| Country: | Mauritania |
| Flag Year: | 1959 |
| Previous Election: | 1996 |
| Next Election: | 2006 |
| Election Date: | 19 October 2001 (first round) |
| Seats For Election: | All 81 seats in the National Assembly |
| Majority Seats: | 41 |
| Turnout: | 54.45% (2.39pp) |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Nopercentage: | yes |
| Party1: | Democratic and Social Republican Party |
| Leader1: | Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya |
| Seats1: | 64 |
| Last Election1: | 70 |
| Party2: | AC |
| Colour2: |
|
| Leader2: | Messaoud Ould Boulkheir |
| Seats2: | 4 |
| Last Election2: | 1 |
| Party3: | Rally for Democracy and Unity |
| Leader3: | Ahmed Ould Sidi Baba |
| Seats3: | 3 |
| Last Election3: | 1 |
| Party4: | Union for Democracy and Progress |
| Leader4: | Naha Mint Mouknass |
| Seats4: | 3 |
| Last Election4: | 0 |
| Party5: | Rally of Democratic Forces |
| Leader5: | Ahmed Ould Daddah |
| Seats5: | 3 |
| Last Election5: | 0 |
| Party6: | Union of the Forces of Progress |
| Leader6: | Mohamed Ould Maouloud |
| Seats6: | 3 |
| Last Election6: | 0 |
| Party7: | FP |
| Leader7: | Lemine Ch'bih Cheikh Melainine |
| Seats7: | 1 |
| Last Election7: | New |
| Map Size: | 250px |
| Prime Minister | |
| Posttitle: | Prime Minister-designate |
| Before Election: | Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna |
| Before Party: | PRDS |
| After Election: | Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna |
| After Party: | PRDS |
Parliamentary elections were held in Mauritania on 19 and 26 October 2001. The result was a landslide victory for President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya's Republican Party for Democracy and Renewal, which took 64 of the 81 seats.
Previous elections since the reintroduction of multi-party politics in the early 1990s has seen opposition boycotts due to accusations of the incumbent government rigging the results. However, a new computerised ID system was introduced before the 2001 elections, resulting in opposition parties contesting the elections.[1]