov . University of California Press . 189–191.
  10. Web site: Richard Nixon Presidential Library Contested Materials Collection Folder List . Richard M. Nixon Presidential Library . September 23, 2019.
  11. Web site: Richard Nixon Presidential Library Contested Materials Collection Folder List . Richard M. Nixon Presidential Library . September 23, 2019.
  12. Web site: Heidorn . Nicolas . America's First Councilwomen (Sacramento was First) . Sacramentality . September 23, 2019 . March 18, 2018.
  13. Web site: A Look Back: A mayoral mix . South Bend Tribune . September 23, 2019 . June 22, 2015.
  14. News: GOP Incumbents Tumble in Democratic Landslide . Colwell . Jack . The South Bend Tribune . November 3, 1971 . 2021-04-27. Newspapers.com. en.
  15. Web site: Delaney . Paul . Mayor Hatcher Renominated in Gary . New York Times . September 24, 2019 . May 7, 1975.
  16. Web site: Reimer . Don . Byrne . Kathy . Nemeth and Prickett win in local mayoral races . . September 24, 2019 . November 5, 1975.
  17. News: Decline of 14,000 recorded since '75 Voter total plunges again . Newspapers.com . South Bend Tribune . July 19, 2021 . en . subscription . April 20, 1979.
  18. Web site: George Williams Jr., South Bend mayoral candidate, 1975 . digital.library.in.gov . November 12, 2020.
  19. Web site: George Williams Jr., reaction to mayoral candidacy, 1975 – 1 . digital.library.in.gov . November 12, 2020.
  20. Web site: Parrott . Jeff . Regina Williams-Preston wants equity, development for neighborhoods as South Bend mayor . South Bend Tribune . November 12, 2020 . en . April 13, 2019.
  21. News: Sulok . Nancy . Late mayor's son draws most of any with opposition/ Voorde name still a vote-getter . Newspapers.com . The South Bend Tribune . July 19, 2021 . en . subscription . May 9, 1979.
  22. News: Colwell . Jack. Pole position pays for Parent . Newspapers.com . The South Bend Tribune . July 19, 2021 . en . subscription . May 9, 1979.
  23. News: Kovas . Marchmonth . Maine, Thailand... His credentials out of ordinary . Newspapers.com . The South Bend Tribune . July 19, 2021 . en . subscription . 7 Nov 1979.
  24. News: Colwell . Jack . Election day waters calm early . Newspapers.com . The South Bend Tribune . July 19, 2021 . en . subscription . May 3, 1983.
  25. News: Colwell . Jack . Parent win tops '79 show . Newspapers.com . The South Bend Tribune . July 19, 2021 . en . subscription . 9 Nov 1983.
  26. News: Colwell . Jack . Victorious Parent tops '79 record . Newspapers.com . The South Bend Tribune . July 19, 2021 . en . subscription . 9 Nov 1983.
  27. News: Colw . Jack . Goodhew denies 'delay tactics' . Newspapers.com . The South Bend Tribune . July 19, 2021 . en . subscription . October 7, 1983.
  28. Web site: Chval . Craig . MONOGRAM CLUB CORNER – JOE KERNAN . Notre Dame University . September 24, 2019 . September 24, 2010.
  29. Web site: Baines . Don . CLASS A CONTROVERSY . . September 22, 2019 . July 26, 1987.
  30. News: Teamsters group criticizes Kernan . Newspapers.com . The South Bend Tribune . en . subscription . April 5, 1987.
  31. Web site: Joseph Kernan Honored Warrior/Civic Leader . Indiana Business Journal . October 31, 2019.
  32. News: Bednarski . Chtis . Coccia . Regis . ND grad is elected mayor of South Bend . . November 4, 1987.
  33. News: South Bend Candidates . Newspapers.com . The South Bend Tribune . en . subscription . May 3, 1987.
  34. News: Heisler . Jamie . Incumbent runs criticizes incumbent . The Observer . September 22, 2019 . October 6, 1995.
  35. Web site: Larsen . Jonathan . Documents: Police Used Buttigieg Donors to Get Him to Fire Black Chief . . September 22, 2019 . September 16, 2019.
  36. News: Choosing a Mayor . Newspapers.com . The South Bend Tribune . January 7, 2021 . en . subscription . 1 Nov 1987.
  37. News: advertisement . Newspapers.com . The South Bend Tribune . en . subscription . October 31, 1987.
  38. Web site: Indiana Elections 1991. Voters boot mayors in Muncie . Northwest Indiana Times . September 11, 2019 . November 6, 1991.
  39. News: Heisler . Jamie . Kernan victorious in mayoral election . . September 22, 2019 . November 8, 1995.
  40. News: Colwell . Jack . Waite shows his mettle in mayor debate . Newspapers.com . South Bend Tribune . subscription . 13 November 2022 . en . November 5, 1995.
  41. News: Heisler . Jamie . 27410599 . Candidates make last day push . The Observer . November 7, 1995 .
  42. Mayors . The Howey Political Report . February 16, 1999 . 1 . 24 . September 13, 2019.
  43. HORSE RACE . The Howey Political Report . February 24, 1999 . 1 . 24 . September 13, 2019.
  44. News: Hayward . Ethan . Heisler . Jamie . Mayoral candidates head down homestretch. The Observer . September 22, 2019 . October 6, 1995.
  45. News: Hayward . Ethan . Kernan seeks third term . The Observer . September 22, 2019 . October 6, 1995.
  46. Joe Kernan ready to match record in South Bend to Goldsmith's Indy . The Howey Political Report . June 5, 1996 . 2 . 34 . November 4, 2019.
  47. Web site: Joseph Kernan Honored Warrior/Civic Leader . Indiana Business Journal . October 31, 2019.
  48. News: Smith . Mike . Mayoral races dominate many Hoosier decisions . September 10, 2019 . Anderson Herald Bulletin . Associated Press . October 31, 1999.
  49. Indiana Racing Form INDIANA MAYORAL RACES 1999 . The Howey Political Report . April 15, 1999 . 5 . 30 . September 13, 2019.
  50. Web site: Behind the Name: A local political legacy . South Bend Tribune . September 24, 2019 . November 9, 2015.
  51. News: Bell . Kyle W. . Voorde Announces Bid for South Bend Common Council, Endorses Fowler for City Clerk . September 24, 2019 . South Bend Voice . December 16, 2014.
  52. Indiana Racing Form INDIANA MAYORAL RACES 1999 . The Howey Political Report . July 22, 1999 . 5 . 41 . November 21, 2019.
  53. Leucke's lead is big . The Howey Political Report . October 21, 1999 . 6 . 10 . September 13, 2019.
  54. Web site: Cowell . Jack . Jack Colwell: Sizing up South Bend, Mishawaka mayoral races . Howey Politics . September 8, 2019 . December 4, 2014.
  55. Jack . Colwell . 2 cities, 2 mayor trends . Howey Politics Indiana . September 1, 2011 . 17 . 4 . September 15, 2019.
  56. Web site: INDIANA MAYORAL ELECTIONS 1999 SOUTH BEND . www.in.gov . Indiana Secretary of State . October 12, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090618150348/http://www.in.gov/sos/elections/mayoral99/view.jsp%21city%3DSouth+Bend%26bycounty%3DGo.html . June 18, 2009 . live .
  57. Web site: Gary, E. Chicago mayors survive primary . . The Laporte County Herald Argus . September 24, 2019 . May 7, 2003.
  58. Indiana 2003 Racing Form Indiana 2003 Mayoral Races . The Howey Political Report . February 27, 2003 . 9 . 26 . September 10, 2019.
  59. Web site: Area mayoral races mirror each other again . . Associated Press. KPC News . September 24, 2019.
  60. Democrats control top 7 Hoosier cities . Howey . Brian A. . The Howey Political Report . November 5, 2003 . 10 . 14 . December 11, 2019.
  61. Web site: Marschall . Melissa . Lappie . John . Mayoral Elections in Indiana 2003–2015 . Rice Kinder Institute for Urban Research . May 5, 2020 . May 2016.
  62. Web site: General Election Turnout and Registration . www.in.gov . Indiana Secretary of State .
  63. Web site: Parrott . Jeff . Pete Buttigieg rolls to victory in South Bend mayoral primary . South Bend Tribune . September 8, 2019 . May 6, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190830063635/https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/pete-buttigieg-rolls-to-victory-in-south-bend-mayoral-primary/article_3f34cadb-633a-5e15-878f-bd09fd6d2b4e.html . August 30, 2019 . live .
  64. Web site: Bill Davis Announces Mayoral Plans . www.wndu.com . WNDU-TV . May 1, 2020 . en . December 20, 2006.
  65. Howey . Brian A. . Juan Manigault: GOP's best hope? . Howey Political Report . June 14, 2007 . 13 . 40 . September 22, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170224093012/http://www.in.gov/library/files/HPR1340.pdf.pdf . February 24, 2017 . live .
  66. Web site: Peterson . Mark . Two's A Crowd In Mayor's Race . www.wndu.com . WNDU-TV . May 1, 2020 . en.
  67. Web site: 4 vying to be South Bend mayor . . September 9, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110913003924/http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2007-05-01/news/26792001_1_tax-base-mayoral-race-property-taxes . September 13, 2011 . May 1, 2007.
  68. Web site: Manigault Files for South Bend Mayoral Bid . . September 22, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190922030451/https://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/5807546.html . September 22, 2019 . live .
  69. Web site: Terry Miller Will Announce His Mayoral Bid for South Bend . www.wndu.com . WNDU-TV . May 1, 2020 . en.
  70. 2007 Mayoral . Howey Political Report . August 23, 2007 . 14 . 3 . September 22, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170215045322/http://www.in.gov/library/files/HPR1403.pdf.pdf . February 15, 2017 . live .
  71. Web site: South Bend Tribune. November 4, 2007. South Bend Tribune.
  72. Web site: South Bend Tribune. July 21, 2007. South Bend Tribune.
  73. Web site: Closing Statement of Juan A. Manigault . Vote Manigualt . https://web.archive.org/web/20080827163415/http://www.votemanigault.com/ . August 27, 2008.
  74. Web site: Peterson . Mark . South Bend FOP endorses Manigault . . September 21, 2019 . August 14, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190921035016/https://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/9135011.html . September 21, 2019 . live .
  75. Web site: Chief, FOP rift deepens . Fraternal Order of Police . September 21, 2019 . November 13, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190610073216/https://fop.net/NewsArticle.aspx?news_article_id=602 . June 10, 2019 . live .
  76. Web site: South Bend Tribune. Wensits. James. November 4, 2007. South Bend Tribune.
  77. Web site: CCV IPAC ENDORSEMENTS . September 22, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150813211124/http://ccvipac.com/ccv-ipac-endorsements.html . August 13, 2015 . live .
  78. Web site: Swiercz . Greg . South Bend City Clerk Kareemah Fowler to become chief financial officer for South Bend schools . South Bend Tribune . September 17, 2019 . July 16, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190923184436/https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/education/south-bend-city-clerk-kareemah-fowler-to-become-chief-financial/article_be961e97-6838-54e1-8799-8c1261b51baa.html . September 23, 2019 . live .
  79. Web site: Riely . Kaitlynn . City elections involve student issues . . September 21, 2019 . October 12, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190921035646/https://ndsmcobserver.com/2007/10/city-elections-involve-student-issues/ . September 21, 2019 . live .
  80. Web site: Logan . Erin . Questions for South Bend mayoral candidates . WNDU-TV . September 22, 2019 . October 30, 2007.
  81. 2007 Mayoral . Howey Political Report . October 4, 2007 . 14 . 8 . September 22, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170208113302/http://www.in.gov/library/files/HPR1408.pdf.pdf . February 8, 2017 . live .
  82. Web site: Logan . Erin . South Bend mayoral candidates debate . WNDU-TV . September 22, 2019 . October 23, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190922060247/https://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/10755861.html . September 22, 2019 . live .
  83. Web site: Republican mailing stirs controversy in South Bend . Indianapolis Business Journal . September 21, 2019 . October 17, 2007.
  84. 2007 Mayoral . Howey Political Report . October 18, 2007 . 14 . 10 . September 22, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170215045424/http://www.in.gov/library/files/HPR1410.pdf.pdf . February 15, 2017 . live .
  85. Luecke rolls in South Bend . Howey Political Report . 7 Nov 2007 . 14 . 14 . September 22, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170215045437/http://www.in.gov/library/files/HPR1414.pdf.pdf . February 15, 2017 . live .
  86. 2007 Mayoral . Howey Political Report . October 25, 2007 . 14 . 11 . September 22, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170224093247/http://www.in.gov/library/files/HPR1411.pdf.pdf . February 24, 2017 . live .
  87. 2007 Mayoral . Howey Political Report . September 13, 2007 . 14 . 5 . September 22, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170208113247/http://www.in.gov/library/files/HPR1405.pdf.pdf . February 8, 2017 . live .
  88. Web site: Howey . Brian . Brian Howey: Revenge of the Ex-Mayors! What the city elections tell us . Terre Haute Tribune-Star . en . May 14, 2007.
  89. 2007 Mayoral . Howey Political Report . September 20, 2007 . 14 . 6 . September 22, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170215045356/http://www.in.gov/library/files/HPR1406.pdf.pdf . February 15, 2017 . live .
  90. 2007 Mayoral . Howey Political Report . 1 Nov 2007 . 14 . 13 . September 22, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170208113339/http://www.in.gov/library/files/HPR1413.pdf.pdf . February 8, 2017 . live .
  91. Howey . Brian A. . Upset City: Ballard's shock wave . Howey Political Report . 7 Nov 2007 . 14 . 14 . September 22, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170215045437/http://www.in.gov/library/files/HPR1414.pdf.pdf . February 15, 2017 . live .
  92. News: Heisler . Jamie . Kernan victorious in mayoral election . . September 22, 2019 . November 8, 1995 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151017031359/http://www.archives.nd.edu/Observer/v27/1995-11-08_v27_052.pdf . October 17, 2015 . live .
  93. Web site: General Election Turnout and Registration . www.in.gov . Indiana Secretary of State . https://web.archive.org/web/20110124164250/http://www.in.gov/sos/elections/2007_Municipal_Election_Turnout.pdf . January 24, 2011.
  94. Web site: Adams . Samuel . 2011 South Bend, Indiana Election . Benton Spirit News . April 9, 2019 . November 3, 2011.
  95. Howey . Brian A. . Big GOP gains shift to city halls . Howey Politics Indiana . November 10, 2011 . 17 . 13 . September 15, 2019.
  96. Web site: Galer . Sarah . Ex-Indiana treasurer candidate wins South Bend mayoral primary . WTHR . April 9, 2019 . May 4, 2011.
  97. Web site: Shoemaker . Thomas . MAYORS ON THE RISE: PETE BUTTIGIEG . Nation Swell . September 9, 2019 . January 13, 2015.
  98. Web site: Wren . Adam . Pete Buttigieg Has His Eye On The Prize . Indianapolis Magazine . September 17, 2019 . December 16, 2018.
  99. Web site: Abigail . Hess . Meet 37-year-old Indiana mayor Pete Buttigieg, who thinks he can become the youngest US president ever . CNBC . April 9, 2019 . March 22, 2019.
  100. Howey . Brian A. . First look at Indiana mayoral races . Howey Politics Indiana . February 24, 2011 . 16 . 25 . September 15, 2019.
  101. News: Parrott . Jeff . Buttigieg Takes Early Lead Filling Campaign Coffers . South Bend Tribune.
  102. Web site: Doherty . Tucker . Pete Buttigieg lost black support between 2 mayoral runs, data shows . Politico . July 21, 2019 . July 8, 2019.
  103. South Bend mayor candidate quits . Howey Politics Indiana . March 3, 2011 . 16 . 26 . September 15, 2019.
  104. Web site: Lewis . Brandon . Four more declare candidacy for South Bend mayoral race . WNDU-TV . September 16, 2019 . February 18, 2011.
  105. News: Doyle . Megan . Candidates compete in city's mayoral race . The Observer . September 24, 2019 . November 7, 2011.
  106. Jack . Colwell . Poll shows Dvorak, Buttigieg in dead heat . Howey Politics Indiana . April 7, 2011 . 16 . 30 . September 15, 2019.
  107. Web site: Colwell . Jack . Jack Colwell: Poll shows Dvorak, Buttigieg dogfight . howeypolitics.com . Howey Politics . April 30, 2020 . April 5, 2011.
  108. News: Parrott . Jeff . Curry undaunted in race . Newspapers.com . The South Bend Tribune . March 14, 2021 . en . subscription . April 17, 2011.
  109. Colwell . Jack . Buttigieg wins an impressive primary . Howey Politics Indiana . May 5, 2011 . 16 . 34 . September 15, 2019.
  110. Web site: Heibutzki . Ralph . Crowded Ballot For SB Mayor's Spot: Race Features Five Democrats, Three Republicans . Benton Spirit News . April 30, 2020 . April 28, 2011.
  111. Web site: Mark . Peterson . South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg wins re-election . WNDU-TV . November 3, 2015 . July 18, 2017.
  112. Web site: Blasko . Erin . Pete Buttigieg and Henry Davis Jr. square off in South Bend mayor's race . South Bend Tribune . May 4, 2019 . April 19, 2015.
  113. Web site: Blasko . Erin . Henry Davis Jr. files to run for South Bend mayor . South Bend Tribune . May 4, 2019 . February 7, 2015.
  114. Web site: South Bend mayoral candidates are in . WSBT-TV . September 17, 2019 . February 6, 2015.
  115. Web site: Coldwell . Jack . Colwell: A difficult climb for GOP mayoral nominee without support, money . South Bend Tribune . May 6, 2019 . October 11, 2015.
  116. Web site: Pete Buttigieg wins re-election for South Bend mayor . WSBT-TV . . September 8, 2019 . November 4, 2015.
  117. Web site: Election Night Favored Incumbent Mayors In Indiana's Big Cities . . September 26, 2019 . November 3, 2015.
  118. Web site: Byrne . Robert . Pete Buttigieg to Step Down as Mayor of South Bend Next Year . Victory Institute . May 23, 2019 . December 17, 2018.
  119. Web site: Brown . Alex . South Bend Mayor Not Seeking Re-Election . Inside Indiana Business . September 8, 2019 . December 17, 2018.
  120. Web site: McKinney . Matt . South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg will not run for re-election, fueling presidential run speculation . The Indy Channel . . September 16, 2019 . December 17, 2018.
  121. Web site: Buttigieg Won't Seek 3rd Term As South Bend Mayor, Fueling 2020 Speculation . WFYI Indianapolis/ Associated Press . September 17, 2019 . December 17, 2018.
  122. Web site: Parrott . Jeff . Amid 2020 Speculation, South Bend Mayor Won't Seek Another Term . Governing/Tribune News Service . September 17, 2019 . December 17, 2018.
  123. Web site: 2019 General Election Candidates . St. Joseph County . September 23, 2019.
  124. Web site: UNOFFICIAL RESULTS PRIMARY ELECTION ST. JOSEPH COUNTY MAY 7, 2019 . May 23, 2019.
  125. Web site: South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg endorses James Mueller as his pick to replace him. WSBT-TV . October 24, 2019 . February 11, 2019.
  126. Web site: Hudson . Melissa . Primary election: James Mueller wins Democratic nomination for South Bend mayor . ABC 57 . . May 23, 2019 . May 7, 2019.
  127. Web site: Becker . Lauren . Slew of Democrats hoping to replace Buttigieg busy fundraising, mobilizing voters . . May 27, 2019 . May 2, 2019.
  128. Web site: Parrott . Jeff . James Mueller rolls to victory in South Bend mayoral primary . South Bend Tribune . May 23, 2019 . May 8, 2019.
  129. Web site: Colwell . Jack . Colwell: Another big victory for Mayor Pete, even though he wasn't on the ballot . South Bend Tribune . May 27, 2019 . May 12, 2019.
  130. Web site: Campaign 2019: James Mueller wins South Bend Democratic mayoral primary . WSBT-TV . June 10, 2019 . May 7, 2019.
  131. Web site: Fosmoe . Margaret . Lynn Coleman announces he will file today for South Bend mayor's race . South Bend Tribune . September 10, 2019 . February 6, 2019.
  132. Web site: Bauer . Caleb . Ten in the running for South Bend mayor's race as filing period ends . South Bend Tribune . May 27, 2019 . February 9, 2019.
  133. Web site: Peterson . Mark . Nine Dems running for South Bend mayor . WNDU . May 24, 2019 . February 8, 2019.
  134. Web site: Parrott . Jeff . Buttigieg record with black South Bend residents under spotlight. 'He's got some work to do.' . South Bend Tribune . September 17, 2019 . April 22, 2019.
  135. Web site: Local Races . WNDU-TV . September 17, 2019.
  136. Web site: Teenage candidate will run for mayor in South Bend . WSBT . September 16, 2019 . January 11, 2019.
  137. Web site: Oberle . Marissa . Salvador Rodriguez dropping out of South Bend mayoral race . ABC 57 . WBND-LD . May 27, 2019 . May 4, 2019.
  138. Web site: Parrott . Jeff . Pete Buttigieg will not seek a third term as South Bend mayor . South Bend Tribune . September 16, 2019 . December 18, 2018.
  139. Web site: Parrott . Jeff . Potential South Bend mayoral candidates debate access to list of precinct chairpersons . South Bend Tribune . September 16, 2019 . February 10, 2017.
  140. Web site: Parrott . Jeff . All confirmed potential South Bend mayoral candidates still mulling race . South Bend Tribune . September 17, 2019 . January 8, 2019.
  141. Web site: Parrott . Jeff . Bauer . Caleb . Here are the potential candidates to run for South Bend mayor . South Bend Tribune . May 27, 2019 . December 18, 2019.
  142. Web site: Peterson . Mark . South Bend mayoral candidates begin to announce their intentions . WNDU-TV . June 1, 2019 . January 11, 2019.
  143. Web site: Smith . Jordan . Filing deadline passes; lots of challengers shake up races for South Bend city offices . South Bend Tribune . 31 March 2023 . February 3, 2023.
  144. Web site: Lumma . Gabbi . 2023-11-07 . James Mueller wins another term as South Bend Mayor . 2023-11-08 . WSBT . en.
  145. Web site: Smith . Jordan . South Bend councilor Henry Davis Jr. plans to challenge incumbent mayor this May . South Bend Tribune . 22 January 2023 . January 20, 2023.
  146. Web site: Smith . Mueller announces reelection bid for South Bend mayor, is first candidate to enter race . South Bend Tribune . 22 January 2023 . November 15, 2022.
  147. Web site: Lee . Tommie . Republican, Democratic candidates filing bids to run for Mayor of South Bend . 95.3 MNC . 22 January 2023 . 20 January 2023.