Mauritians of Indian origin explained

Group:Indo-Mauritians
Population:812,769
65.7% of the population of Mauritius
Total Year:2011[1]
Religions:Majority: Hinduism 73.8%
Minority: Islam 26.2%[2]
Related:Bihari MauritiansTamil MauritiansIndian diaspora in Southeast AfricaIndo-CaribbeansIndo-FijiansIndian South AfricansIndian peopleIndian diaspora

Indo-Mauritians are Mauritians who trace their ethnic ancestry to the Republic of India or other parts of the Indian subcontinent in South Asia.[3]

History

During the administration of the French East India Company (until 1767) and subsequent French rule at least 12,000 workers arrived from India between 1721 and 1810 before the abolition of slavery.[4] These first Indian immigrants came from various parts of India such as Pondicherry, Karikal, Yanaon, Bengal and others. They worked under contract as skilled stonemasons, blacksmiths, and carpenters although hundreds of them were slaves.[5] [6] After the legislative changes of 1767 these Indian immigrants were allowed to start businesses, buy land and own slaves.[7]

Following the November 1810 British Invasion from the northern coast, the island came under British rule. With the liberation of about 65,000 African and Malagasy slaves after the 1833 abolition of slavery the Franco-Mauritian plantation owners and sugar oligarchs resorted to indentured labourers, or Coolies, from various parts of India to work in their fields. Between 1834 and 1920, nearly 700,000 Indian indentured laborers arrived at Aapravasi ghat, an embankment located in the harbor of Port-Louis.[8] Mauritius thus became the British colony's largest recipient of indentured migrants.[9] Indentured labourers were mostly brought from the Bhojpuri speaking regions of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, with a large number of Tamils, Telugus and Marathis amongst them. The descendants of these indentured labourers make up two-thirds of the island's current population.[9]

As free immigrants, these later arrivals were commonly employed by the British in the armed forces, police forces, as security personnel with a substantial portion of immigrants from Gujarat and Sindh arriving as traders, businessmen, and merchants.

In the late 19th to early 20th century, Chinese men in Mauritius married Indian women due to both a lack of Chinese women and the higher numbers of Indian women on the island.[10] [11] [12] The 1921 census in Mauritius counted that Indian women there had a total of 148 children fathered by Chinese men.[13] [14] [15] These Chinese were mostly traders.[16]

Demographics

Today the population consists of mainly Hindus with Muslim, Christian, Buddhist and Baháʼí Faith minorities. The mother tongue of almost all Mauritians is the Mauritian Creole, while a minority of Indo-Mauritians still use both their ancestral language and Creole at home. Indo-Mauritian use their ancestral languages mostly in religious activities, some of them include Bhojpuri, Tamil, Hindi, Marathi, Telugu and Urdu.

As from age six, all Mauritian children must learn a third language at school (French and English are already compulsory). The languages learnt in decreasing order are Hindi, Urdu, Tamil, Chinese, Marathi, Telugu and Bhojpuri. Mauritian Creoles can opt for Mauritian Creole as the third language. Choice is usually based on ethno-religious background with Hindi, Tamil, Telugu and Marathi chosen by Hindus who belong to the respective ethnicities and Urdu by Muslims from the Indian Subcontinent.

Indian influence

Indo-Mauritians have influenced Mauritian culture, dominating the economic, public sector and political faces of the island.[9] Mauritian politics have been historically dominated by the Indo-Mauritian community[17] due to their majority as a whole on the electoral platform. All presidents except Karl Offmann and all prime ministers except for Paul Berenger have been members of the community. Most Hindu celebrations are public holidays. Indian influence is felt in religion, cuisine and arts. Indian influence is also felt on music wherein the island has its own groups of Bhojpuri and Tamil bands.[18] Indian films are also widely popular.[19]

Caste System

Due to local demographic realities, the Indian Caste System was not directly implemented in the Mauritian context.[20] [21] [22] [23] [24]

Notable people

Sports

Football is the most popular sport amongst Mauritians. Vikash Dhorasoo, who played for French football team, is of Indo-Mauritian origin.

See also

Notes and references

Notations

Notes and References

  1. Government of India. Population of Non-resident indians country wise. 2012.
  2. http://statsmauritius.govmu.org/English/CensusandSurveys/Documents/HPC/2011/HPC_TR_Vol2_Demography_Yr11.pdf
  3. Ravi . Srilata . 2010 . Indo-Mauritians: National and Postnational Identities . L'Esprit Créateur . 50 . 2 . 29–45 . 26289646 . 0014-0767 . 2024-06-29 . 2024-06-29 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240629012952/https://www.jstor.org/stable/26289646 . live .
  4. Srilata Ravi . 2010 . Indo-Mauritians: National and Postnational Identities . L'Esprit Créateur . 50 . 2 . 29–45 . 10.1353/esp.0.0236 . 162237049 . 1931-0234.
  5. Web site: Présence des tamouls dans une société pluriethnique et multiconfessionelle: Le cas de Maurice . 10 August 2014 . Le Mauricien . 2014-08-10 . 2021-06-26 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210626163030/https://www.lemauricien.com/actualites/magazine/presence-des-tamouls-societe-pluriethnique-et-multiconfessionnelle-cas-maurice/59526/ . live .
  6. Web site: Boodhoo . Sarita . The Tamil Presence in Mauritius . 8 November 2015 . Mauritius Times . 2015-11-08 . 2024-07-13 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240713033043/http://www.mauritiustimes.com/mt/sarita-boodhoo-67/ . live .
  7. Web site: Tamouls, les racines de l'histoire . 5 February 2004 . L'Express . 2004-02-05 . 2021-01-31 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210131201538/https://www.lexpress.mu/article/tamouls-les-racines-de-lhistoire . live .
  8. Web site: Indo-Mauritians and the Innocents: A Photo Gallery . 2021 . Lal . Vinay . University of California, Los Angeles . 2021-04-10 . 2021-04-10 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210410032016/https://southasia.ucla.edu/diaspora/indo-mauritians-innocents/ . live .
  9. News: The legacy of Indian migration to European colonies. 2 September 2017. The Economist. 2 September 2017. 1 September 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170901212224/https://www.economist.com/news/international/21727896-century-after-india-ended-system-indentured-labour-its-diaspora-building. live.
  10. Book: 199. 2009. May 17, 2014. Brill. 1 of European expansion and indigenous response, v. 1. Marina Carter, James Ng Foong Kwong. Abacus and Mah Jong: Sino-Mauritian Settlement and Economic Consolidation . https://web.archive.org/web/20160504233417/https://books.google.com/books?id=RtOwCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA199&lpg=PA199&dq=chinese+shopkeepers+indian+creole+women+mauritius&source=bl&ots=ux4RYxvT3x&sig=ozjqdTOIbdbIVubSnNR1_YEXIz4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=3EeUVZu2FcfEsAXp2paYDQ&ved=0CEwQ6AEwCTgK#v=onepage&q=chinese%20shopkeepers%20indian%20creole%20women%20mauritius&f=false. 2016-05-04. 978-9004175723.
  11. Book: 33. 2009. May 17, 2014. Oxford University Press. Paul Younger Professor Emeritus of Religious Studies McMaster University. New Homelands : Hindu Communities in Mauritius, Guyana, Trinidad, South Africa, Fiji, and East Africa: Hindu Communities in Mauritius, Guyana, Trinidad, South Africa, Fiji, and East Africa . https://web.archive.org/web/20160522073223/https://books.google.com/books?id=3VTiBwAAQBAJ&pg=PT40&dq=chinese+men+cohabit+indian+women+mauritius&hl=en&sa=X&ei=XFWTVfS7OYW4yQTe14HQDw&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false. 2016-05-22. 978-0199741922.
  12. What Inter-Ethnic Marriage In Mauritius Tells Us About The Nature of Ethnicity . https://web.archive.org/web/20140518083011/http://arinave.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/INCORE-Paper-2001-PDF1.pdf . May 18, 2014 . 15 . May 17, 2014 . unfit .
  13. Book: 174. 2008. May 17, 2014. Éditions de l'océan Indien. Huguette Ly-Tio-Fane Pineo, Edouard Lim Fat. From alien to citizen: the integration of the Chinese in Mauritius. 978-9990305692. July 13, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240713031905/https://books.google.com/books?id=FNswAQAAIAAJ&q=children+born+from+the+union+of+Chinese+men+with+women+of+the+general+population+and+148+others+were+born+from+the+union+of+Chinese+men+with+Indian+women.+(62)+The+first+signs+of+a+new+culture+born+from+the+symbiosis+of+Eastern+and+.... live.
  14. Book: 287. 1985. May 17, 2014. Ed. de l'océan indien. Huguette Ly Tio Fane-Pineo. Chinese Diaspora in Western Indian Ocean. 9990305692. July 13, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240713031906/https://books.google.com/books?id=3U4MAQAAIAAJ&q=He+thus+recorded+that+in+1921+there+were+386+children+born+from+the+union+of+Chinese+with+women+of+the+general+population+and+148+others+were+born+from+the+union+of+Chinese+with+Indian+women+(62).+The+first+signs+of+a+new+culture+born+.... live.
  15. What Inter-Ethnic Marriage In Mauritius Tells Us About The Nature of Ethnicity . https://web.archive.org/web/20140518083011/http://arinave.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/INCORE-Paper-2001-PDF1.pdf . May 18, 2014 . 16 . May 17, 2014 . unfit .
  16. Book: 41. 2002. June 1, 2015. Nelson Mandela Centre for African Culture, Ministry of Arts & Culture. Monique Dinan. Mauritius in the Making: Across the Censuses, 1846-2000. 9990390460. July 13, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240713031900/https://books.google.com/books?id=gnawAAAAIAAJ&q=intermarried+cohabited. live.
  17. Web site: India Mauritius Bilateral Brief . hcimauritius.gov.in . 2024-01-12 . 2024-01-12 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240112052512/https://hcimauritius.gov.in/pages?id=9avme&subid=yb8md&nextid=RdG7d . live .
  18. Servan-Schreiber . Catherine . 2011-01-24 . Indian Folk Music and 'Tropical Body Language': The Case of Mauritian Chutney . South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal . en . 10.4000/samaj.3111 . 1960-6060 . free . 2024-06-29 . 2024-06-29 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240629125939/https://journals.openedition.org/samaj/3111?amp;id=3111#:~:text=In%20Mauritius,%20the%20meeting%20between,of%20music%20called%20'chutney'. . live .
  19. Web site: Stars Arrive in Mauritius for Zee Cine Awards 2006 | Photo of Twinkle Khanna,Akshay Kumar from the Stars Arrive in Mauritius for Zee Cine Awards 2006 Images - Bollywood Hungama . . 2022-09-16 . 2024-07-13 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240713031907/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/wp-content/themes/bh-theme/page-templates/loadphotos.php . live .
  20. Au " pays des Vaish " ? . 10.4000/assr.25272 . 2013 . Claveyrolas . Mathieu . . 163 . 191–216 . 2023-12-17 . 2024-07-13 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240713031532/https://journals.openedition.org/assr/25272 . live .
  21. Web site: Portrait: Atma Doolooa, un chamar fier de l'être . 8 July 2012 . Le Mauricien . 2012-07-08 . 2021-05-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210517101117/https://www.lemauricien.com/actualites/societe/portrait-atma-doolooa-chamar-fier-letre/119171/ . live .
  22. Web site: G. . R. . The fallacy of the caste system in Mauritius . 7 June 2017 . L'Express . 2017-06-07 . 2024-07-13 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240713031541/https://lexpress.mu/idee/309149/fallacy-caste-system-mauritius . live .
  23. Hollup . Oddvar . The Disintegration of Caste and Changing Concepts of Indian Ethnic Identity in Mauritius . Ethnology . 33 . 4 . 1994 . 297–316 . 10.2307/3773901 . 3773901 .
  24. Web site: Autrefois orateur vedette du MMM: Prem Koonjoo devenu un "ton" . 2 June 2019 . L'Express . 2019-06-02 . 2019-06-07 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190607111941/https://www.lexpress.mu/article/354012/autrefois-orateur-vedette-mmm-prem-koonjoo-devenu-un-ton . live .

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