Maweti–Guarani languages explained

Maweti–Guarani
Region:	Brazil
Familycolor:	American (areal)
Fam1:	Tupian
Protoname:	Proto-Maweti-Guarani
Child1:	Mawé
Child2:	Aweti–Guarani
Child3:	Awetí
Child4:	Tupi–Guarani
Glotto:	mawe1252
Glottoname:	Maweti-Guarani

The Maweti–Guarani languages of Brazil form a branch of the Tupian language family according to Meira and Drude (2015).^[1] The branch was originally proposed by Rodrigues (1984),^[2] and is also accepted by Jolkesky (2016).^[3]

Classification

• Maweti–Guarani
  • Mawe
  • Aweti–Guarani
    • Aweti
    • Tupi-Guarani

Proto-language

Proto-Maweti–Guarani
Familycolor:	American
Ancestor:	Proto-Tupian
Child1:	Proto-Tupi–Guarani
Target:	Maweti–Guarani languages

See also: Proto-Tupian. Reconstruction of Proto-Maweti–Guarani, along with Mawe, Aweti, and Proto-Tupi–Guarani cognates according to Meira and Drude (2015).^[1]

gloss	Proto-Maweti–Guarani	notes (Proto-Maweti–Guarani)	Maweti	Aweti	Proto-Tupi–Guarani
	i-		i-	i-	i-
about	ete		ete	ete	ece
agouti	akuti		akuri	akuzu Ɂjɨt	akuti
anu bird	anjũ, *aniũ		ajũ-nɁi	ajũ	anũ
armadillo	tjajtju		sahu	tatu-pep	tatu
ashamed	(*tĩ)		tĩ	–	tĩ
at/in	pe		pe	pe	pe
ax	kwɨ		ɨwɨ-hap	kɨ	jɨ
back	(Ɂ)ape		ape	Ɂape	ape
be/live	eko		eko	eko	eko
beans	kumana	(? – possible borrowing)	kumanã	kumanaɁĩ	kumana
big	wat(o/u)		wato	watu	waču
bitter	rõp		nop	lop	rop
black	kwuun		huun	–	un
blood	tjuwɨ(k)		suu	uwɨk	(r)uwɨ
blow	pekwu		pehu	petu	peju
bone	kaŋ		kaŋ	kaŋ	kaŋ
branch	tjakã		jãŋã	akã	(r)akã
burn	apɨ		apɨ	apɨ	apɨ
buriti (palm)	(*m(u/i)riti)	(? – possible borrowing, TG > Mawe)	miriti	–	muriti
chest	potiɁa		potiɁa	pozɨɁa	potiɁa
chief	(*morekwat)	(? possible borrowing)	morekwat	morekwat	–
call	enõj		h-enoj	ejõj	enõj
cloud	(ɨwɨ)tjiŋ		ɨwɨ-hiŋ	ɨwɨ-tiŋ	ɨßa-tiŋ
.	er(o/e)-		er-, ere-	zo-	ero
come	ut		(u)ut	ut	ut
cooked	kwɨp		wɨp	o-kɨp	jɨp
corn	aßati	(? – probable borrowing)	awati	awati	aßati
curassow	mɨtiũ(ŋ), *mɨtjũ(ŋ)		mɨjũ	mɨtuŋ	mɨtũ
deer	(ɨ)tɨɨ		–	tɨ-wapat, ɨtɨɨ
die	pap		pap	pap	pap
do	rj(u/o)ŋ, *nj(u/o)ŋ		nuŋ	juŋ	ruŋ ~ *roŋ ~ *noŋ (Rodrigues & Dietrich 1997), *noŋ (Mello 2000)
door	oken		oken-ɨpɨ	oten	oken
earth	(*Ɂɨj)		Ɂɨj	–	Ɂɨj
eat	Ɂu		uɁu	Ɂu	Ɂu
egg	upiɁa		upiɁa	n-upiɁa	upiɁa
enter	ejke		we-eke	ece	(e)jkje
exit	tem		wẽẽ-tem	tem	čem
eye	et-tja		(e)ha	(e)ta	eča (Rodrigues and Dietrich 1997), eca (Mello 2000)
face	(e/o)ßa		(e)wa	owa	oßa
fall	Ɂat		aɁat	Ɂat	Ɂat
father	tjup		sup	up	(r)up
feed	poj		poj	poj	poj
fetid	riem, *rjem; (*rem)		nem	jem	nem ~ *rem
field	ko		ko	ko	ko
finger (nail)	p(uɁ)u(j)ã		puɁujã	puã	pwã
fire	atia, *atja		arja	aza	ata
flat	peep		peep	ɨwɨ-pep	pep
flea	tiuŋ, *tjuŋ		juŋ	tuŋ	tuŋ
flower	pojtjɨɨt		i-pohɨɨt	Ɂa-potɨt	potɨt
foot	pɨ		pɨ	pɨ	pɨ
fruit	Ɂa		Ɂa	Ɂa	Ɂa
grandfather	am(õ/ũ)(j)		h-amũ	amũj	amõj
go	to		to	to	co
good	kajtju		kahu	katu	katu
hair	tjap		sap	ap	(r)ap
hammock	(Ɂ)(i/ɨ)nĩ		Ɂɨni	Ɂinĩ	inĩ
hand	po		po	po	po
head hair	Ɂatjap	(from *Ɂa ‘head’ + *tjap ‘hair’)	asap	Ɂap	Ɂap
heavy	potɨj		potɨj	potɨj	pocɨj
hot	tjakup		sakup	akup	(r)akup
house	(tj)ok		sok	ok	(r)ok
hunger	tjɨɨɁa(t)		sɨɨɁat		tɨɁa-ßot
kill	(*kwuka)		Ɂa-uka		juka
leaf	tjop		ɨ-hop	op	(r)op
lick	eereep		eereep	ezep	erep
lip	tjẽpe		jẽpe	ẽpe	(r)eme
louse	ŋɨp		ŋɨp	Ɂakɨp (from earlier *Ɂa ‘head’ + *kɨp ‘louse’)	kɨp
manioc	mani		mani	maniɁok	maniɁok (cf. Aweti, Tupi-Guarani Ɂok ‘tuber’)
man's daughter	tjakwiɁɨt		sakiɁɨt	atiɁɨt	(r)ajɨt
man's sister	(i/e)nɨt		inɨt	jĩt	enɨt
man's older brother	(Ɂ)ɨkeɁɨt		ɁɨkeɁet	ɨtiɁɨt	ɁɨkeɁɨt
many	(e)tia, *(e)tja		=-rja	=-za	eta
medicine	pot-tjaŋ		pohaŋ	potaŋ	pocaŋ
moon	kwaatɨ		waatɨ	tatɨ	jačɨ
mortar	(wẽ)kuɁa		wẽkuɁa	ɁẽkuɁa	ɨŋuɁa
mosquito	kwatiɁũ		watiɁũ	tazɨɁũ	jatiɁũ
mother	tɨ		tɨ	tɨ	čɨ
neck	kwut		hut-Ɂɨp [huɁɾɨp]	tur-Ɂɨp [tuɁɾɨp]	jut
name	tjet		set	et	(r)et
navel	pɨrupɁã		pɨrumɁa	pilup	pɨruɁã (Rodrigues; Dietrich, 1997), pɨruã (Mello, 2000)
.	mi-		mi-	mi-	mipa
in	tjatɨ		satɨ	atɨ	(r)ačɨ
pass	kotjap		kosap	kwap	kwap
place	etiam, *etjam		ejam	tam, etam	etam
pull	ekɨj		ekɨj	ekɨj	ekɨj
rain	ama(a)n		iɁ-ama(a)n	aman	aman
red	kwup		hup	tup	jup
red	(*pɨraŋ)		–	pɨlaŋ	pɨraŋ (perhaps reconstructible only to Proto-Aweti-Guarani)
	kwe-		we-	te-	je
root	tjapo		sapo	apo	(r)apo
saliva	(*tjẽtɨ)		jẽtɨ-hɨ	–	(r)enɨ
salt	kwukɨt		ukɨt	tukɨt	jukɨt
search	(i/e)kaat		(i)kaat	(j)kat	ekat
see/hear	ẽtup		wan-ẽtup	(ẽ)tup	enup
seed	tjaɁĩj		jaɁĩj	aɁĩj	(r)aɁĩj
seize	pɨtɨk		pɨtɨk	pɨtɨk	pɨtɨk
seize	(j)aat		aat	–	(j)at
shoot	(*(Ɂ)ɨßõ)		–	Ɂɨwõ	ɨßõ
shoulder	tj(a/ã)tiɁɨp(i)		jãtiɁɨpɨ	azɨɁɨp	(r)atɨɁɨp
skin/body	piit		piit	pit	pit
slap	(*petek)		petek	–	petek
sleep	ket		ket	tet	kjet
smoke	tjiŋ		ɨ-hiŋ (probably *Ɂɨp ‘tree, wood’ + *tjiŋ)	tiŋ	tiŋ
snake	mõj		moj	mõj	moj
squirrel	(*kutiere, *kutjere)		kutiere	kuceze-Ɂjɨt	–
sweet	i-tjeɁẽ		heɁẽ	teɁẽ	čeɁẽ (apparently a lexicalized third-person form)
swim	ɨjtja(p)		ɨha	ɨta-tap	ɨtap
termite	ŋupi		ŋupi-Ɂa	kupi-Ɂa, kupi-Ɂĩ	kupi-Ɂi
tail	tjuwaj		suwaj-po	uwaj	(r)uwaj
thick	anam		iɁ-anam	Ɂajam	anam
thigh	Ɂup		Ɂup	Ɂup	Ɂup
tooth	tjãj		jãj	ãj	(r)ãj
tortoise	kwaßoti		wawori	tawozɨ	jaßoti
toucan	tiukan, *tjukan		jũkan	tukan	tukan
traíra (fish)	(*taraɁɨra)	(? – possible borrowing, TG > Mawe)	taraɁɨra	–	taraɁɨr-a
two	(*mokõj)		–	mokõj	mokõj
village	(*taaßa)	(? – possible borrowing, TG > Mawe)	taawa	–	taßa
vulture	urußu		uruwu	uzuwu	urußu
wasp	ŋap		ŋap	kap	kap
water	Ɂɨ		ɨɁɨ	Ɂɨ	Ɂɨ
wind	ɨßɨt(u)	(? – possible borrowing, TG > Mawe)	ɨwɨtu	ɨwɨt	ɨßɨtu
woman's son	mẽpɨt		mẽpɨt	mẽpɨt	memɨt

For a list of Proto-Maweti-Guarani reconstructions by Corrêa-da-Silva (2013),^[4] see the corresponding Portuguese article.

References

• Mello, A. A. S. Estudo histórico da família lingüística Tupi-Guarani: aspectos fonológicos e lexicais. Ph.D. dissertation, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 2000.
• Rodrigues, A. D.; Dietrich, W. On the linguistic relationship between Mawe and Tupi-Guarani. Diachronica, v. 14, n. 2, p. 265-304, 1997.

Notes and References

1. Meira, Sérgio and Sebastian Drude (2015). "A preliminary reconstruction of proto-Maweti-Guarani segmental phonology". Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, série Ciências Humanas, 10(2):275-296.
2. Rodrigues, Aryon D. Relações internas na família lingüística Tupí-Guaraní. Revista de Antropologia, São Paulo, v. 27/28, p. 33-53, 1984/85.
3. Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho De Valhery. 2016. Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Brasília.
4. Corrêa-da-Silva, Beatriz Carretta (2013). O mundo a partir do léxico: Reconstruindo a realidade social Mawé-Awetí-Tupí-Guaraní. Revista Brasileira De Linguística Antropológica, 5(2), 385-400. https://doi.org/10.26512/rbla.v5i2.16271