| Matureivavao | |
| Map: | French Polynesia |
| Location: | Pacific Ocean |
| Archipelago: | Tuamotus |
| Area Km2: | 18 |
| Area Footnotes: | (lagoon) 2.5km² (above water) |
| Length Km: | 6.6 |
| Width Km: | 4.6 |
| Country: | France |
| Country Admin Divisions Title: | Overseas collectivity |
| Country Admin Divisions: | French Polynesia |
| Country Admin Divisions Title 2: | Commune |
| Country Admin Divisions 2: | Gambier Islands |
| Country Admin Divisions Title 1: | Administrative subdivision |
| Country Admin Divisions 1: | Tuamotus |
| Population: | Uninhabited[1] |
| Population As Of: | 2012 |
Matureivavao, or Maturei-vavao[2] is an uninhabited atoll in the Acteon Group in the southeastern part of the Tuamotu Islands. It is the largest atoll within the Acteon Group, and like others in this group, is administratively part of the commune of the Gambier Islands.
Matureivavao is about 6.6abbr=onNaNabbr=on long in a NNW-SSE direction and 4.6abbr=onNaNabbr=on wide. It has a land area of 2.5abbr=onNaNabbr=on and a lagoon area of 18abbr=onNaNabbr=on. It lies 16abbr=onNaNabbr=on southeast of Tenarunga and 1390km (860miles) from Tahiti. The atoll is high enough to be visible from a considerable distance. It appears as a sandy beach, backed by a line of dark green. In bad weather, the seas sometimes sweep over the reef. There is no entrance to the lagoon.
In some maps, this atoll also appears as "Melbourne".
The first recorded sighting of this atoll was made during the Spanish expedition of the Portuguese navigator Pedro Fernández de Quirós on 5 February 1606 under the name Las Cuatro Coronadas (the "four crowned" (by coconut palms)),[3] [4] however, these observations were not fully documented. As such, the first unambiguous approach to the island was made on 14 March 1828 by the explorer Hugh Cuming in his ship Discoverer captained by Samuel Grimwood. The next sighting was in 1833 by navigator Thomas Ebrill on his merchant vessel Amphitrite and again in 1837 by Lord Edward Russell, commander of, the name given to the group.[5] It was previously owned by a man named Captain Nicholas but was redeemed in 1934.[6]
After the hurricane in 1983, Matureivavao was entirely replanted with thousands of coconut trees.[7] The atoll is also colonized by the invasive Amaranthaceae Achyranthes aspera var. velutina.[8] It is also one of the few atolls in which rats were never introduced.